A mafi kyau na'ura don karkashin ruwa numfashi. Aqualung karkashin ruwa numfashi

A binciken da na teku zurfin, saba da m talikan da cewa rayuwa a cikin teku bene - duk da wannan har sai kwanan nan da aka m ga mutãne. Amma tun da sabuwar dabara inji for jannatin ruwa da kuma bathyscaphes m zurfin ya zama akwai.

labarin

Mutane sha'awar a karkashin ruwa duniya tun lokacin da. A Bagadaza, Girka da kuma sauran jihar bakin teku kasashen iri iri da aka yi amfani da farauta da kuma yaƙi. Ba abin da ya fi dacewa da magana, shi ba, ta yaya zai iya mutanen da rike su numfashin domin ya zauna a karkashin ruwa daina. Wannan ya tafi a kan ga mutane da yawa ƙarni, har a 1747 akwai wani mutum da ya zo up tare da na farko kwat da wando ga karkashin ruwa yawo. Swim a shi ba zai yiwu ba, shi kuwa yana da babban da mãsu nauyi. Irin wannan na'ura don numfashi a karkashin ruwa da aka kirkiro Klingertom A., Jamus asalin. Yana kunshi wani baƙin ƙarfe hula ga shugaban, wanda ya kunshi biyu shambura, aka yi nufi ga inhalation da exhalation. By kaho da aka a haɗe hana ruwa masana'anta, wanda ya kwanta a kafaɗarsa. Bayan da gwajin, da na'urar karkashin ruwa numfashi ya ba shi barata. The mutum, wanda aka saka a kwat da wando, ya ji matsin lamba da yawa a kan kirji.

Bayan Klingerton modified da kuma kyautata masa kwat da wando, gyaggyarawa shi, shekara bayan shekara. Na farko akwai karfe frame, wanda aka sawa a kai da jiki da kuma aka a haɗe zuwa roba wando. Daga baya ya kara da cewa a cikinta, kuma a manyan balan-balan cika da oxygen wadda aka nutsa tare da mai nutsa. Daga shi da iska shambura yi a mutum a cikin kwat da wando kwalkwali.

alkahuran ruwa

Augustus Siebe dauki kan baton ga halittar ruwa kayan aiki. Wannan ya sa a cikin yin amfani da kalmar "kwat da wando". Metal kwalkwali aka alaka da hana ruwa kwat da wando, da kuma iska ne ciyar da ta tube da wani famfo, located a kan jirgin, daga abin da ya sauka da mai nutsa. Yana da aka leaden takalma ga mai sauri tsoma da karin nauyi, wanda ya bai wa mutum da kwanciyar hankali a kan seabed.

A m shekaru, da kwat da wando da aka kammala da kuma aka modified, amma batun na iska wadata da cewa ba a daura wa ƙasar, ya kasance dacewa.

A 1878, Henry Flüsse ƙirƙira inji for numfashi a karkashin ruwa da rufaffiyar tsarin oxygen. Yana yana amfani da wani mai kula cewa an halicci da kuma jadadda mallaka da wani shekaru 12 kafin Benoit Rukeyrolem. Flüsse wannan sabuwar dabara modifies da kuma ƙara da za su dace da sabon tankuna da zai iya tsayayya da babban matsin.

Da sabuwar dabara na jannatin

A 1943, Emil Ganyan da kuma Jacques Iv Kusto don ƙirƙirar wani na'ura cewa ya dubi saba wa kowane mai nutsa da mai nutsa. Da sabuwar dabara da ake amfani da wannan rana. Wannan jannatin - inji for karkashin ruwa numfashi.

Dalili na cikin iska wadata bawul inji dauka Cousteau da na'ura na fara wani gas da man fetur a cikin abin hawa engine. Bayan zamani da kuma inganta da ake bukata don fara gwaji tsari da ya rigaya a mataki na farko bai gamsar da ya kirkiro. A wurare mabambanta na jikin mutum a karkashin ruwa iska ciyar unevenly kuma, a wasu lokuta shi sosai shi ne ba.

Bayan gwaje gwajen Cousteau modified iska kayyadewa na cylinders haka cewa numfashi ya yiwu a wani zurfin da a wurare daban-daban a jikin ruwa. Wannan yarda ka nutse har zuwa babban zurfin da zama a karkashin ruwa na dogon lokaci.

kayyadewa

Gwamnoni da ake raba bisa ga irin daya- da biyu-mataki. Su ba da damar don rage matsawa na iska, abin da ya zo daga cylinders ta hanyar numfashi tube. Biyu-mataki kayyadewa reducer lowers da matsa lamba ga 6 ATM., Shin mataki na farko. Next huhu inji daukawa iska da muhalli, shi ya sa ya fi sauƙi ga numfashin da ba zãlunci ga kiwon lafiya.

