Yoshkar-Ola: jan hankali, hotuna da kuma sake dubawa

"Red City" - don haka fassara da sunan ga Mari Mari El babban birnin kasar. Duk wanda ya samu damar zo nan kwanan nan, bai boye masa mamaki da alama a kansu, Yoshkar-Ola. Tarik nan ne sosai sabon abu, da yawa daga cikinsu sun bayyana kwanan nan.

daga baya

History of Yoshkar-Ola fara a cewa m lokaci a lokacin da Mari ƙasar da aka annexed zuwa Rasha bayan da shan kashi na Kazan Khanate sojojin Ivana Groznogo a tsakiyar 16th karni. Tsarev birni a kan kogin Kokshaga ko Tsarevokokshaisk, farko da aka ambata a cikin tarihin a 1584, ko da yake zargin archaeologists, a cikin Mesolithic mutane riga zaune a ƙasar.

City fara kashe tare da wani sansanin soja da gina don kare ƙasar da kuma za'ayi na musamman soja aiki. Gudanar sansanin soja gwamnan, ga hannunsa ya zama ba kawai wani soja amma kuma administrative, kasafin kudi da kuma shari'a hukumomi. A hankali shi ya fara bayyana yan kasuwa, sana'a, manoma, wanda aka ba yakan zauna a cikin birnin da kuma shagaltar da ƙasar a kusa da shi. Wannan shi ne yadda za a townsmen, garuruwanta da ƙauyukanta.

mu lokaci

Modern Yoshkar-Ola kafa a lokaci daga 1941 zuwa 1990, kuma ya ci gaba da za a gina a yau. Musamman canza ta bayyanar a kan na karshe shekaru 10, bayan da "Capital" na shirin da aka amince da birnin.

Updated birni tare da wani mai arziki da kuma wata babbar cibiyar al'adu na Finno-Ugric al'umma - wannan bayyana mana zamani Yoshkar-Ola. Tarik da suke tabbatar da za a gani - ne al'adance, a tarihince da kuma gine-gine da Monuments, nuna da daban-daban lokaci na ci gaba a yankin. Daga cikin wadannan tsofaffin gidajen qasaita, majami'u, tarihi gine-gine, murabba'ai, da kuma da yawa sculptures. An muhimmiyar rawa a cikin al'adu da rai daga cikin babban birnin Mari El suna wasa sinimomi da gidajen tarihi.

sinimomi

M Theatrical rai na Yoshkar-Ola gabatar duk da classic siffofin Theatrical art.

A shekarar 1968, a sakamakon hira da hada Drama Theater. Mayorov-Shketan Music kuma Drama wasan kwaikwayo da aka kafa. A shekara ta 1994 an sake masa suna. Saboda haka akwai Mari Jihar Opera da kuma rawa Theater. Eric Sapaev, mai suna Mari Soviet mawaki, marubucin na farko na kasa wasar kwaikwayo ta waka. Dalili na abun da ke ciki digiri na choreographic makarantu da conservatories a Moscow, Birnin Leningrad, Kazan, Perm, Gorky. Don haka, matasa wasan kwaikwayo da kuma na kasa yin makaranta ya fara da samuwar. A ranar da mataki shi da aka tsĩrar game da 50 classic da na zamani da ayyukan rawa, wasar kwaikwayo ta waka da kuma operetta art da kuma yara plays. Yau, da sharhin hada da na kasa wasar kwaikwayo ta waka "Aldiar" E. Arkhipova, "Akpatyr" Sapaev, da rawa "Forest labari" mawaki A. Luppova. Pride Theater - Choreography: da rawa "The Nutcracker" da "Swan Lake" by Tchaikovsky, "Romeo Juliet" by Prokofiev, "Don Quixote" by Minkus. Fiye da shekaru 11 a gidan wasan kwaikwayo na kasa da kasa festival "Winter Nights" tare da sa hannu na wasar kwaikwayo ta waka da kuma rawa rawa daga Rasha, Italiya, Japan, America. A shekara ta 2002, sun fara gudanar da wani na duniya kawai festival sadaukar da babban yar rawa Galina Ulanova. Wasan kwaikwayo nasarar rangadin ba kawai a Rasha amma kuma kasashen waje. Wannan shi ne kasar Sin, Arab Emirates, Jamus, Koriya ta Kudu, Amurka ta tsakiya, Taiwan, Lebanon da kuma sauran ƙasashe. Yau, da gidan wasan kwaikwayo bautar wani sabon gini, gina ba haka ba da dadewa a gare shi. By equipping an dauke mafi kyau a cikin Volga yankin.

