The yawan Feodosiya. Tattalin arzikin, gwamnati, da gidaje, da aiki da kuma hutu a cikin Feodosia

Ga mutane da yawa, a lokacin rani lokaci ne da ainihin hutu a Feodosia. Wannan ban mamaki Crimean birni a kan Black Sea Coast ya fascinated dubban daruruwan yawon bude ido a kowace shekara yawon bude ido a cikinsa. Abin da yake haka tursasawa ne Theodosia? Description of wuri, a birnin tarihi, da mutãnensa, kayayyakin more rayuwa, hutu yanayi da kuma sauran al'amurran da suka shafi wannan mafaka da kuma zai zama batun da wannan nazari.

A Gwargwadon wuri na Feodosia

Kafin mu fara bayyana yawan Feodosiya da kuma sauran al'amurran rayuwa a cikin birnin, bari mu dubi inda aka located.

Feodosia birni dake a kudu-maso-gabashin ɓangare na Crimean sashin a kan Black Sea Coast, a yankin na Feodosia Bay. An located kawai tsakanin Kerch Larabawa da kuma ta Kudu Coast na Crimea, kamar yadda wani irin mahada tsakanin su. A gabashin ɓangare na kauye ne dake a bakin teku da kuma yammacin - a kan wani hari kunya Tepe-Oba Crimean duwãtsu.

A sauyin yanayi a Feodosii matsakaiciya, ko da yake wani lokacin bayyana ãyõyi subtropical, saboda da kusanci zuwa wani ba climatic zone.

doka matsayi

The doka matsayi na gari, kazalika da duk Crimea da aka gauraye. A cewar Rasha dokar (da kuma, a gaskiya), da gari shi ne wani ɓangare na birane gundumar Theodosius, wanda, bi da bi, wani bangare ne na Jamhuriyar Crimea. A kudu maso yammacin wannan administrative naúrar aka kẽwayesu da birnin gundumar Sudak, a arewa - tare da Kirov gundumar, a arewa-maso-gabas - tare da Lenin. Ta Kudu da kuma kudu-maso-gabas an wanke ta da tekun Black Sea. Bugu da kari, da abun da ke ciki na birane gundumar hada da dama garuruwa, da ƙauyuka, da most of wanda suke gari da kuma Seaside Koktebel.

A daidai wannan lokaci, bisa ga Ukrainian dokokin, Feodosiya nasa ne da birnin majalisa na wannan sunan, wani ɓangare na cin gashin kanta Jamhuriyar Crimea, da kuma cikakken zo daidai da iyakoki na birane gundumar. Duk da haka, da a zahiri shine Ukraine yana da wani iko a kan wadannan yankuna, don haka da cewa suna aiki Rasha dokokin da cikakken.

Tarihi na gari

Theodosius yana da matukar dogon tarihi. Wannan shi ne daya daga cikin tsofaffin adam ƙauyuka na Crimea, da kuma Rasha a matsayin dukan. A farko yawan Feodosia - yana da Helenawa. A da Greek mulkin mallaka daga Militas a VI karni BC. e. Sun kafa garin. A sunan cewa ya ba da Helenawa tushen su Locality, fassara daga Girkanci harshe a matsayin "Allah-ba." A IV karni BC. e. Theodosius aka tilasta sallama ga mafi iko Greek jihar a cikin Crimea - Mulkin Bosporus, wanda kanta ƙarshe furuci dogara a kan Roman Empire.

A IV karni BC birnin ya riga ya kasance batun lalata da rundunar 'Huns. Wannan filin an abin da ke bar na shi, zaunar Alans, kiran da shiri Ardabda. The Roman Empire a wannan lokaci ya iya sake samu iko da Feodosia kawai bayan da aka tuba zuwa Rum, a cikin V karni. Duk da haka, da gari, sa'an nan kuma a wani lokaci ya wuce a cikin hannãyenku daga cikin Khazar Khanate, amma yana yiwuwa ya koma zuwa da mulkin Byzantine Empire. Duk da haka, har zuwa tamanin, kuma size na zamanin d Theodosia sau cewa lokaci ya nisa, da kuma, a gaskiya, ya wanzu a matsayin tausayin kauyen.

A XIII karni Theodosius sarrafawa da Zolotaya Orda, wanda sayar da kauyen 'yan kasuwa daga Genoa, ceton kan shi ta m suzerainty. Tun daga nan birnin ya zama da Genoese sansanin soja, wani outpost na Maritime Jamhuriyar. Yanzu ya zama da aka sani da Kaffa. Tun zamanin da birnin ya ba samun irin wannan ci gaba kamar yadda a cikin Genoese. Shi ne nan ya sheƙa zuwa dauki tsari daga fushin Temnik Mamay na Golden Khan Tokhtamysh, bayan ya ci Dmitry Donskoy a kan Kulikovo filin. The yawan Kaffa a lokacin wuce 70 000 mutane, sa'an nan kuma ya zama ya fi girma fiye da Konstantinoful. Mai mazauna sun Armenia. A cafe aka bude wani reshe na bankin na Genoa, yana da wani wasan kwaikwayo.

