A labari na Archimedes da kuma taƙaitaccen biography na kimiyyar

Girka ba a banza ne dauke da shimfiɗar jariri, Western al'adu, domin shi ne a kan wannan albarka ƙasar, wanke ta da dumi ruwan Bahar Rum, ya rayu, kuma Ya halitta m masana kimiyya. A jerin sunayen mutanen da suka aza harsashin ginin kimiyyar zamani, zai dauki fiye da daya shafi. Za mu mayar da hankali a kan daya daga cikinsu - lissafi, kimiyyar lissafi, kuma aikin injiniya. Bayani game da gaske mai girma hankali ne da yawa, da kuma labari na Archimedes da aka sani ga kowane schoolchild. Za mu gaya muku abin da irin mutum, kuma abin da suka aikata na bashi da shi, dukkan zuriya daga maza.

A bit da wani baiwa

A labari na Archimedes, ba shakka, ban sha'awa. Amma da farko za mu so mu gaya kadan game da masanin kimiyya. Biography of sanannen Greek zo mana a cikin gabatar da wannan tsoho mawallafa a matsayin tit Livy, Vitruvius, Cicero, Polybius, Plutarch. Kowace daga cikinsu ya rayu da yawa daga baya fiye da Archimedes, don haka ba za ka iya jayayya da cewa abubuwan da suka faru da aka bayyana da su gaskiya ne.

Future baiwa aka haife shi a Syracuse, a Sicily. Zai yiwu Archimedes dangi na gwamnan birnin Hiero II. Passion for kimiyya ya shuka mahaifinsa, Phidias, sanannen falaki da lissafi. Kuma ya yi karatu a Alexandria, da most al'adu da kuma kimiyya cibiyar na lokaci.

Ko dogon kafin labari na Archimedes, baiwa hadu da fice mutane, Conon da Eratosthenes, wanda sa'an nan corresponded rayuwa. Ya zauna for hours a cikin shahararrun library cikin abin da aka tattara fiye da ɗari bakwai dubu rubuce-rubucen. A nan ne Archimedes samu damar samun matsahi na saba da rubuce-rubucen Democritus da Eudoxus, to wanda ya sau da yawa ake magana a kai daga baya a cikin rubuce-rubucen.

Malaman tarihi sun ce cewa, bayan kammala horo, Archimedes koma garinsu, inda ya ji daɗi da girmamawa da kuma bai bukatar kudi.

Scientist da kuma kambi

Akwai ba wani labari na Archimedes, da yawa daga gare su, saboda masanin kimiyya a yanzu da kuma nan da wani abu ƙirƙira shi, gudanar da bincike, ya yi aiki. A mafi m daga gare su suke saba mana daga makaranta. Wannan shi ne labari na Archimedes game da kambi. A takaice bayyana ta ainihi.

Da zarar wani m sarki Hiero so ganin idan ya maƙeran zinariya cheated ta yin rawanin zinariya a gare shi. Ya yi umurni da masana kimiyya domin sanin ko da gaske ado sanya tsantsa daraja karfe. A wahala a kayyade da ikon yinsa, daga cikin Crown, kamar yadda yana da wani sababbu siffar. Nuna a kan aiki, Archimedes sami hanyar magance shi: nutsad da samfurin a cikin ruwa da kuma auna girma na ruwa gudun hijira da shi. A lokaci guda a matsayin labari na Archimedes, baiwa ce "Eureka!", Wanne fassara a matsayin "found". Kuma kimiyya ne gano hydrostatic shiga a matsayin Archimedes 'manufa.

Yadda za a juya Duniya?

Amma mu sani, da kuma wani labari na Archimedes (photo kasa). Malaman tarihi sun ce cewa mai mulkin Syracuse umurce su da su gina wani nauyi mnogopalubny jirgin, wanda aka yi nufi a matsayin kyauta zuwa Talomi, Masar sarki. Amma bayan ba ya iya samun kan ruwa, da kuma a nan ya zo da taimakon Archimedes. Ya gina a kusa da jirgin dukan tsarin na tubalan da kuma yin amfani da ikon yin amfani saukin jimre da aiki. Wannan lokacin da ya kirkiro haife aphorism: "Ka ba ni da wani fulcrum kuma zan matsawa duniya."

Sami Ceto Syracuse

Amazing ƙirƙirãwa na masanin kimiyyar tsĩrar da garinsu daga hallaka. Wannan shi ne wani labari na Archimedes (a cikin kimiyyar lissafi, ku haƙĩƙa karatu shi). Saboda haka, bisa ga Malaman tarihi injiniya baiwa, a 212 BC. e. Roman legions kewaye Syracuse. A lokacin na biyu Punic yaki, mu gwarzo ne game da 75 years old. Amma tunaninsa ya har yanzu sauri da kuma na bincike.

Saboda haka, Archimedes ɓullo da zane na iko catapults, wanda ya jefa cikin sojojin Marcellus duwatsu. Don kubuta daga wannan wuta, Roman sojojin da suka garzaya da ganuwar Syracuse. Amma akwai suka kuma jiran wani m mamaki - haske catapults. Bugu da kari, 'yan ƙasa (watakila tare da taimakon wani masanin kimiyyar) gina cranes, wanda kãma jirãge, tãyar da su, sa'an nan jẽfar da nutsar. A invaders tattara.

Wani version ce da Madawwami City jiragen ruwa a lokacin da kewaye da aka ƙone da wuta, wanda ya samo asali a cikin aikace-aikace na madubai ko incendiary. Duk da haka, idan baya Legends aka gwada da kuma tabbatar da zamani masana kimiyya, da wuta da Syracuse har yanzu dauke kyau hikaya.

Karshen rayuwa

A sakamakon da cin amana da Syracuse tukuna aka kama da Romawa a cikin shekara. Archimedes, wanda ya cece garin baya farauto. Akwai hudu versions na masanin kimiyya ta mutuwa, amma su duka tafasa saukar da gaskiyar cewa tsohon mutumin hacked zuwa mutuwa ta sojoji. Yaki Marcellus ya husata don koyi da mutuwar wani shahararren mutum, ya kuma ba shi da wani mai kyau binne. Da masu kisankai da aka kashe. Yau a Syracuse, za ka iya ganin dutse kabarin Archimedes, gina ƙarni biyu bayan mutuwarsa. Amma masana harkokin kimiyya ci gaba da rayuwa a cikin zukatan mutanen a matsayin mafi shahara kirkiro da suka gabata, a matsayin mai ceto na ƙasarsa ta gari, da kuma masu biyayya bawan kimiyya.