A tsarin kashi na ginin - wannan shi ne ... Babban tsarin abubuwa da gine-gine (harsãshensa, ganuwar, benaye, ganuwar, rufi, matakala, windows, kofofin)

A tsarin kashi na ginin - shi ne ta bangaren sassa amfani da gine-ginen, designers, da magina domin gina da zama dole Tsarin.

Yi gine-gine ya shafi taron abubuwa da shafi aikin da kayyade da tsarin. Kowane sanyata kashi na ginin - shi ta aboveground da kuma karkashin kasa sassa.

Bã su da wani zama, jama'a da masana'antu amfani da za a iya gina daga wata halitta ko wucin gadi dutse ko itace. za su iya samun daya-storey ko Multi-storey tsarin a cikin zane.

Kowane gini a matsayin dukan kuma da aka gyara dole ne a high ƙarfi, kwanciyar hankali, karko, wuta juriya.

Ainihin aka gyara da gine-gine

Zama gine-gine wakilci mahaluži yin wani adadi na ayyuka, ta'aziyya a wata mutum a cikinta. Babban abubuwa da cewa yin up wani gini:

• Foundation.
• Cellar.
• Cap.
• Makafi yankin.
• Ganuwar (ciki da kuma na waje).
• Partitions.
• Matakala.
• Zoba.
• Rufin.

A karkashin kasa na ginin

Ga kowane tsari, da farko gina babban tsarin kashi na ginin - kafuwar, wanda aka magance kan wani yanki na kasa, bada Yunƙurin zuwa gare shi. Yana gudamawar da kaya na jiki. Na da ƙarfi ya dogara da rigidity, kwanciyar hankali da kuma karko na ginin.

Babu gini ba gina kai tsaye a ƙasa. Yawan kwasfanta, daban-daban a cikin halaye, structures, da yin amfani da wani yanki manyan isa.

Wannan ginin da rabi za a iya kafa a wani kintinkiri, slab ko columnar embodiment, na karshe tushe ne raba goyon baya.

Rami don tsari na tsiri tushe ne sanya tare da wasu slant katangu. A karkata kwana da aka lasafta daidaiku a kowane hali.

Ginshiki a karkashin gidan magance, a cikin sarari ayyana ta da tushe.

Cap gutsure wakiltar tushe located sama ƙasa matakin. Wannan bangare na tsarin ginin ne a cikin wani more m yanayi fiye da ta tsaye abubuwa - katangu. Wannan kashi aiki nauyi a sama da dukan located superstructures duniya matsa lamba sã'õ'in daskarewa da kuma thawing hawan keke.

Sama-ƙasa sassa na ginin

Duk abubuwa daga cikin tsarin, zubar sama da jirgin sama na makafi yanki, kunsha na wani m da kwasfa da aka gyara an gina overground na game jiki.

Otmostka ma'anar da iyaka tsakanin manya da karkashin kasa da Tsarin yi. Wannan na musamman shafi a kan wannan kewaye da tsari. Its salo ne da za'ayi a wani karkata daga load-hali bango.

The na'urar da nada makwabtaka Tsarin shi ne, a sama da dukan, da waterproofing, watau kariya ginin da waje ruwan sama da kuma ruwan karkashin kasa magudanun ruwa. Dumi makirci makafi yankin za su yi wani aiki - rufi, hana kasar gona daga sanyi heaving.

Amfani da tsari na makafi yankin domin ado da m kayan sa ya yiwu ba kawai a yi ado da kuma gama da waje na ginin. Makafi yankin hidima a matsayin tafiya a ƙasa walkway, wanda ya samar da wani tsari, don ginin.

Ganuwar da matsanancin da ciki m abubuwa

Na waje ganuwar ne a tsaye ɓangare na ginin yadi. Sun shi ne kare daga waje muhalli. A cikin tsari na ginin an bã mafi wuya matsayi. Ganuwar suna fuskantar kaya na da kansa nauyi, benaye, rufi na gine-gine. Bugu da kari, hasken rana radiation, zazzabi bambance-bambance a ciki da wajen ginin, da yanayin damina.

