Zika zazzabi: haddasawa, cututtuka, magani, yin rigakafi

wata babbar lamba na ƙwayoyin cuta ba a cikin yanayi. Kwayoyin da cewa ba za a iya gani da ido tsirara, sa wani mutum daban-daban cututtuka. Wasu daga cikin pathogens ma da kai ga mutuwa. Zeke ne mai matukar hatsari cutar.

A causative wakili da cutar

Zika zazzabi - wata cuta da cewa yana sa da cutar daga cikin wannan sunan. Shi ne mai memba na HALITTAR Flavivirus. A karo na farko da cutar da aka gano a cikin jini a 1947 birai da cewa rayuwa a cikin gandun daji Sika (Uganda). Wannan shi ne dalilin da ya sa wannan sunan shi ne causative wakili na zazzabi.

A shekara ta 1948, Zika cutar, masana kimiyya sun gano a cikin sauro da cewa ya rayu a cikin wannan gandun daji. Nazarin da aka gudanar a nan gaba da masana ya nuna cewa pathogen iya harba mutane. Lokuta da mutum kamuwa da cuta da aka gano a cikin 1952 (Uganda da kuma kasar Tanzaniya).

A baza na zazzabi

Wannan cuta a kan wani dogon lokaci da aka dauke m. Akwai sun kasance ba annobar cutar hade da wannan cuta, kamar zazzabi Zika. A wasu ƙasashe su gane causative wakili? Antibodies da cutar da aka gano a cikin mutane a Afirka da kuma Kudu-East Asia (Misira, India, Vietnam, Indonesia, da Jamhuriyar Afrika ta Tsakiya, Thailand, da dai sauransu). Interest a cutar ta bayyana a tsakanin masu bincike a cikin 'yan shekarun nan, lokacin da kamuwa da cuta ta fara yada hanzari bayan ta kewayo.

A farko barkewar zazzabi Sika aka jera a kan tsibirin na Yap a cikin Pacific Ocean, da kuma wani bangare ne na cikin Jihohin Tarayyan Micronesia. Bayan dakin gwaje-gwaje gwaje-gwaje tabbatar 49 lokuta da kamuwa da cuta. A 'yan shekarun baya, wani fashewa da aka rajista a Faransa Polynesia. A 2013-2014, 32 dubu. Mutane da aka surveyed. National kula da tsarin ya rajista fiye da 8 da dubu. Ake zargi da laifi lokuta da cutar. Daga cikin wadannan, 383 mutane tabbatar BVVZ (wata cuta lalacewa ta hanyar wani virus Zika) bayan dakin gwaje-gwaje gwaje-gwaje.

A 2014, cutar zo ga Kudancin Amirka. Zika zazzabi aka gane a cikin mazauna na Easter Island. Game da shekara daga baya da RNA da pathogen da aka samu a cikin mutanen da suke rayuwa a Arewa maso ɓangare na Brazil. Daga Janairu 2015 a kan Fabrairu 2016 lokuta na kamuwa da cuta da cutar da aka rubuta a cikin kasashe 44. BVVZ zama duniya matsala.

A farko idan na zazzabi Zika a Rasha

A Australia, China, Japan, Canada da kuma Turai rubuce kawai "shigo" lokuta. idan na isar da zazzabi ma rubuta a Rasha Zeke yawon shakatawa, koma zuwa ga mahaifarsa. Mace (shekaru - 36 years) da wani sauran a Dominican Republic, a lokacin daga 27 ga watan Janairu zuwa 3 Fabrairu 2016. Sau da yawa ta cije ni da sauro, saboda wanda cuta bayyana.

Zika zazzabi bayyana a cikin rana na dawo. Tourist ji rauni, rashin jin daɗi a cikin ciki. Isa a Rasha, ta fara lura a wadannan cututtuka: sako-sako da stools, ciwon kai, kurji a kan kirji da makamai, da zazzaɓi. A 'yan kwanaki bayan da dawowar matar da aka kwantar a Jihar matsakaici mai tsanani. Likitoci sun lura ta oropharynx hyperemia, kananan rash a kan fuskarsa, akwati da kuma wata gabar jiki, da karuwa a mahaifa Lymph nodes, zazzabi har zuwa 38 digiri.

Gabatar bayyanar cututtuka ya sa likitoci to zaton gaban daya daga cikin cututtuka irin dengue zazzabi da kuma Zeke. A lura za a iya wajabta kawai bayan daidai ganewar asali. A kwararru dauki a dakin gwaje-gwaje samfurori da fitsari da kuma jini gwaje-gwaje. A cikin shakka daga karatu sun samu kwayar RNA Zika.

Canja wuri da pathogen ta hanyar cizon

Dako da cutar ne sauro na HALITTAR Aedes (Ae. Africanus, Ae. Aegypti, Ae. Albopictus). A pathogen shiga jiki na cizon kwari bayan marasa lafiya mannyan birai. Yadda ake kamuwa da birai - a tambaya da amsar wanda ba zai iya samar da kimiyyar zamani. Tafki da cutar a cikin yanayi ne ba a sani ba.