Mari National Drama Theater. Shketan, wanda shi ne mafi tsufa a kasar, ta fara tarihi da mai son productions a watan Nuwamba 1919. Tun shekara ta 1929, shi ne a sana'a al'adu ma'aikata, wanda daga baya ya zama daya daga cikin mafi kyau a Rasha. Wasan kwaikwayo ne rayayye da hannu a cikin duniyar wasan kwaikwayo rayuwa, yayin da rike su shaidar dan kasa. Na awards ya da aka bayar da "Golden Palm" - kyautar na Ƙungiyar na Turai sinimomi.

A babban birnin kasar na Mari El Academic Rasha Drama wasan kwaikwayo mai suna bayan G. Konstantinov, wanda aka kafa a 1919. A ta ci gaba da gudummawar da yawa gudanarwa. A mafi muhimmanci wajen nasa ne babba darektan Grigory Konstantinov, wanda yake a wannan wuri daga 1964 zuwa 1994. A nasa himma a 1993 aka halicci International Association of Rasha sinimomi, hedkwatar wanda aka located in Yoshkar-Ola. A cikin watan Satumba 1994, gidan wasan kwaikwayo da aka mai suna Konstantinov. A mataki na Rasha Drama Theater mataki wasanni na gargajiya da kuma na zamani da ayyukansu. Daga cikin mafi kyau da za a iya kira "Othello" by Shakespeare, "Sarki Theodore Ioanovich" A. K. Tolstogo, "gida na takaddamarsu" Rozov, "Easy Kudi" by Ostrovsky, "Filistiyawa" Gorky, "lamiri" Pavlova.

A shekarar 1991 a Yoshkar-Ola, a kan tushen da Rasha Drama wasan kwaikwayo mai suna bayan Konstantinov, Mari Matasa wasan kwaikwayo da aka bude. Yanzu da ya ke a cikin sharhin na 35 plays dangane da ayyukan kasa, Rasha da kuma kasashen waje litattafansu kuma na zamani wasan kwaikwayo. Domin duk lokacin da a kan mataki shi aka kawota fiye da 80 wasanni ga yara da kuma manya a cikin Mari da kuma Rasha harsuna. {Ungiyar Fasaha kullum ke kan yawon shakatawa a fadin Rasha da kuma kasashen waje.

gidajen tarihi

Tarihi, al'adu, hadisai da kuma rayuwa na Mari mutane suna nuna a cikin tarin na gidajen tarihi a Yoshkar-Ola daban-daban kwatance.

Museum of tarihi na birnin Yoshkar-Ola ne a cikin tarin na archaeological abubuwa, heraldry, ethnography, ayyukan lafiya da kuma amfani da art, hotunan. An housed a biyu-storey gini na ja bulo, wanda aka gina a 1911, a tsakiyar birnin. Wannan gidan, yanzu ayyana wani tarihi da kuma gine-gine abin tunawa na kasa muhimmanci, mallakar sanannen gida fatake katako fatake Chulkov. A tsohon m ta qasaita kunshi wani babban gini, an outbuilding da dutse ƙofofi, wanda aka yi wa ado da Art Nouveau abubuwa. A m nuni buga tarihin Yoshkar-Ola daga 1584 zuwa 1917. Masu ziyara zai koyi game da asalin na birni-sansanin soja na Tsarevo, game da yadda aka gina shi, ta ci gaba, rayuwa da kuma hadisai na 'yan kasa, da rabo daga shahararrun mutane. Kowane kakar akwai thematic nune-nunen. A halin yanzu, da Museum of Tarihi da birnin na Yoshkar-Ola maraba da photo nuni "City da kuma lokaci." A musamman hotunan za ka iya ganin abin da Yoshkar-Ola a shekaru daban-daban na karni na karshe. Wucin gadi nune-nunen daidai da rayuwa na zamani birni, ya gabatar wa harkokin kasuwanci, titi tarihi, m 'yan ƙasa, sadaka ayyuka.

Aiyuka Folk Arts Museum da aka bude ga baƙi a 1999, a wani gini da ya ayyana wani al'adu na Jamhuriyar Mari El. Wannan gidan da aka yi da itace da openwork sassaƙa da aka gina a farkon karni na 20th. Kafin juyin juya hali, da shi da aka mallakar da na gida gundumar majalisa Lokhanov dan kwangila. A gidan kayan gargajiya presents jama'a crafts, tarihi da kuma rayuwar da Mari mutane. Total tattara game da 250 abubuwa, ciki har da ethnographic abubuwa, samfurori da zane-zane, da kuma sana'o'i. Nan za ka iya ganin gargajiya kayayyaki da kõre da mai walƙiya, Sofas, sassaka ladles, kida, sanya ta sana'a. Museum of aiyuka Folk Arts shirya shekara-shekara bukukuwa da kuma nune-nunen.

