Wajen magana a cikin wallafe-wallafe. Misãli hyperbola, gwadawa

Wajen magana a cikin adabi a wani daban-daban hanya ne ake kira da kalmar "en". Trop ne rhetorical adadi, magana ko kalma da aka yi amfani a zaurance, domin inganta m magana, alama harshe. Daban-daban na wadannan Figures a cikin wallafe-wallafen ayyuka suna amfani da ko'ina, suna amfani a yau da kullum magana da jama'a magana. The main iri hada tropes, kamar wani hyperbola, epithet metonymy kwatanta misãli synecdoche, irony, litotes, fasara, sojan gona, Misalin. Yau za mu yi magana game da wadannan hanyoyi uku: a kwatanta, hyperbole da misãli. Kowane wajen magana zai tuntube da aka ambata a sama a cikin adabi tattauna a daki-daki.

Misãli: ganewa

The kalmar "misãli" na nufin "alama da ma'anar", "canja wuri". Wannan magana ko kalma, wanda aka yi amfani da wani kai tsaye ba darajar, dangane da wannan hanya shi ne batun gwada (mara) tare da wani daga cikin kama da wani fasalin. Wannan shi ne wani misãli - wani adadi na magana wadda ta ƙunshi a cikin yin amfani da maganganu da kalmomi a zaurance kan kwatanta, kama, misalin.

A wannan hanya ne da wadannan 4 abubuwa: mahallin ko category; abubuwa a cikin wani da aka ba category; kan aiwatar da abin da abu ya aikata wani takamaiman aiki. aikace-aikace tsari zuwa takamaiman yanayi ko tsallaka su.

Misãli a leksikologii - a na ginin jumla da dangantaka data kasance tsakanin wasu dabi'u polysemantic kalmomi, wanda ta dogara ne a kan gaban kama (aikin, na waje tsarin). Sau da yawa da wannan zama a trope matsayin wani ado karshen a kanta, haka wuce asali, asalin ma'anar ra'ayi.

iri metaphors

Don rarrabe tsakanin a cikin zamani ka'idar, abin da ya bayyana da zama misãli, wadannan iri biyu: diaphora (watau bambanci, mai kaifi misãli), da kuma epiphora (share, da saba).

Tura misãli ne da za'ayi consistently ga dukan sakon a matsayin dukan ko a manyan gutsure. An misali za a iya miƙa kamar haka: "Ba wani littafi yunwa: ƙara stale nuna fitar da kayayyakin da littafin kasuwar - sunã da za a zubar da nan da nan, ba tare da kokarin."

Akwai kuma abin da ake kira gane misãli da ya shafi magudi da magana ba tare da game da alama hali. A wasu kalmomin, kamar dai shi yana da dama ma'anar misãli. A sakamakon wannan aiwatar shi ne sau da yawa comic. Misali: "Ya rasa ya fushi da kuma shiga tram."

Metaphors a cikin art na magana

A cikin samuwar wani iri-iri m metaphors taka muhimmiyar rawa, kamar yadda muka ambata, ta kwatanta en, da associative links tsakanin daban-daban abubuwa. Metaphors matsayin wajen magana a cikin adabi ƙara mu ji karya "comprehensible" da kuma automatism na labari.

A ma'adanin na magana da harshen ne da wadannan biyu model, wanda ya kafa en. A zuciya na farko daga cikinsu shi ne personification ko tashin hankali. Na biyu dogara ne a kan reification. Metaphors (kalmomi da phrases) halitta da farko model, kira personifying. Misalai: "sanyi a ɗaure da lake", "snow ne", "shekara ta kaisu ta," "rafin runs," "ji tafi da Fade", "lokaci ya tsaya har yanzu", "cinye rashin nishaɗi) Akwai ma embodies misãli (." Deep bakin ciki "," baƙin ƙarfe so "," tushen dukkan sharri "," harshen wuta "," hannunka na rabo ").