Mutane Zika zazzabi ya auku bayan tsotsa daga kamuwa da sauro. A lokacin da cizo ƙwayoyin cuta shiga jikin mutum, an rarraba kan shi tare da wani halin yanzu na jini. Wannan pathogen watsa hanyar da aka kira transmissible.

Jima'i watsa daga cikin virus

Mutanen da suka kamu da Zika zazzabi, da pathogen da aka gano ba kawai a cikin jini da kuma magani, amma kuma a cikin maniyyi, ta farji secretions. Wannan hujja a yarda da masana bayar da shawarar cewa transmissive yanayin na watsa ba musamman. A cutar za a iya shigar da jikin da lafiya mutum a lokacin kawance tãre da mãsu haƙuri.

Transfer zazzabi jima'i Sika rubuce a Faransa, Italiya, da Amurka, New Zealand da kuma Argentina. A causative wakili na cutar da ake kuma gano a cikin yau, fitsari na rashin lafiya mutane. Duk da haka, akwai a halin yanzu babu wata shaidar da goyon baya ga yiwuwar yaduwar cutar ta hanyar saduwa da ce jiki ruwaye.

Transmission da cutar da tayin lokacin daukar ciki ko haihuwa

Zika da zazzabi za a iya daukar kwayar cutar zuwa jariri a lokacin daukar ciki ko haihuwa. Transplacental tsaye watsa daga cikin virus tsokani intrauterine kamuwa da cuta da kuma bayyanar malformations. Kamuwa da ke faruwa a lokacin haihuwa, haddasa nakasar kamuwa da cuta.

Intrauterine kamuwa da cuta iya sa:

• zuwa tsakiya m tsarin.
• fetal girma retardation.
• placental insufficiency .
• fetal mutuwa.

Zeke a wani zazzabi farkon a ciki kusantar wajen samar da microcephaly. Wannan lokaci masana fahimta ma kananan kwanyar da kuma kwakwalwa. Yara da suke da wannan wahala, bayan haihuwar shugaban da aka ba girma. Microcephaly - a fairly m yanayin. Duk da haka, a 2015-2016 yawan yaran da aka haifa tare da wannan Pathology ya karu da yawa. Wannan shi ne saboda zazzabi Zika. A wannan lokacin sun kasance fiye da 5 dubu. Haihuwar jariran da microcephaly daga uwaye mata kamuwa da cutar.

cututtuka

Bayan da aka ta cije sauro da cewa shi ne m da cutar, da shiryawa zamani fara. Its tsawon na iya zama daga 3 days to makonni 2. farko da bayyanar cututtuka faruwa bayan an shiryawa zamani. Ya kamata a lura da cewa na asibiti manifestations da cutar tasowa a kawai 20-25% na kamu mutane. Don likitoci da za a iya zargin na da irin wannan cuta, kamar zazzabi Zeke, da wadannan cututtuka da ya kamata a lura:

• guda zazzabi.
• kurji a akwati da extremities.
• hadin gwiwa zafi.
• kumburi da mucous membranes da idanu.

Wasu marasa lafiya koka zafi a tsokoki da kuma ciki, m kuma m sako-sako da stools, amai, pruritus. Duk da haka, wadannan cututtuka da zazzabi Zika bayyana sosai da wuya.

Aikin ne

A jini da jini magani, yau, fitsari, maniyyin - abu dace da ganewa na irin cututtuka kamar zazzabi Zika. Ganewar asali za a iya yi a kan cerebrospinal da ruwar, idan ya cancanta, daga wajen cibiya igiyar jini. Lokacin da mutuwar wani mutum nazari samfurori na ciki gabobin (hanta, koda, kwakwalwa, huhu).

M kwararru samar kawai jini daukan samfur. Wannan hanya da aka yi da safe. Jini a allo nuna a 3-4 ml gwajin tube tare da anticoagulant. To, shi ne centrifuged ya sami plaza. Takaita samfurin kwararru adana kafin da polymerase sarkar dauki (PCR):

• ba fiye da kwanaki 5 a zazzabi na 4-8 digiri Celsius.
• domin 1 shekara a debe 6-20 digiri.
• a kan wani Extended lokaci a zazzabi na -70 digiri Celsius.

magani ta shirya misali hanyoyin. An adana har aiwatar da serological da kwayoyin kayyade karatu a cikin bincike halaye kamar jini.

