A Polymerization dauki

Polymers - mahadi wanda suna da wani babban kwayoyin nauyi kai da dubban raka'a. A Polymerization dauki shi ne tushen zamani kayan samun daban-daban aiki da dukiyoyinsu. Su ne a wata low yawa ne sosai m, iya yi laushi zuwa lokacin tsanani da kuma sauƙi rakumi da gyare-gyaren, wanda damar zuwa samu kayayyakin na daban-daban kayayyaki da kuma masu girma dabam. A polymers ne inert zuwa lalatattu muhallin, mallaka lantarki insulating Properties kuma ba corrode. Saboda ta musamman Properties, wanda za a iya saukin gyara a mataki na kira, yin amfani da zamani polymeric kayan ne kullum fadada.

Lokacin da dumama da kuma sanyaya na kayayyakin da sunadarai samar da nuna hali a cikin hanyoyi biyu.

Wasu laushi lokacin da tsanani kuma Ka yi ɗauri a lokacin da sanyaya sake. Irin kayan da hada kayayyakin bisa shiri wanda ya ta'allaka ne, misali, da Polymerization dauki na alkenes, Ina nufin, polyethylene kuma propylene. Suna da ake kira thermoplastic kayan. Ya na kama da kaddarorin kamar yadda polyvinyl chloride da kuma polystyrene.

Polymers na wani irin iya a mai tsanani sau ɗaya kawai, tun da suka taurara bayan sanyaya kuma mafi ba laushi karkashin dumama. Wadannan kayan ana kira thermosetting, da suka hada da phenol-formaldehyde ko urea-formaldehyde resins. Thermoplastics da thermosets da su abũbuwan amfãni. Da farko samar a granular form. Daga gare su, bayan dumama da kuma softening shirye abubuwa na wani siffar, amma ba za su iya ba a mai tsanani a lokacin aiki. A karshen an samar da wani gummy taro.

ethylene Polymerization dauki za a iya rubuta kamar haka: CH2 = CH2 → (-CH2-CH2-) n. A karkashin wani yanayi, a gaban wani Mafarin (da suka so oxygen gas ko wani bayani da kwayoyin peroxide a man) faruwa tsakanin carbon atoms π-taye rata (in ba haka ba wani biyu bond) da kuma wani fili tsakanin n-Nogo yawan kafa free radicals. A Polymerization dauki fitowa da wani m sarkar inji. A kwayoyin nauyi na da polymer abu ne kai tsaye dogara a kan yawan n, tare da kara da ta ke tsiro. By daidaitawa da yanayi na Polymerization dauki, kira na polyethylene sadarwarka cinma samu wani abu da ake so Properties: fluidity (ko narke index), ƙarfi, yawa, dielectric asarar tangent, dielectric akai, da sauransu.

Kira na high-matsa lamba polyethylene ko Polymerization dauki yana da za'ayi a cikin autoclave ko tubular reactors a yanayin zafi har zuwa 300 ° C da kuma matsa lamba na 1000 zuwa 3000 ATM. Wannan saki mai girma adadin zafi. An cire tare da ruwan zafi wanda aka kawota ga reactor jacket. A mataki na tsarki kawota don zafi da ruwa kau dogara sun fi mayar a kan ingancin da polymeric abu da kuma aiwatar da aminci. Idan ruwa ne talauci tsabtace da kuma ƙunshi mutane da yawa impurities (msl, taurin salts kamar alli da magnesium cations, anions silicic acid, chlorine, da dai sauransu), da reactor jacket kafa adibas ko karfe fara corrode. Saboda canje-canje a cikin reactor bango kauri zafi masha'a fadin ta surface zama m, da kuma zafin jiki da na Polymerization yanayi na iya zama unmanageable. Tare da ban mamaki karuwa daga cikin hadawan abu da iskar shaka zafin jiki na polymer iya faruwa ko bazuwar tare da lalata reactor.

A Polymerization dauki, kamar yadda sakamakon wanda ya fitar polyethylene, zai iya faru a ƙananan zafin jiki da kuma matsa lamba. Amma wannan na bukatar a kara kuzari. Dauke da unreacted ethylene, to, wanda aka raba da polymer aka pelletized, da polyethylene samar karkashin low matsa lamba, kofofi da reactor matsayin foda, ko kuma wajen wani dakatarwar a cikin wata hydrocarbon sauran ƙarfi idan wani babban matsin polyethylene daga cikin reactor matsayin narke kofofi. A foda aka rabu da sauran ƙarfi da impurities wanke daga mai kara kuzari, sa'an nan granulated da musamman kayan aiki kira extruder.

Saboda haka, Polymerization dauki na ethylene a cikin masana'antu amfani ga kira na polyethylene. Gost 16338-85 nuna low-matsa lamba polyethylene slurry da gas lokaci da alãmarsu, bisa ga Gost 16337-77 sallami a matsayin high-matsa lamba polyethylene autoclave ko tubular kan sarki.