Harshe da mutum irin wannan hanya a matsayin wajen magana a cikin adabi ne ko da yaushe ba a cikin art na magana. Su ba da hasashe na rubutu. Lokacin da nazarin daban-daban kayayyakin, musamman shayari ya kamata a hankali bincika abin da yake da m misãli. Su daban-daban iri iri ana amfani da ko'ina, idan marubuta suka nemi su bayyana cikin kayadadden, na sirri hali zuwa rayuwa, su sake fasalin duniya kewaye da mu ir} iro. Alal misali, a cikin romantic ayyukansu daidai a misãli bayyana marubuci ta hali ga mutum da kuma duniya. A falsafa da kuma m lyrics, ciki har da idon basira, wannan sawu ne ba makawa a matsayin wajen da katin shaida na daban-daban irin abubuwan da, kazalika da aikewa da falsafa ra'ayoyin wasu kasida.

Misalai metaphors halitta gargajiya mawãƙi

a AS Pushkin, misali, akwai da wadannan misãli: "sneaks watã", "bakin ciki glades", "m mafarki," matasa "da shawara dabara."

A M. Yu. Lermontova: "ji" allah na hamada, ya ce tauraron tare da wani star, "lamiri nuna," "fushi hankalinsu" alkalami tafiyarwa.

a FI Tiutchev hunturu "fushi" Spring "ƙwanƙwasawa" a cikin taga, "barci" faɗuwar rana.

Metaphors kuma images of haruffa

Bi da bi, da misãli iya zama dalilin da dama haruffa images. A Lermontov, misali, sun yi up irin images, alamomin kamar "dabino" da "Pine" ( "A cikin daji Arewa ..."), "Sail" (a waka na wannan sunan). Su ma'anar - a wani metaphorical likening Pine ze tashi m mutum wanda ke neman nasu hanya a rayuwa, da shan wahala ko m, qazanta da nauyin da ya Loneliness. Metaphors ne ma dalilin da poetic haruffa halitta a cikin shayari kuma da yawa wasu Symbolists.

Kwatanta: definition

Kwatanta - wannan sawu, wanda dogara ne a kan assimilation wasu sabon abu ko wasu abu a kan tushen wasu na kowa alama. Manufar bin wannan yana nufin na magana, - don gane abu a cikin wannan muhimmanci, sabon ga batun lãbãri daban-daban Properties.

Ware kwatanta: gwama abu (da ake kira da abu na kwatanta), da abu (gwada nufin) da wanda wannan Taswirar ya auku amma kuma wani na kowa alama (Comparative, daban - "kwatanta tushe"). Daya daga cikin bayãnin hukuncin fasalulluka na wannan sawu ne ambaci game da cewa, da kuma game da wasu abubuwa idan aka kwatanta, sananniyar alama ne kamar haka nuna ba lallai ba ne. Ya kamata a bambanta daga kwatanta da metaphors.

Wannan sawu ne halayyar almara.

iri kwatancen

Daban-daban na kwatancen suna samuwa. Wannan da aka gina a cikin nau'i na kamanta yawa, wanda aka kafa ta kashin "daidai," "kamar," "idan", "yadda". Misali: "Shi ne wawa, kamar tumaki, amma wayo kamar jahannama." Akwai ma asyndetic misãlai, wanda suke bada shawarwari tare da wani kumshin maras predicate. Shahararren misali: "My gidan - na kagara." Kafa ta a suna a cikin yin amfani da mahimmancin harka - shi ne, misali, "ya ke zuwa strut." Akwai suna musu: "The yunkurin - ba azabtar."

A kwatanta da adabi

Kwatanta a matsayin hanyar amfani da yadu a cikin art na magana. Tare da shi gano daidaici, wasikun, kamance tsakanin mutane, su rai da na halitta mamaki. Kwatanta, ta haka ne, kamar yadda suka gyaran gaba daya daban-daban da ƙungiyoyi cewa tashi daga marubuci.

Sau da yawa, wannan sawu ne a associative tsararru, wanda ake bukata domin nuna siffar. Alal misali, a cikin waka: "Don Tekun", rubuta ta Aleksandrom Sergeevichem Pushkinym, da teku ne marubucin mai yawan kungiyoyin da "yan baiwa" (Byron da Napoleon), da kuma mutumin a duk. Suna yake kunshe a daban-daban misãlai. Dace sauti a cikin teku, da wanda mawãƙi ce ban kwana tare da "mournful" gunaguni, aboki, "kiran" a bankwana hour. A mawãƙi Byron a mutumin da yake ganin da wannan halaye da suke ba a "free ayar": zurfin, da iko, Indomitable, moodiness. Da alama cewa Byron da kuma teku - biyu wanda yake da wannan hali: 'yanci-auna, da alfahari, irrepressible, na halitta, da karfi-so.