Ganewar asali ne yarda da su ciyar 5-7 kwanaki na rashin lafiya, da kuma a 7-10 kwanaki. A cikin makon farko na cutar da polymerase sarkar dauki (PCR) a cikin jini samfurori tattara saukar Zika zazzabi cutar - wajen da RNA. IgM antibodies aka gano game da 5-6 days na zazzabi. By karshen mako na biyu na rashin lafiya bayyana IgG aji antibodies a cikin jini da kamuwa da mutane.

zazzabi magani

A duk ƙasashe, fãce Rasha, arin mutane da bayyanar cututtuka da cutar lalacewa ta hanyar wani virus Zika yi kawai idan asibiti nuna. A Rasha, duk abin da yake daban-daban. All marasa lafiya da m bayyanar cututtuka suna asibiti a cikin cututtuka asibiti inda ya ke jurewa gwaje-gwaje.

Zika da zazzabi, wanda bayyanar cututtuka bayyana, na faruwa yawanci m. Doctors rubũta marasa lafiya antipyretics bayar da shawarar da yalwa da sauran da kuma sha yalwa da ruwaye. Causal magani da za a iya kawar da hanyar Zika zazzabi ba ya wanzu. Cibiyoyin bincike da kuma na kasa da kasa da kamfanonin suna aiki wajen samar da antiviral kwayoyi. Amma ba ta riga ta gudanar ya ci gaba da samfurin cewa zai iya halakar da pathogen a cikin jikin mutum.

Musamman hankali ya kamata a biya su gudanar da mata masu juna biyu da zazzabi Zika. Lokacin da ganewar asali daga cutar ga mata da suke su ne a wani wuri ba da shawarar acetylsalicylic acid. A farko trimester ciki wajibi ne don kammala binciken. Aka gudanar da duban dan tayi dabaru ana amfani da masu cin zali prenatal ganewar asali. A sakamakon samu damar mu mu warware tambaya na adana ciki.

zai yiwu rikitarwa

A 2015, da fashewa daga BVVZ a Brazil aka rajista. Masana sun tantance halin da ake ciki, ya ce cewa girma yawan kamuwa da mutane ya karu da yawan marasa lafiya da Guillain-Barre ciwo. Wannan shi ne yanayin a cikin abin da mutum rigakafi da tsarin rinjayar da na gefe m tsarin.

A mafi yawan lokuta, mutane da Guillain-Barre ciwo ne m. Marasa lafiya lura a cikin wani rauni da tingling a cikin ƙananan kuma babba extremities. Wasu mutane suna da wani inna na kafafu, hannaye, fuska tsokoki. A tsanani lokuta na Guillain-Barre ciwo take kaiwa zuwa inna na numfashi tsokoki, sakamakon bugun zuciya. A sakamakon haka, mutuwa ta auku.

Marasa lafiya da Guillain-Barre ciwo, zazzabi sa Zika, dole ne a kula a hankali (na bukatar saka idanu na jini, bugun zuciya, numfasawa). Wannan shi ne dalilin da ya sa rashin lafiya mutane, har ma a cikin m rikitarwa cewa an kwantar.

m matakan

Domin ba za a fuskanci irin wannan cuta, kamar zazzabi Zika, rigakafin kasance da wadannan:

1. Mutanen da suka zabi wurin for your hutu kasashen waje, yana da daraja biya da hankali ga kasashen da suke da m a ANNOBA sharuddan.
2. Idan hutu da aka shirya a jihar, inda kafofin da zazzabin cizon sauro, shi ne bu mai kyau ya dauki kwari m. Za ka iya amfani da haske launin tufafi da yake rufe mafi na jiki don kare shi daga kwari.
3. A cikin hotel-hotel ba bude windows sai dai idan suna sanye take da gidan sauro.
4. Kana bukatar kuma ka kauce wa ziyartar dausayi. Ruwa kwantena (tayoyin, flower tukwane) ya kamata a wofintar da kuma tsabtace (ko wani abu ya rufe), domin sauro son rigar da sanyi yanayi.

Kada ka manta kuma da cewa BVVZ za a iya daukar kwayar cutar jima'i. Bayan ya dawo daga wani biki a cikin 8 makonni (ba tare da bayyanar cututtuka), ya bi mafi aminci jima'i (amfani da robar hana ko kauce wa m lamba). A farko alamun cutar da wannan hanya ta rayuwa za su fitina ga 6 watanni (a kalla).

A ƙarshe, shi ne ya kamata a lura da cewa Zika zazzabi (asibiti, epidemiology, magani da kuma rigakafin cutar) - a zafi topic. Rashin lafiya, wanda aka ba a dauki tsanani na dogon lokaci, a cikin 'yan shekarun nan ya zama wata barazana ga lafiya da rayuwar mafi yawan mutane a duniya. A halin yanzu BVVZ har yanzu ba gaba daya gane: ba su sani ba duk da matsalolin da suka taso saboda da pathogen da za a ci gaba da alluran da kwayoyi da cutar. Zai yiwu wadannan al'amurran da suka shafi za a warware a nan gaba, saboda kungiyoyin kasa da kasa da kuma cibiyoyin bincike, suna aiki ne a cikin wadannan yankunan.