Ƙuna

Production na ƙuna fara a lokacin yakin duniya na farko a Jamus. A Rasha, na farko foda aka saki a 1953. Yana da aka kira "News", kuma an hada a kayayyakin samu daga kashalotovogo hydrogenated kitse.

Roba ƙuna ne multicomponent garwayayye abubuwa. Su ruwa-ruwa mafita aka yi amfani ga decontamination. Roba ƙuna hada da mafi yawa (sai dai kai tsaye abu don wanka sinadaran - surfactant) salts na inorganic acid (carbonates, phosphates), wanda bunkasa ayyuka na cakuda. Bugu da ƙari kuma, mafita rajista a Bleach da Bleach sinadaran, antifoams ko foaming jamiái, colorants, dadin dandano, da sauransu.

Surface aiki jamiái (ko surfactants) ne gudanar da mahadi wanda da surface sakamako. Suna kuma iya samar da Semi bayani da kuma kumfa. Surface aiki jamiái taimaka wajen rage mai ruwa-ruwa surface tashin hankali, game da shi kara da wetting Properties na ruwa.

Cakuda domin tsabtace ne zuwa kashi da dama iri:

1. Alkilammoniyhloridy.
2. Alkylarylsulfonates.
3. Alkylsulfonates.
4. Sulfates.
5. Alkyl carbonates (sabulu).

Sabulu aka samar da refining raw kitse. Sulfonates da sulfates - wani roba ƙuna. Duk da haduwa aka bayyana a sama suna kasafta a matsayin ionic (ion janareto) abubuwa. suka decompose a ruwa-ruwa bayani (barranta) a cikin ions.

Akwai kuma wadanda ba ionic cakuda. Ba su dissociate a ruwa, amma narkar da shi. Wannan shi ne saboda kasancewar hydrophilic kungiyoyin a cikin kwayoyin (OH, msl) a babban adadin.

Nonionic surfactants iya zama na halitta ko roba asalin. A karshe - kwayoyi OH Categories kafa ethylene oxide da phenols, m alcohols.

Duk da cewa da surfactants ne babban aka gyara cewa yin up ƙuna, su tsabtace sakamako ne mai rauni a kanta. A wannan connection, don bunkasa aiki kara wa cakuda alkaline da kuma tsaka tsaki salts, brighteners, enzymes (enzymes) kumfa cakosoban.

Saboda gaban alkaline salts da aka inganta colloidal tsarin da Emulsifying ikon mafita. Wadannan aka gyara taimakawa wajen mafi robust abu don wanka fim game da gurbatawa barbashi. Bugu da ƙari, saboda da Alkali salts na tausasa ruwa da kuma Halicci m yanayi domin tsaftacewa (wanka) na daban-daban kyallen takarda. Alal misali, don wanka lilin da kuma auduga kayayyakin ne kuxi don amfani da karfi alkaline wakili (trisodium phosphate, soda).

Hexametaphosphate suranta wani ɓangare na abu don wanka yanayi dan kadan acidic. Wadannan yanayi ne sosai m don wanka ulu.

Sodium sulfate ne classified a matsayin fillers. Wadannan aka gyara taimakawa wajen inganta tsarin na colloidal mafita. A amfani da bleaching jamiái matsayin Additives gusar da bukatar bluing wanki.

Domin karfafawa da kuma kyautata a cikin foaming Properties na ƙuna amfani alkylolamides - kumfa cakosoban.

Akwai uku main iri roba ƙuna. Da aka fi amfani wanka foda cakuda. Liquid ƙuna yanzu ana gabatar da kasuwar na iyali sunadarai rayayye. Pasty cakuda yanzu amfani da kasa akai-akai.

Daga cikin babban mabukaci kaddarorin abu don wanka garwayayye za a iya ambata detergency, antiresorbtsionnuyu (ikon riƙe datti a cikin bayani) da kuma foaming aiki. Yana da muhimmanci PH daga cikin matsakaici bayani.