White phosphorus, ja da baki - halaye da kuma aikace-aikace

Phosphorus ne fairly na kowa sinadari a wannan duniya tamu. Its sunan fassara a matsayin "mai bayyanãwa", saboda a cikin tsarki tsari, shi haskakawa haske a cikin duhu. Bude wannan kashi ya quite da hatsari, alchemist Henning Willy Brandt, a lokacin da ya yi kokarin fitar da zinariya daga fitsari. Tun da phosphorus ne na farko kashi cewa alchemists sun iya samun, ta hanyar da gwaje-gwajen.

Halaye na phosphorus

Shi ne chemically sosai aiki, don haka ta halitta shi za a iya samu ne kawai a cikin nau'i na ma'adanai - mahadi tare da wasu abubuwa, wanda akwai 190 jinsunan. A mafi muhimmanci fili - a alli phosphate (apatite ma'adinai). Yanzu akwai mutane da yawa irin apatite, ya fi na kowa abin da yake fluorapatite. Na apatite an hada da daban-daban na sedimentary dutse - phosphates.

Domin live kwayoyin phosphorus shi ne na bayar da muhimmanci, tun da wani bangare na biyu da kuma kayan lambu dabba gina jiki a cikin nau'i na daban-daban mahadi.

A shuke-shuke, wannan kashi ne dauke da mafi yawa sunadarai a cikin zuriyarsa, da a cikin dabbobi - a daban-daban jini sunadarai, madara, sel da kwakwalwa da kuma juyayi kyallen takarda. Manyan adadin phosphorus kunshe ne a cikin nau'i na alli phosphate a ƙasusuwan vertabrate.

Phosphorus wanzu a cikin uku allotropic gyare-gyare: fari phosphorus, ja da baki. Bari mu bincika su daki-daki.

White phosphorus za a iya samu cikin sauri kwantar da vapors. Sa'an nan da kafa crystalline m, wanda shi ne cikakken m da colorless a cikin m jihar. White phosphorus, nufin sayar, yawanci fentin a wani dan kadan yellowish launi da kuma bayyanar ne sosai kama da kakin zuma. A wannan sanyi abu kuma shi ya zama m, kuma a zazzabi sama 15 digiri zama taushi da kuma za a iya sauƙi yanka da wuka.

A ruwa, farin phosphorus ba narkar da, amma amsa da kyau zuwa hanyoyin gudanar da kaushi. A cikin iska shi oxidizes sosai da sauri (farawa don ya ƙona) da kuma har yanzu glows a cikin duhu. A gaskiya, ra'ayin wani mai bayyanãwa abu da kuma jami'in labaru na Hound na Baskervilles da alaka da fari phosphorus. Yana da wani m guba cewa mutuwa ko a kananan allurai.

Red phosphorus - wani m duhu ja launi, wanda yana da kaddarorin sosai daban-daban daga abin da aka bayyana a sama. An oxidized a iska sosai a hankali, a cikin duhu, lit, lit kawai ta dumama a Organic sauran ƙarfi bayani daga gare shi ne ba zai yiwu ba, kuma shi ba guba. A karfi dumama, a wanda bãbu damar da iska, shi ba tare da narkewa, yana tuba a cikin tururi, wanda, a kan sanyaya, da kuma samu fari phosphorus. A konewa na biyu abubuwa kafa phosphorus oxide, wanda ya tabbatar da kasancewar a cikin tsarin da wannan kashi. A wasu kalmomin, suna kafa ta guda kashi - phosphor - kuma suna ta allotropic gyare-gyare.

Black phosphorus da aka shirya daga fari a 200 digiri Celsius a karkashin babban matsin. Yana yana da wani lebur tsarin, wani ƙarfe luster da kuma bayyanar kama da graphite. Na iri daban-daban m abu shi ne kalla aiki.

A amfani da phosphorus

Modern samar na phosphorus - game da miliyan daya ton a kowace shekara. Major kera: Amurka, da Netherlands, Canada, Jamus.

The girma na samar da phosphorus amfani ga thermal phosphoric acid da aka yi amfani da a samar da takin zamani da phosphates. White phosphorus da aka yi amfani da matsayin incendiary da hayaki-samar da wakili, ciki har da Tracer ammonium.

Red da ake amfani da yi na wani incendiary surface wani matchbox, kuma a samar da Lagwani haske kwararan fitila, ya abubuwa a matsayin getter.

Phosphorus ya samu da aikace-aikace a metallurgy. Ana amfani da a matsayin ƙari, don samar da doped gami, solders, taushi da Magnetic gami da antifriction.