Domin zurfi da kuma dogon lokaci aikin shi bada shawarar yin amfani da wata biyu-mataki gwamnoni.

iri na'urorin

inji for karkashin ruwa numfashi sabunta hanyoyin, da kuma ƙirƙira da kuma raya sabuwar musamman yadda ake gudanar a kowace shekara. Wannan shi ne saboda gaskiyar cewa mutumin da aka nitsewa zurfi a cikin teku bene, kuma duk tsawon yake so ya zama a can.

AVM-15

Wannan na'ura na numfashi a karkashin ruwa ga iri iri da suke da hannu a cikin aikin ceto aiki. Yana bayar da iska kwararru a gaggawa da sauran ayyuka. Musamman tsara na'ura na matsakaici da low zafin jiki da kuma high gurbatawa. Ana amfani da a lokacin ake gudanar for man spills. Don yin wannan, a musamman tsara daidai gyara na ruwa kayan aiki. Yin la'akari na'urar ba fiye da 22 kg.

AVM-5

Wannan šaukuwa inji for numfashi a karkashin ruwa ga swimmers suka gangara zuwa zurfin 60 mita. Weight AVM 5 a lokacin da unfilled gwangwani har zuwa 22 kg. Amfani da wani al'ada iri iri, don gano seabed, kazalika ga wani iri-iri mai zurfi ayyukan.

AVM-12

Wannan na'ura, kamar baya biyu, na samar da mai nutsa numfashi a karkashin ruwa na daban-daban ceto da kuma gaggawa ayyukan. numfashi tsarin ne bude, watau numfashin faruwa a cikin ruwa. A AVM-12 sauki yi da kuma goyon baya, za ka iya aiki tare da shi a cikin wani gurbata muhalli, kuma a low yanayin zafi. Ƙarin kayan aiki ne ma bayar.

musamman mai nutsa

Stig Severinsen yana da wani musamman ikon: ya dogon ci gaba da honed wani fasaha, kamar rike da kuka numfashi. Karsh karkashin ruwa shi bazai zama dole ga 22 minutes. Wannan ita ce shaidar kafa saurayin nan, tun kasance ba tare da iska wannan lokaci.

Long horo da kuma ilimi a fagen ilmin halitta sun yarda da shi don gwaji tare da jiki da kuma cimma wannan sakamakon. Nasarar da ya samu sanya a cikin Guinness Littafi na Records.

Jim kadan kafin Stig Severinsen rikodin riga ya sa a karkashin ruwa ba tare da iska na minti 20 da kuma 10 seconds. Amma wannan bai isa, don haka ya yanke shawarar a kan wani sabon nasara. A wannan tsari Ina kullum kallo da ɗan'uwansa-likita. Kuma da gwajin da ya faru a cikin pool, ruwa da zazzabi wanda ya 30 digiri.

bathyscaphe

A 1930, {asar Amirka? Ir Mun halitta a bathysphere - a karfe ball da yake a cikin igiyoyi ya fadi a kashe a kan jirgin a zurfin. Kullum bi inganta, masana kimiyya sun sanya cewa a ball iya sauka fiye da 1,000 mita. Amma ya ba da zama dole sirri da kuma 'yancin kai. Saboda haka, aiki na da sabuwar dabara submersibles ci gaba.

Bathyscaphe - a na'urar for karkashin ruwa numfashi, wanda ruwansa da 1-2 mutane. Irin wannan mini-jirgin da aka tsara da Auguste Piccard, a Swiss masanin kimiyya, don motsawa karkashin ruwa da kuma gano teku zurfin. Bathyscaphe kunshi wani gida a cikin wani nau'i na ball da kuma babban damar tanki. Amfani da wani musamman sanye take hawa injuna iya matsawa karkashin ruwa, da kuma gaban iska wadata damar da shi ya zama m daga surface tasoshin.

Amfani submersibles iya sauka zuwa zurfin cewa ba batun talakawa iri iri, har ma da mafi kayayyakin zamani. A nutsewa zurfin karamin submarine jirgin ne fiye da 10, 000 mita. Shi ne a kan submersible an yi karatu ne mafi zurfi ciki na Duniya - da Mariana.

ruwa

A yau duniya na ruwa zuwa zurfin da ruwa ya zama mashahuri wasanni. Gogaggen iri iri a ji dadin ta hanyoyi da dama domin ya zama biyu a seabed dogon kamar yadda zai yiwu: rike da kuka numfashi, numfashi a karkashin ruwa da taimako na musamman na'urorin, da binciken na teku duniya a bathyscaphe.

Domin jannatin ruwa dole ne ka sha wani musamman makaranta, inda sanar da rike da inji, shigar da shi a kan dukan zama dole sigogi daidai lissafi lodi. Bugu da kari, nutse zuwa babban zurfin ya zama m, kamar yadda hawan. Wannan shi ne saboda m da nutsewa a ruwa, da hakan da matsa lamba da kuma jiki dole ne lokaci zuwa daidaita. A kaifi hawan zuwa surface kuma iya kai ga a ke so sakamakon.