A shekarar 1961, domin tunawa da farko Rasha mawaki, wanda ya zama kafa na kasa da masu sana'a music, aka bude tunawa gidan kayan gargajiya JS Klyuchnikova-Palant. An ayi a wani katako, gidan inda mawaki ya ciyar a karshe shekaru. A nuni ne located in uku da dakuna a cikin abin da sake ƙirƙirarsu gida kayayyakin wakilan lardin masana daga farkon karni na 20th. A nan ana kiyaye kwarai iyali abubuwa, furniture, rubuce-rubucen da kuma sauran abubuwa Palant yan uwa. A gidan kayan gargajiya runduna nune-nunen, music dare, laccoci, tarurruka da composers.

Art gidajen tarihi da kuma nune-nunen

Museum of Fine Arts na Jamhuriyar Mari El, wanda aka kafa a shekarar 1989, aiki a inda da dama. An located a wani gini da ya gina ta m Vladimir Babenko a 1980. Bugu da kari ga ayyukan Mari lafiya art da kuma amfani da art, a nan wakilta Rasha zanen, sassaka, graphics, kazalika da mutum ayyuka na Yammacin painters kuma mai hoto artists. A gidan kayan gargajiya runduna jama'a laccoci, inda za ka iya samun matsahi na saba da tarihin art, tare da duniya art tarihi, al'adu, art Mari. Its kudi ne dubu fiye 7. Storage raka'a. A gidan kayan gargajiya nuna zane-zane ta hanyar Rasha artists na karni na 19th (Serov, Shishkin, Makovsky, Yegorov). Ja hankalin masu ayyukan zamani Finno-Ugric art a cikin Genre etnosimvolizma da ethnofuturism. Wadannan su ne hotuna na Mari artists - A. Ivanova, S. Evdokimova, V. Bogolyubov, AI Efimova. Bugu da kari ga m nuni a cikin gidan kayan gargajiya ba za ka iya ziyarci nune-nunen da aka kai a kai sabunta.

National Gallery of Art - wannan shi ne babban baje kolin yanki na babban birnin kasar. Yana da aka kafa a shekara ta 2007 a matsayin wani reshe na Museum of Fine Arts. A gallery aka located a kan babban square na Yoshkar-Ola. Yana yana da mafi kayayyakin zamani: sauyin yanayi iko, video kula da wuta-yãƙi, musamman lighting, tsaro ƙararrawa, mobile lãbãri kayan aiki. A gallery gudanar da wani aiki nuni aiki. Baƙi samun matsahi na saba da aiki na Mari da kuma Rasha artists, gani artists jamhuriyoyin da Volga, kazalika da tarin na Rasha gidajen tarihi. Akwai duniya-aji nune-nunen. A tsawon shekaru, da gallery na Mari El mazauna samu damar ganin ayyukan Edgara Dega, Dali, Ilya Glazunov, Nikas Safronov, Benua De Stetto. A site daga cikin mafi girma nuna tarin rossiyskiyh gidajen tarihi: da Tretyakov Gallery, da Zlatoust makamai gidan kayan gargajiya, da Amber Museum (Kaliningrad). A mafi nasara sun kasance da wadannan nune-nunen:

• "Koma. Daga Turai zuwa Rasha, "Benua De Stetto.
• "Faces of Time" - game da al'adu na Mari yankin.
• Personal nuni da artist Nikas Safronov.
• Photo nuni "Private Collection" E. Kirsimeti.
• "Gold na Baltic Sea" - daga tarin na Amber Museum a Kaliningrad.

Bayan bude a cikin gallery na rumfa reshe na jihar Rasha Museum mazauna Yoshkar-Ola ne a gida don samun matsahi na saba da Masterpieces na zane-zane, daga cikin mafi girma gidajen tarihi na arewacin babban birnin kasar.

