Tsãwa makera

A makera da aka tsara don samar da alade baƙin ƙarfe. na farko ya bayyana a cikin XV karni. a Turai. A Rasha, na farko tsãwa makera da aka gina a 1620 kusa Tula. Sa'an nan da man fetur domin irin wannan stoves bauta gawayi. Kawai a karni daga baya (1709), English kirkiro Ibrahim Derby gudanar ya rike da tsãwa makera smelting, ya maye gurbin gawayi a kan coke, da na dutse, da kwal.

Tsohon kwarewa canji na'urar da wani harin bom makera, da kuma bayyanar makirci kanta ironmaking. Amma da kayan yau da kullum zama guda. Yau tsãwa makera - a tsarin kimanin 30 m (tsawo dabam ± 5 m). A tsawo daga cikin dukan tsarin iya wuce 80 m.

Ta yaya wani harin bom makera?

Ta hanyar da babba rabo (makogwaro) loading cajin (agglomerate, katsin, tama, tama manganese, man da kuma fluxes). Kasa nawa ne, da most ɓangare na tsãwa makera, wanda shi ne mai mazugi flaring. Saboda wannan bazuwa ne sauki sauka m kayan daɗa ƙaran lokacin tsanani. By kasa na shaft m Bosh (m, cylindrical). Yana narke cajin. Domin da steamed, kasa, an shirya kafadu sanya a cikin siffar wani truncated mazugi tare da rage tushe kasa. Irin wannan giciye sashe ne mafi dace da ragewa girma saboda da narkewa na kayan.

A cylindrical Kakakin, kasa ɓangare na profile ne konewa na coke da kuma wani ruwa samfurin da yake faruwa smelting.

Kakakin kasu kashi biyu: babba zone (tuyere) da kuma ƙananan (metalopriemschik, cikinsa da tattara Fusion kayayyakin). Hearth kira ƙananan ɓangare na gagarumar wuta.

A tuyere zone shirya tuyere majalisai, wanda ana ciyar a cikin fashewar makera tsãwa (preheated iska). Yana da wannan yanki ne ke da alhakin kona coke, da yawan zafin jiki a nan girma ga iyakar dabi'u - 2000 digiri. Sama da makera saman zafin jiki ne m (har zuwa 350 digiri).

A cikin ƙananan ɓangare na dutsen da aka gina da baƙin ƙarfe daraja, skipping da narkewa kayayyakin - slag, da baƙin ƙarfe kanta.

Baya amfani slag famfo rami, amma yi na karshe shekarun da suka gabata ya nuna cewa shi ne mafi m hadaya ta slag, da baƙin ƙarfe daraja Cast-baƙin ƙarfe, tare da kara rabo a cikin babban wuriyar dab da gagarumar wuta.

By tanda, abuts da ake kira simintin gidan inda da kayan aiki located fitai da taphole da kuma rufe shi bayan sakin slag da na baƙin ƙarfe. Ga akwai gutters tare da ramuka, Yanã shiryar da dab samfurin a cikin buckets.

Saki daga tanda da samfurin da aka aiko zuwa ga babban mai gudu, a cikinsa baƙin ƙarfe ne rabu slag (yawa bambanci). Daga cikin gutter tashi biyu ramuka. Daya aika zuwa ga slag, a kan sauran - baƙin ƙarfe. Jefa baƙin ƙarfe aka zuba a cikin ci gaba da motsi siffofin (irin na'ura mai), bayan sanyaya da kuma kara siffofin kife baƙin ƙarfe aika riga a motoci. Slag aka zuba a cikin pool, ruwa sanyaya kuma pelletized.

Kowane makera tsawo yayi dace a wasu zazzabi, daidai saboda wannan sauyin karfe daga ores a kuma gudana.

A cikin ƙananan ɓangare na makera don konewa ake kawota Yã isa zama adadin oxygen coke. Coke konewa, ta hanyar mayar da zuwa carbon dioxide, wanda reacts tare da coke, tana mayar riga a carbon monoxide. Bugu da ari, akwai wani dauki tsakanin carbon monoxide da baƙin ƙarfe oxides. Farfadowa da na'ura na faruwa to da karfe. Iron tare da cikakken carbon da na baƙin ƙarfe ne samu. Baya daga cikin uku zuwa hudu cikin dari na carbon a cikin gami ne ba a qananan rabbai na manganese da silicon, sulfur da phosphorus.

A gaskiya, da tsãwa makera, da manufa da abin da aka kwatanta a nan, za a iya gani a matsayin maras sharar gida samar. By-kayayyakin da faruwa a cikin samar da tsari, shi ne aka yi amfani da ganuwar masana'antu don samar da alade baƙin ƙarfe. A slag da aka kara wa sumunti, ya dace don Tsarin (as yanzu yadu rarraba cinder block) da kuma fashewar makera gas ne mai kyau man fetur, preheated iska kawota zuwa wani harin bom gagarumar wuta.