Kwatanta a jama'a shayari

A jama'a shayari amfani yadu resistant kwatancen cewa wakiltar kwatancen da aminci a kan al'ada amfani a wasu yanayi. Su ne ba mutum, kuma dauka daga stock jama'a singer da kuma bayar da labarun baka. An dimbin yawa a model cewa za a iya samun sauƙin sake bugawa a zama dole yanayi. Hakika, da kasida, wadda ake bisa labarin baki a cikin ayyukansu amfani da irin wannan barga kwatanta. MY Lermontov, misali, a cikin "Song na Merchant Kalashnikov" ya rubuta cewa, sarki duba daga tsawo daga sama "kamar shaho" a kan m fuka-fuki "Matasan tattabara".

Hyperbole: Definition

The kalmar "hyperbole" a Rasha - wata kalma cewa yana nufin a fassara "wani ƙari", "ragi", "a kan", "mika mulki". Wannan shi ne wani stylistic adadi, wanda yake shi ne m, kuma a bayyane ƙari domin bunkasa expressiveness da kuma jaddada da wani batu. Ga misali: "Mun isasshen abinci na tsawon watanni shida," "Na riga ce sau dubu cewa."

Hyperbole ne sau da yawa a hade tare da wasu daban-daban stylistic na'urorin, wanda yana bada dace launi. Yana da wani misãli ( "duwãtsu tashi kaɗa hadayar") da kuma hyperbolic misãlai. Yana nuna halin da ake ciki, ko da harafin iya zama hyperbolic. Properties cewa en yadda jama'a magana, rhetorical style amfani da nan kamar yadda pathetic mai karɓa kuma romantic inda lamba Abin mamaki babbar sha'awa.

Misalai da cewa amfani da hyperbole a Rasha harshen - yana da maganganunsu da salon maganarsu ( "walƙiya sauri", "azumi, kamar walƙiya," "Tekun Tears", da dai sauransu). A enumeration ne dogon.

Hyperbole a cikin adabi

Hyperbole a cikin ayar da litattafan ne daya daga cikin mafi tsoho m hanyoyin da magana. Artistic fasalulluka na wannan sawu da yawa da bambance bambancen. Literary hyperbole ake bukata, yafi a nuna wasu kwarai halaye ko Properties daga cikin mutane, events, na halitta mamaki, na abubuwa. Alal misali, kwarai hali novice, romantic gwarzo, an jaddada ta hanyar wannan sawu: wani rauni saurayi ya sami kansa a cikin wani yaki da damisa daidai kishiya kamar yadda karfi kamar yadda wannan daji dabba.

Properties hyperbole

Hyperbole, personification, epithet da sauran en ayan jawo hankalin hankalin masu karatu. Features na hyperbole a cewa su tilasta mana mu dauki wani sabo ne look at bayyana ne, cewa shi ne, don jin da muhimmancin da kuma musamman rawa. Turawa iyakoki na yiwuwa kafa, bada mutane, da dabbobi, abubuwa, na halitta mamaki "m" mallakan allahntaka Properties, da hanyõyi amfani da daban-daban mawallafa, ya jaddada gargajiya m duniya halitta da marubuta. Bayyana da hyperbole da hali to mahaliccin aiki wanda aka nuna - idealization, "tadawa" ko, conversely, izgili, musu.

A musamman rawar da ake buga ta da en a cikin ayyukan satirical mayar da hankali. A satires, tatsuniya, epigrams kasida 19-20 karni, kazalika a cikin satirical "labarinsa" Saltykov-Shchedrin ( "Story of a City") da tatsuniyoyi, a wani satirical labari "Heart of a Dog" by Bulgakov. A comedies na Mayakovsky "Bath" da "Bug" m hyperbole bayyana Wauta na haruffa da kuma abubuwan da suka faru, nuna rubutu da Wauta da kuma mũnãnan ayyuka, magana kamar yadda wani caricature ko caricatured image.