Tarihi da kuma gine-gine da Monuments

Abubuwan da tarihi, gine-gine da kuma al'adu darajar ne, kamar yadda mai mulkin, a cikin tarihi yanki na birnin. Abin baƙin ciki, Yoshkar-Ola zauna kadan pre-neman sauyi gine-gine. Daga cikin wadannan 'yan kasuwa' gidãje:

• Chulkova gidan (marigayi 19th karni), wanda gidaje da Museum of History na birnin Yoshkar-Ola.
• Manor m Pchelina (18th karni).
• House Karelin (tsakiyar 18th karni).
• House Bulygin (tsakiyar karni na 19th).
• Naumova gidan da na ado sassaka da katako, da gine-gine (19-20th karni). Wannan shi ne daya daga cikin mafi kyau tsohon gine-gine a birnin.

ibada

Abin baƙin ciki, kusan dukan ikilisiyoyi na 18th karni, an gaba daya, ko partially hallaka a cikin Soviet lokaci. Yau birnin yana da majami'u, wanda aka kerata ko gina. Daga cikin su:

• Triniti Church ne na farko da gini na dutse da kuma daya daga cikin tsofaffin a cikin birni (1736). da yi kudi da aka bayar da m da baƙauye Vishnyakov Osokin. Shi ne mai gargajiya biyu-storey gini kunshi babban quadrangle da refectory. Chetverik aka lashe tare da biyar domes, kasa ya St. Nicholas ɗakin sujada, Multi-tiered kararrawa hasumiya tsaya dabam. A 30-ies da coci da aka rufe, kararrawa hasumiyar da kuma saman bene da aka lalata. Shi ya fara mai da a kan wani sabon shiri a 1995 da kuma kammala kawai a 2008. New gini kiyaye siffofin halayyar coci gine na 18th karni. Ya zama daya daga cikin mafi kyau gine-gine a cikin birnin. A haikali an haɗa zuwa kararrawa ta wajen an baka, da kuma ta m siffar surmounted da wani rufin biyar zinariya domes.
• Cathedral na Hawan Yesu zuwa sama aka gina a kan m Pchelina a 1756. Ya kasance wani octagon a kan quadrangle tare da wani gallery, wani babban cin abinci dakin da kuma free-tsaye kararrawa hasumiya a tiers. The coci da aka rufe a 1937, aka partially halakar da kuma sāke gina, to, shi housed a madafar giya. A shekarar 1992 cikin Haikali ya koma zuwa ga muminai da kuma gyara. Tun shekara ta 1993, babban coci yana da matsayi na wani babban coci.
• Cathedral na Tashin Almasihu tare da kayan ado a cikin Moscow Baroque style aka asali gina a 1759. Yana da aka odnosvetny quadrangle da biyu octagons, ragewa a fadin. Bell hasumiya a cikin hudu tiers gina a cikin marigayi 18th da kuma farkon karni na 19th. Refectory da biyu chapels (Fedora Stratilata da Basil) da aka gina a cikin marigayi 19th karni. A 1928 da coci da aka rufe, da babba octagonal kararrawa hasumiyar kuma hallaka. Kawai a shekarar 1944 da ginin da aka mayar da su zuwa mũminai, kuma amma a shekarar 1961 da babban coci da aka rufe sake da kuma gaba daya hallaka. Kawai a 2008 da sabon coci yi ya fara, wanda dade har 2010. Updated Kazan Cathedral, tsara a cikin Baroque style na 18th karni, shi aka tsarkake a cikin 2010.

• Church na ɗauka daga cikin Albarka Virgin Mary aka kafa a shekarar 2005 a matsayin Orthodox coci. Style gini, kusa da neo-Byzantine, da aka gina a 2005-2006.
• Church of Our Lady of Tikhvin da aka gina a 1774 (bisa ga neoy, a cikinsa akwai wani ɗakin sujada na St. George (ba kiyaye). The kararrawa hasumiya da aka located sama da refectory. The coci da aka rufe a shekara ta 1929, bayan da aka partially gina. Koma Ga muminai a cikin 90s kuma kerata. a wuri na da hurumi a yanzu wani wurin shakatawa.

Monuments

Yoshkar-Ola, da yawa daban-daban shafukan da wanda baƙi son da za a ɗauki hoton, da kuma yi wa mazaunan birnin. Daga cikin shahararrun:

• Sassaka "bishiyar rayuwa", dake a cikin Park Al'adu da wasanni, nuna kasa da halin da Mari yankin. Monument, wallafa artist Andrei Kovalchuk, da aka kafa a 2008. A tsakiyar abun da ke ciki, akwai wani itace, NUNA rayuwa da kuma maye na zamaninsu da kuma suna located a kusa da uku masu kida na tagulla, na zuwa daban-daban a zamaninsu, kasa kida a cikin hannayensu. A tsohon mutum taka da sarewa, da garaya mutum, wani yaro a kan wani drum. Mita uku high tunawa bautarka mai kyau wuri a wurin shakatawa, inda shi za a iya ganin haka a fili daga ko ina.
• Monument Obolensky-Nogotkov - kafa birnin, da farko gwamnan - an saita a cikin eponymous square a gaban ginin gwamnati. Shida-mita tsawo daga cikin abin tunawa ne wata alama ce Yoshkar-Ola da kuma daya daga cikin babban jan hankali. Prince Obolensky, Marigold ne wanda aka nuna a kan doki da kuma a cikin makamai. A Kabarin da aka halitta da sculptor A. Kovalchuk almara a shekara ta 2007.

