Vissarion Belinsky: biography da kuma hoto

A karni na sha tara da aka kira da Golden Age na Rasha adabi da kuma tsawon samuwar art zargi, da kafa, da kuma mafi shahararren wakilin wanda shi ne Belinskiy Vissarion Grigorevich. Global muhimmancin da mutumin da aka auna a matsayin bunkasa ideas. A wannan girmamawa, bisa ga Sahaban, Vissarion Belinsky - sukar lamiri da kuma Falsafa-Westerner - outgrew da nan matakin na bourgeois tunani. Amma abin takaici, da real ra'ayi na kyaututukan da ya samu sun samu quite marigayi.

muhimmanci

A tasiri na wannan jarida kuma marubuci a kan Rasha adabi da aka ji a wannan rana. Vissarion Belinsky, da farko ya tsayar da daidai manufar litattafan da shayari in general. Shi ya nuna da shugabanci a cikin abin da adabi da tafi zama zamantakewa karfi da kuma zama wani malami na ƙaramin tsara.

Literary ƙungiyar taurari na forties na karshe karni masu rinjaye da ake bukata don akida ƙungiya daga kansa ayyukansu zuwa gare shi. Belinsky, wanda ko da yaushe maraba kunno kai talanti ɗaya, kusan unerringly gane hanya domin ta nan gaba raya kasa, da tsarkake da kuma m yanayi tunku? Ãwa directing duk matasa ma'aikata a cikin wallafe-wallafe. Irfanin matsayi, wanda ya raya, ya zama na kowa dukiya. Mafi yawansu ba su kasance dacewa da wannan rana. New wallafe-wallafen tsara da kuma a yau dangane da m search for gaskiya, kazalika da ra'ayoyi a kan muhimmancin adabi a rayuwa da cewa an bar su su Vissarion Belinsky.

biography

Jikan wani firist, da ɗan wani likita, a nan gaba sukar lamiri da kuma essayist haife shi a kauyen Belyni a Penza lardin talatin na May (11 Yuni) 1811. Samun koya karatu da rubutu daga wani gida malami, Vissarion Belinsky aka aika zuwa karatu a gundumar makaranta, wanda ya bude a Chembare. A 1825 ya aka canjawa wuri zuwa lardin makarantar sakandare, inda ya zauna uku da rabi shekaru, da kuma ba sauke karatu daga shekaru hudu hanya. A cewar Belinsky, karatu a can ya kasance ba gamsu. Ya manufa shi ne Moscow University. Don kashe wannan shiri nan gaba na Rasha zurfin tunani iya ba sauki. Mahaifinsa, saboda iyaka kudi, bai iya ci gaba da dansa a Moscow. Duk da haka, saurayin ya shirye su zauna a cikin talauci, idan kawai ya zama wani dalibi. A watan Agusta, 1829, ya soja kurum marar a cikin fi'ili baiwa da kuma soma a gwamnatin kudi a cikin wannan shekara.

Jami'ar rai

A dalibi shekaru (1829-1832) kafa a kewaye Belinsky "Sha ciphers." An kullum tattauna da dama daga cikin matsalolin da na falsafa, karatu da ayyuka na Bachman, Schelling, da kuma na zamani da al'amurran da suka shafi. A wani taro na Vissarion Belinsky na karanta ya rubuta na farko da wasan kwaikwayo mai taken "Dmitri Kalinin," wanda aka dogara ne a kan mai rai kwarewa da marubucin ƙasar gaskiya. Future mai sukar lamiri da kuma publicist a cikin aikinsa gaugawa farmaki da "m cancanta" mai ƙasa aji to jefa al'adar manoma.

