New York Stock Exchange - daya daga cikin tsofaffin a duniya. Tarihi na New York Stock Exchange

New York daya daga cikin ashirin da mafi m, kuma mafi girma a birane a duniya. A mataki na ci gaba da wannan birni za a iya hukunta da halin rayuwarsu, da yawan yawa, kazalika da wata babbar tasiri a kan kudi kasuwanni, a duniya. New York - mafi tsufa kuma mafi girma a kudi na tsakiya na kudin kasuwar na Arewacin Amirka. Shi ne mafi girma a duniya da kuma manyan a cikin US stock musayar NYSE, wanda aka gaskiya daukarsa a matsayin wata alama kudi ikon da United States of America.

Bango na NYSE

Har zuwa karshen da XVIII karni kulla sana'a kamar yadda irin wannan bai wanzu ba. 'Yan kasuwa na lokaci sha'awar cinikayya kulla fiye Securities. Tallace-tallace da sayayya sanya a cikin hotel da dakuna da kuma kofi shagunan, tare Wall Street. Hasashe a Securities (CB) ya zama wani abu aiki na dillalai kawai sau daya a 1790 a kan kasuwar da aka bayar shaidu tabbacin da gwamnatin {asar Amirka. Dealers suke da sha'awar a cikin kaya, da kuma dillalai sayar Securities fara raba su da ayyukan. Mafi sau da yawa, da fatauci ya faru a kan Securities karkashin sycamore itacen da girma a Wall Street, a kusa da gidan №68. Auctioneers da dillalai da ya nema ya monopolize duk ma'amaloli a kan tallace-tallace na Securities, inflated kudade, sakamakon duk yadda ake gudanar da saye da sayarwa na shaidu da kuma hannun jari tabbas ta jihar, shi ya zama marasa amfani baki ɗaya.

FarawaEND_LINK NYSE

A farko ƙoƙari don canja halin wannan tarihi ya gamuwa da manyan dillalai a cikin «Corre ta» haraba. A karshen, May 17, 1792 da mafi daraja dillalai hannu cikin shahararrun "Yarjejeniyar karkashin jirgin sama itace." A rubutu na yarjejeniya da aka takaice, da manufofin - m. A farko gwanjo ma'amaloli da aka gudanar a ranar uku daban na gwamnatin da hannun jari na biyu bankuna. Dillalai da aka yarda su sayar Securities kawai ga juna, da kuma kudade da aka gyarawa 0.25% na ma'amala darajar. Wannan yarjejeniya da aka shaida da haihuwa na New York Stock Exchange.

NYSE gini

A farkon aikinsa dillalai takalman dakin da ɗari biyu daloli. Wannan shi ne na farko daki, abin da suka bauta wa New York Stock Exchange. Address na kudi ma'aikata da aka jera a matsayin Wall Street, 40. A cikin karni na sha tara da kasuwar sau da yawa ƙone, canza ta imel. Domin da karni biyu, ta riba karu zuwa irin wannan har a 1903 da gwamnati da aka iya zane da kuma ginawa da musayar ginin. Architect George Post ta fara. Da farko, da NYSE gini ne mai gidan, kamar Greek Haikalin, tare da kowanne kofa pediment da shida ginshikan a kan facade. A jimla na aikin zambar miliyan 4. USD. Daga baya aka overbuilt wani 22 benaye, wanda zai zaunar da sabon ciniki bene na kudi inji, wanda alfahari New York. A stock musayar, wanda adireshin ne 11 Wall Street, da aka sani zuwa ga wani American da baƙi. A dakin aiki har sai 1978. Sa'an nan NYSE NYSE koma zuwa wasu adiresoshin, da kuma ginin ya zama dũkiyar Amurka kasa.

A tarihin abin da ya faru na kasa flag a kan babban pediment musayar jiki. Saboda da farko na babban mawuyacin , da yawa matalauta masu hannun jari kashe kansa da tsalle daga windows na ginin. Bayan wannan, gwamnatin da ya kafa da baƙin ƙarfe sanduna a kan windows. Don reputable kudi cibiyoyin bai yi kama da wani kurkuku, aka yanke shawarar rufe wadannan raga Amurka kasa flag.

A gini a halin yanzu rufe da NYSE, amma baƙi daga New York yarda dauki hotuna da tsohon gini, a yankunan Broad Street da kuma Wall Street, wadda ta kasance New York Stock Exchange. Hotuna da gidan da aka sani zuwa yawon bude ido daga ko'ina cikin duniya.