• A cikin yankin kusa da tashar jirgin Mari-sani Soviet actor da haka saita tagulla tunawa. Yvan Kyrlya wanda aka nuna a zaune a kan wani trolley, kamar yadda shi ne a cikin fim "Hanyar Rayuwa" inda ya taka leda rawar da Mustafa - wani shugaba na titi yara.
• A kwafin na Tsar igwa sanya a shekara ta 2007. Wannan halving kwafin daga cikin shahararrun asali, wanda aka jefa a tagulla A. Chokhov a 1586. Mari gun, wanda tare da nauyi na nuclei ne 12 ton, aka sanya a kan Zvenigovsky Shuka. Butyakov. Bisa ga shugabanninmu, shi zai iya harba. Domin wannan dalili, shi ne welded ganga core.

m jan hankali

Mutane da yawa suna mamaki zamani Yoshkar-Ola. Tarik akwai m, ko da m.

Daya daga cikinsu - wani abin tunawa daga wata guduma, wanda aka kafa a 2008, a cikin titi a gaban ofishin yi kamfanin gini. Hudu-mita karfe guduma yin la'akari biyu da rabi ton zira kwallaye a cikin ƙasa ƙusa. Author na da ra'ayin - shugaban kasar na yi kamfanin - yanke shawarar haka da dorewar aikin da ma'aikata da kuma biya su haraji. A kadan daga baya, kusa da wani guduma da wani abin tunawa ga ma'aikacin a wani gini dress tare da wani tubali a hannunsa.

Kafin shigar da wannan gini, ba da nisa daga mutum-mutumi tare da guduma, har yanzu akwai biyu asali jan hankali - blue giwa tsawo na game da mita 1.5 da kuma wata babbar kujera.

Oddly isa akwai tagulla sassaka a tsakiyar birnin, kusa da babban jami'a ginin. Wannan abin tunawa Yoshkinu cat, wanda aka kafa a shekarar 2011. Marubuta daga cikin abun da ke ciki - da kuma C. A. Shirnin Yandubaev, wanda ya canja sassaka Kazan, da nufin Moscow kasuwa. A shekarar 2013, a kusa da Yoshkinogo cat, lounging a kan wani benci, a Kabarin Yoshkinoy cat, shigarwa na wanda aka sadaukar domin gano eponymous cafes.

A sabon gine na birnin kasar

A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, da gari ta bayyanar da ya canja da cika fuska. da yi ne da za'ayi a nan, har da waxanda suke staggering. Kai tsaye a gaban ginin up a daban-daban Turai gine-gine styles. New tituna da kuma murabba'ai da ban mamaki gine-gine ze dama, wasan yara da kuma kadan reminiscent na shimfidar wuri.

M gani, babu shakka, sun hada da Bryggen, wanda aka mai suna bayan da birnin a Belgium. A lokacin da ka samun a kan titi, ba zan iya taimakawa tunanin cewa yana cikin wani Turai birnin Bruges. Kwata gaba daya gina gidajen Flemish style, hali na na da Flanders. Musamman kyau a nan da dare a lokacin da m fitilu.

Guests lura da cewa Yoshkar-Ola gabatar grandiose mamaki, juya daga tsakiya m Soviet cin gashin a wani ban sha'awa birni inda kana so ka koma. Mutane da yawa ya bayyana ra'ayin cewa gine ne mai kawo rigima, amma da cewa shi ne wani sabon abu, abin tunawa, m, kusan duk yarda.

A musamman mamaki domin yawon bude ido ne Gaske Shelar hasumiyar da chimes. Wannan shi ne wani karamin kofi na Spasskaya Tower a Moscow. Mutane da yawa daga cikin baƙi kawai fada a cikin wani mãyen a lokacin da ba zato ba tsammani ji wani Chime, wanda shi ne daidai kamar a Rasha babban birnin kasar.

Duk da cewa shi ne m Yoshkar-Ola, ta jan hankali ne bambance bambancen da yawa. Kowane mutum, to ziyarci wannan ban mamaki birni tare da ɗaukaka da hadisai, za a yi wani abu don tuna da wani abu to gaya your friends.