A lipids a cikin cell yi da ayyuka na ... Properties na lipids. Rawar da lipids a cikin cell

Tare da sunadarai, carbohydrates da kuma nucleic acid na bayar da muhimmanci ga duk rayayyun kwayoyin halitta ne ma lipids. Shin gudanar da mahadi da muhimmanci nazarin halittu ayyuka. Saboda haka, m ƙari na jiki yana da muhimmanci ga al'ada rayuwa. Me suka wakilci cikin sharuddan sunadarai da kuma wasu lipids a cikin cell yi ayyuka, mu koya daga wannan labarin.

Lipids: janar ra'ayi

Idan ka ba mai janar faye hali na mahadi a tambaya, shi za a iya ce da cewa kwayoyin abu na cell lipids - ne hadaddun mai-kamar kwayoyin, wanda sun hada da a cikin abun da ke ciki a hydrophilic da hydrophobic part.

Kawai sa, duk da fats na kayan lambu da dabbobi asalin, waxes, cholesterol, da yawa hormones, terpenes - duk lipids. Kamar wannan lokaci wakilci totality of Properties irin wannan mahadi. Dukan su - suna insoluble a ruwa amma narkewa a nonpolar kwayoyin abubuwa sadarwa. M ga tabawa.

A abun da ke ciki na lipids cikin sharuddan sunadarai wajen wuya da kuma dogara a kan abin da musamman fili a tambaya. Saboda haka, wannan batu a yi la'akari daban.

rarrabuwa

Rarraba duk lipids a cikin kungiyar za su iya zama a kan daban-daban filaye. Daya daga cikin na kowa rarrabuwa dogara ne a kan ikon da kwayoyin zuwa hydrolysis. A cewar wannan halayyar rarrabe biyu manyan kungiyoyin na Organic mai.

1. Saponifiable - mãsu an hõre hydrolysis da decompose a cikin ta bijiro da batun kafa sassa. Misalai: waxes, phospholipids, sterol esters, tsaka tsaki fats.
2. Unsaponifiable - mãsu ba batun hydrolysis. Wadannan sun hada da terpenes, sterols, mai-mai narkewa bitamin (A, D, E, K), cholesterol, estradiol, testosterone, da sauran.

Akwai wani alama na rarrabuwa da abubuwa a cikin tambaya - da yawan membobin da aka gyara. Saboda haka, release:

• bicomponent ko sauki (shuka fats da waxes).
• multicomponent, ko hadaddun (phospholipids, glycolipids, da kuma sauran ornitinolipidy).

A general lipids a cell aiki a matsayin mai muhimmanci, tun da sun kasance kai tsaye ko kaikaitacce mahalarta a duk m tafiyar matakai. Saboda haka, bambancin da su sosai high.

A abun da ke ciki na lipids

Daga cikin sinadaran ra'ayi a cikin kwayoyin kamar abubuwa kunshi biyu main aka gyara:

• hydrophobic bangaren.
• hydrophilic.

Tun lipids sosai, kuma misalai na biyu sassa da yawa. Ga wani fahimtar da sinadaran abun da ke ciki na fili ba misalai.

Wanne mahadi hydrophobic aka gyara na sia kwayoyin?

1. Higher m acid (IVH).
2. Higher alcohols.
3. Higher aldehydes.

Hydrophilic kwayoyin na da wadannan aka gyara:

• glycerol.
• amino diol.
• carbohydrates.
• phosphoric acid da sulfuric acid.
• amino alcohols.
• amino acid.

Daban-daban haduwa da wadannan aka gyara da za a kiyaye shi kusa da juna saboda da ionic, covalent interactions, electrostatic janye da hydrogen bonding sojojin, samar da duk da yawa m, ruwa insoluble mahadi, da aka sani tare da lipids.

Tsari da kuma Properties

sia Properties an bayyana ta da sinadaran tsarin. Saboda haka, idan kunshe a cikin abun da ke ciki na unsaturated mafi girma carboxylic acid da glycerol, da kitsen zai nuna halaye acid da kuma wani trihydric barasa. Idan wani ɓangare na aldehyde, sa'an nan da dauki zai kasance mãsu halayyar da keto kungiyar.

Saboda haka, dangantakar da dũkiyarsu da kuma sinadaran tsarin da kwayoyin ne quite shakka. The kawai ga kowa da kowa iri mai halaye - shi ne:

• solubility a benzene, hexane, chloroform da kuma sauran wadanda ba na iyakacin duniya kaushi.
• oiliness ko greasiness ga tabawa.