Idon na Moscow University daga cikin wasan kwaikwayo kamar yadda "lalata" da aka dakatar. Belinsky kuma suka tsõratar da yãƙi tunani Siberia, amma a banza. A dalibi shekaru da ya sami gaskiya abokai wanda ba kawai tausaya tare da shi, amma kuma cikakken raba ya bukatun. Sun kasance Stankevich, Herzen, Ketscher, Ogarev, E. Korsch da sauransu.

togiya

A cikin watan Satumba 1832 da ma'aikatar ilimi rattaba hannu kan wata tsari na sallama daga jami'a Belinsky. A wording ya misali - "saboda rashin lafiya, kuma domin da gazawar da ya damar iya yin komai." Shi yanzu yana aiki da kuma hotuna Vissariona Belinskogo san kowane dalibi, dalibi a Faculty of Philology, sa'an nan har yanzu ba a sani ba zuwa ga wani marubuci ba zato ba tsammani bar ba tare da albarkatun da kuma rashin gida.

Ya fara ba darussa da kuma yin canja wurin, ko ta yaya tsira a kan zaran kamasho. A wancan lokaci, ya hankali Masana Farfesa Nadezhdin. A karshen, a 1831 da ya kafa wani sabon mujallar da ake kira "Teloskop" Belinsky miƙa fassara domin bazawa kananan Wikipedia. Kuma a watan Satumba 1834 Vissarion ya mujallar da ta farko da m labarin. Shi ne da ita, a gaskiya, ya fara tsanani wallafe-wallafen aiki.

da'irar Stankevich

A 1833 Belinsky fara halartar wallafe-wallafen marece Aksakov Selivanskogo. Nan shi ne ya motsi kusa N. Stankevich, da kuma wasu lokaci daga baya a hada a cikin da'irar. Financial saka da rashin al'ada yanayi ga wallafe-wallafen ayyukan Belinsky tilasta sau da yawa sosai canza adireshin: ya rayu a Rakhmanovsky titi a Nadezhdin Apartment gidan Sukhovo-Kobylin, sa'an nan a cikin hali na Moscow University. A 1835, sai ya fara aiki a matsayin sakataren sanannen marubuci A. Poltoratsky. Ƙulli a 1836 da mujallar "nesa kusa", inda Vissarion Belinsky jagoranci zargi sashen, ya sa shi a kan gãɓar rãmi na talauci. A cewar Sahaban ya ce cewa kafin farkon 1838 a sanannun jarida kuma marubuci, tsira kawai godiya ga taimakon abokai.

Aiki a "Notes da Fatherland"

Daga watan Maris zuwa Oktoba 1838 a bisa gayyatar da Aksakov, Belinsky koyar a Konstantinovsky surveying Institute, sa'an nan ya zama wani unofficial edita a "Moscow Observer" mujallar. A wannan lokaci ya fara m da iyali Shchepkin, a cikin wanda ya kasance a cikin soyayya sai. A cikin da'irar Moscow Belinsky idon sani hada T. Granovsky, P. Mochalov, N. kuma K. Field, A. Veltman, da kuma waɗansu da yawa.

Bayan rufe batun "Moscow Kiyayewa" a watan Yuni 1839 na marubuci kuma bar ba tare da wajen, amma nan da nan sami wani gayyatar daga A. Krajewski kama aiki a matsayin shugaban sashen na m mujallar "Notes da Fatherland". A watan Oktoba na wannan shekara, Vissarion Belinsky koma St. Petersburg, kuma shi ne kawai takaice ziyara zuwa Moscow.

ra'ayin siyasa,

A cikin matasa, Belinskiy Vissarion Grigorevich, falsafar wanda ya kasance kullum a so, fara nazarin ilmi na romanticism, shi delves cikin ra'ayoyin Schelling, Hegel da Fichte. Tuni a farkon 1840, ya sharply soki rationalist kaddara ra'ayi na ci gaba, ya ƙarasa da cewa "al'adar mutum da mutum yake da muhimmanci fiye da rabo daga cikin duniya." A ci gaba da ra'ayoyi Belinsky yana tare da girma zargi na falsafa idealism. Ya addini ba da hanyar baro-baro maguzawan sentiments. A cikin wasika zuwa litattafan Gogol, wanda ya warai tausaya Vissarion Belinsky yana sanya coci mai tsanani soki.

A sanannun sukar lamiri da kuma essayist, ya rasu a 1848 da tarin fuka. Ana aure, ya aka tsira da uku shekara haihuwa 'yar kuma, wata babbar wallafe-wallafen al'adunmu.