NYSE a karni na ashirin

A lokacin ta zama da New York Stock Exchange ya samu da yawa rubucen da kuma hambarar da. Sau da yawa da shi umurnin da aka dakatar, misali, a watan Oktoba shekara ta 1929 saboda da farko na "Great mawuyacin" a watan Oktoba 1987, a lokacin da Dow Jones sha wahala mafi zurfi drop. M, kuma shi ya fara a watan Oktoba na shekarar 2012, a lokacin da kasuwar tsaya ta aiki saboda da gabatowa "Sandy" guguwa. A halin yanzu, da ayyukan da ake kayyade da kuma kulawan musamman jiki - Jihar Hukumar Securities da Exchange Commission. Shi ne da stock musayar New York ya ci gaba da gabatar da Dow Jones index, wanda shi ne mafi muhimmanci siga kwaso Central Bank.

NYSE yau

Tun shekarar 1975, da New York Stock Exchange ba da matsayi na ba riba kungiyar wanda dukiya mallakar a 1366 mutane. Place a kan stock musayar za a iya sayi da sayar. A ranar, da kudin na wannan kamfani memba wurin zama ne game 3 dala miliyan ƙarami ya kulla a cikin tarihi na stock musayar - .. talatin William J. O'Neil .. Shi ya halicci kullum US babban bankin database. Haka ya faru a cikin shekaru 60 da karni na ashirin da.

NYSE ne daban-daban daga sauran mu'amala da cewa su ne sosai yayi cikakkar ya shafi kamfanoni da cewa wakiltar babban bankin domin ta ma'amaloli. Wadannan kamfanonin dole ne bi da sharuddan da listing. Wadannan yanayi - wasu daga cikin mafi tsanani daga sauran stock mu'amala a duniya. Kamfanoni da cewa an jera, suna dauke da mafi m. A halin yanzu, listing bukatun na NYSE hadu 2800 duniya-aji kamfanonin, da kuma kawai 450 daga cikinsu suna ba rajista a Amurka. A cikin irin harshe na dabam daga dillalai irin kamfanonin ake kira "blue kwakwalwan kwamfuta".

Ta yaya da NYSE?

An kafa kudi inji ezhemenutno kayyade kudin da daban-daban kamfanoni ko ina a duniya - da cewa shi ne abin da yake a yanzu New York Stock Exchange. Hours ofisoshin daga 9:30 zuwa 16:00 (New York lokaci). musayar aiki kaiwa Kwararru musamman masana. NYSE ma'aikata ne da alhakin domin na ciniki a kan stock musayar kuma liquidity goyon baya. Specialist mediates ma'amaloli tsakanin masu saye da masu sayarwa, da tallace-tallace tsari farawa. A taron na wani rashin daidaituwa tsakanin wadata da kuma bukatar, gwani na da hakkin ya yi amfani da kamfanin kudi don kiyaye kudin na Central Bank. Bugu da kari, musayar kwararru ne bude littafin - tef quotes na daban-daban Securities a real lokaci, yi da aikace-aikace da kuma oda da masu da kuma saye da Securities.

Bayan kwararru, da musayar aka samu halartar irin wannan dillalai:

- mutane wakiltar kamfanoni daga jerin jera kamfanoni.

- mutane wakiltar juna da kuma fensho zaman kansa kudi hukumomi masu zuba jari;

- mutane da suke akayi daban-daban kashe Securities.

- m dillalai (Independent dillalai), wanda wuri umarni na su abokan ciniki.

- mutane wakiltar Brokerage gidaje, da kuma manyan gwanjo a madadin wasu Brokerage kamfanonin NYSE Member Brokerage kamfanonin.

- dillalai "a kasa» Floor dillalai. Waɗannan su ne mutanen da suke wakkala a gare su daga fatauci ne, hannun jari. A halin yanzu a kan bene na stock musayar ne ashirin posts, kowanne daga abin da Ya zuwa talatin sassa. Daya kulla ne game da talatin hannun jari. Yawanci, da kulla a kasa - wani gwani wanda yana da wata babbar kwarewa na aiki a kan Stock Exchange.

Modern ayyukan Stock Exchange NYSE yana kasa da kasa hali. Daga cikin nasarar NYSE dogara tattalin arziki na kasashen da dama, ciki har da irin wannan manyan matsayin Sin da Rasha. A gasa na kasa, da rawar a cikin kowa duniya matakai dogara da nasara da kuma samun riba daga cikin manyan kamfanoni a wannan kasa. Kuma cikin ayyukan da NYSE, kazalika da sauran stock mu'amala a duniya, an directed a ci gaban tattalin arzikin duniya a matsayin dukan, ba rarraba kamfanin ta hannun jari da kuma ta nahiyoyi da kuma kasashe.