Tana mayar wa wani keji

Wadanda lipids cewa yin wani aiki a cikin jiki musanya gina jiki, wani makamashi Madogararsa, ne tsaka tsaki fats. Bisa ga rarrabuwa daga cikin abubuwa shi zai zama wata cakuda triacylglycerols. A hydrophobic, ruwa-insoluble, wadanda ba iyakacin duniya mahadi ne da samuwar glycerol da uku kwayoyin na mafi girma carboxylic acid.

Yana da wadannan lipids ake sarrafa a cikin sel rayayyun kwayoyin halitta. Wane irin canji? Wannan tsari ne hydrolysis na musamman enzymes, da ake kira lipases. A sakamakon haka, cikakken narkewa samara da kwayoyin da glycerol kuma m acid. Suna nan sake-shigar da jini a cikin sel kuma ya hõre su kara aiki - kira na lipids a cell na wani daban-daban tsarin.

Akwai da dama na mafi girma m acid waxanda suke da muhimmanci ga mutane, ko dai kadai a cikin Kwayoyin suna ba kafa. Su ne:

• oleic.
• linoleic.
• linolenic.

Don kula da al'ada sia matakan kamata ci abinci mai arziki a cikin wadannan acid: nama, kifi, qwai, kaji, ganye, kwayoyi, cuku da kuma kamar, hatsi.

Rawar da lipids a cikin cell

Menene muhimmancin na kitse ga jiki? A lipids a cikin cell yi cikin ayyukan:

• Tsaya-makamashi.
• tsarin.
• sigina.
• m.

Kowane daga cikinsu shi ne musamman da muhimmanci don kula da al'ada rayuwa na kowane halitta mai rai.

Na musamman muhimmancin su ne waɗanda kafa unsaturated acid, tun da sun kasance ba makawa. Cewa suna da hannu a cikin samuwar takamaiman kwayoyin na prostaglandins, wanda bi da bi, su ne gwamnoni da yawa tafiyar matakai. Har ila yau, shi ne kaddarorin da lipids a cikin wannan kungiyar ba da damar neutralize cholesterol da kuma hana atherosclerosis.

Tsaya-by-Power da kuma tsarin aiki

Triacylglycerol ko tsaka tsaki mai - shi ne babban makamashi Madogararsa saboda mutane da yawa ciki gabobin (hanta, koda, tsoka). Bayan tsakiyan nonon na 1 gram na sia saki 9.3 kcal zafi, wanda ƙwarai wuce cewa na lalata da carbohydrates da kuma sunadarai.

Saboda haka, a lokacin azumi ga jiki mai - shi ne tushen da nishaxi, da samar da makamashi. Lipids a cikin cell yi tsarin ayyuka, a matsayin wani ɓangare na cell membranes. Wannan kwayoyi kamar:

• glycolipids.
• phospholipids.
• cholesterol.

Irin wannan sia ne phosphatidylcholine ne na zaɓi tsarin naúrar na hanta Kwayoyin. Saboda haka, madadin aiki na kitse - shi ne ajiya na su a sassa na jiki. Energy - wani tsagawa, idan ya cancanta, tare da saki da makamashi. A block shi ne cewa an gina daga lipids wasu sassa na sel da kyallen takarda.

Gargadi da aminci

Sigina aiki na lipids ne cewa da dama daga cikinsu akwai dako daga cikin muhimman sakonni daga cell da kuma ciki da shi. Wadannan su ne fats, kamar:

• phosphatidylinositol.
• eicosanoids.
• glycolipids.

Su suna hade da hormones da kuma samar da sauri canja wurin bayanai a cikin cell da kuma fitar da shi. Har ila yau, fats samar da tsari na da yawa ayyuka da cewa suna da za'ayi ta Kwayoyin.

The m rawar da lipids ne cewa subcutaneous mai taro da kuma bayar da thermal rufi da kuma inji kariya daga ciki gabobin daga lalacewa. Mutumin (mata) babban taro na kitse a lokacin daukar ciki - ciki yankin. Wanne shi ne kuma na'urar ga kariya da tayin da bumps, collisions da sauran tsoma.

Bugu da ƙari kuma, phospholipids taka muhimmiyar rawa a kunna sunadarai, da kuma ji ba gani, aiki a jini coagulation. Tun da wannan tsari ne ma mai tsaro na'urar jiki, da aikin na kitse a cikin wannan yanayin ne guda.