Don kawar nakasawa na waje da kuma na ciki ganuwar, a gina yi domin su yi amfani da kayayyakin da saduwa duk da yanayin ƙarfi ne, kuma karko.

By wurinta ginin sanyata kashi "Inner bango" - wannan shi ne tsakiyar sarari raba yi kashi. Wannan bangare ba a shafi wani kaya wanin nasu nauyi. Duk da haka, saboda da manyan ciki sarari ake bukata da amfani da ciki ganuwar da cewa aiki a matsayin yan dako. Irin wannan ganuwar da su ne bisa wani tushe da kuma ake generated da irin waje ganuwar, ta amfani da irin wannan ko da alaka da kayan.

Middle benaye suna located tsakanin benen kasa da kuma cikin ɗaki ƙarƙashin marufi, tsara don ɗan adam habitation kuma suna da babban tsarin abubuwa na gine-gine.

A cikin jirgin sama na waje ganuwar suna gina benaye da ake bukata domin sadarwa da waje yanayi da kuma staircases Tsarin kamar kuma kofofi da tagogi.

Ciki partitions da matakala

Partitions a wani gini da aka yi nufi ga rabuwa da ciki sarari na raba dakin. Tare da su taimako, yana yiwuwa ya replan Apartment da mai shi. Babu karfi mataki ba su ji.

Matakala yi da aiki na sanar da tsakanin benaye, da damar da fitarwa na mutane a cikin matsananci yanayi, da kuma ne babban tsarin abubuwa na gine-gine.

Babban matakala suna located a yankunan da kaya-qazanta ganuwar, wanda aka located a cikin windows, kofofi na Apartments. All high gine-gine suna sanye take da waje gaggawa staircases da ake bukata domin ceto gaggawa da kuma wuta da sabis.

overlapping

Takamaiman zoba wakiltar sassa na gine-gine da suke cikin ginin tsarin yin raba aiki. Sun kafa benaye a cikin ginin, suna batun musamman bukatun ga ƙarfi, stiffness, kamar yadda matsakaici benaye a cikin gidan Dole ne tsayayya da kansa nauyi da kuma nauyin dukkan sassa na gine-gine da kuma mutane.

A kwance gyara za a bada yi sauti da kuma thermal rufi lalacewa ta hanyar tsafta norms.

Rufin kuma da aka gyara

Mauerlat - leveling goyon baya ga shigarwa na rafters, tushe na rufin tsarin.

Wata babban alaman tsarin kashi na ginin - shi rafters, wanda dole ne tsayayya da kansa nauyi, da kayan daga cikin rufi da kuma lodi sa da yanayin damina: iska, snow, ruwan sama, hasken rana radiation.

Details rufin tsarin tsara don yi takamaiman ayyuka. Rafter tsarin ya mallaka a babban mataki na rigidity su hana m motsi da cewa na iya haifar a cikin halakar da ba kawai daga cikin rufi, za a iya halakar sosai tsarin.

Da aka fi amfani nau'i na triangular truss constructions, da ake kira gona. Tare da gefuna daga cikin manya rufi daga cikin ginin layi daya kafa gona, shirkin su da irin wannan hada guda biyu mambobi a matsayin aron kusa (m ko a raga form mikakke kashi - wani goyon baya ga girders da slabs), gudu (katako ayi horizontally a cikin rufi tsarin da ake bukata, don tallafa wa rufin) da kuma tightening .

Kawo sama da raya da tsarin da rufin tsarin, wanda hadawa da gine-gine da kuma tsarin abubuwa na ginin da kuma da aminci, kuma ado Properties.

Rufin sanye take da wani m kashi - mai hana ruwa harsashi rufin, wanda kuma kare gini da inji tasiri, na da babban AMINCI da karko. Bugu da kari ga m ayyuka, rufin adorns ginin, ya ba shi individuality.