A karshe, a 1475, da Genoese aka fitar daga Kafa rayayye fadada Ottoman Empire. Yanzu ya zama da Baturke birni. Ko da yake zuwa arewa na shi located ƙasa talakansa na Ottoman sultan - Crimean Khan, amma Kapha a Khanate aka ba a hada, da kuma shi ne mai kai tsaye ɓangare na daular. A daular Ottoman Kafa ta zama daya daga cikin manyan wuraren da bawa, bawa kasuwar da aka located nan. A Turkiyya lokaci kuma ci gaba hakar ma'adinai na gishiri a kusa. Bugu da kari, kamar yadda a cikin Genoese, akwai wata babbar tashar jiragen ruwa. Theodosius sa'an nan fallasa su kai hare-hare da kuma looting na Zaporozhye Cossacks, misali, a 1616. A cikin shakka daga wannan balaguro aka kuma saki fursunoni.

A 1771, a lokacin da na yau da kullum Rasha-Turkish yaki, Kafa aka kama da sojojin Rasha. Bayan da Kuchuk-Kaynadzhiyskogo yarjejeniya wannan gari karshe ya zama wani ɓangare na Rasha Empire. Tun 1787, ya zama daya daga cikin ƙauyuka Taurian yankin. Tun 1796, bayan da administrative gyara, Kafa aka hada a Novorossiysk lardin. A 1798 ta samu matsayi na free tashar jiragen ruwa na shekaru 30. Bayan wani shida shekaru Cafes koma tarihi sunan - Feodosia.

Wannan birni yana ziyarci da yawa shahararren mutane. Yana ciyar da yawa na rayuwarsa, ya yi aiki, kuma sun mutu sanannen fenta Ivan Aivazovsky. Har ila yau a cikin Feodosia da ya ziyarci kasar Rasha marubuci Anton Pavlovich Chehov.

Bayan da 1917 juyin juya hali, da Crimea, da kuma musamman Theodosius zama na karshe karfi na White Army jagorancin Wrangel. Bayan da zama na gari a 1920 da Bolsheviks a nan, da kalaman na ja tsõro. Feodosiya yawan jama'a a da yawa rage a wannan lokaci. City, kazalika da dukan Crimea aka hada cikin RSFSR.

A lokacin babban Patriotic War of Theodosius m yãƙi. A karshe, ta saki ta Red Army a watan Afrilu 1944.

A shekarar 1954, kamar sauran na Crimean yankin, Theodosius ya zama wani ɓangare na Ukrainian SSR. Bayan Ukraine sami 'yancin kanta a shekarar 1991, birnin ya kasance wani ɓangare na wannan jiha, da farko a matsayin wani ɓangare na Crimean cin gashin kanta Soviet Socialist Jamhuriyar, sa'an nan da Jamhuriyar Crimea, sa'an nan da mai cin gashin kanta Jamhuriyar Crimea.

A 2014, a wani zaben raba gardama, Theodosius, kazalika da dukan Crimea aka annexed da Rasha Federation. A halin yanzu, birnin ne administrative naúrar na Jamhuriyar Crimea, wanda shi ne wani ɓangare na Rasha Federation ga Rights Tarayya.

A birnin na yawan

Yana da lokaci don gano yadda mutane suke yin up da yawan Feodosiya. A halin yanzu, akwai rayuwa 68,6 dubu. Mazauna. Yana da na biyar mafi girma a cikin dukan biranen da Crimea ban Sevastopol. Ba haka ba da dadewa Theodosius dauki hudu wuri a kan wannan nuna alama, amma shi ya bypassed Yalta.

The yawan yawa a cikin birni ne 1621,2 persons / sq. M. km. Don kwatanta, da yawan yawa a Simferopol ne 3132,5 persons / sq. M. km, Kerch - 1379 persons / sq. km. km, a Yalta - 4310,1 persons / sq. km. km.

A muhimmancin yawan

Yanzu bari mu koyi yadda za a canza ga dama shekaru da dama demographically Theodosius. The yawan wannan birni muka duba selectively ga mutum shekaru daga daban-daban lokaci na kwanan nan tarihi na birnin.

Bari mu fara daga karshen karni na karshe. A 1897, yawan mazauna Feodosia ya 24,1 dubu. Inh. Bayan juyin juya hali, da yawan fadi. Saboda haka, a shekarar 1923 cikin birnin ta yawan kawai 22,7 dubu. Inh. Amma ta 1926, yawan karu kuma ya kai 27,3 dubu. Mutane. The girma yawan Feodosia mazauna ci gaba a cikin wadannan shekaru. Saboda haka, a 1939, da yawan rai ya kai matakin na 45,0 dubu. Inh., Kuma a shekarar 1979, ya kasance a matakin 76,4 dubu. Inh. Matsakaicin aka kai bayan rushewar tarayyar Soviet a shekara ta 1992. Sa'an nan Theodosia rayu 86,4 dubu. Inh. Babu kafin kuma bayan irin wannan yawan na yawan birnin ya.

Bugu da ari, yawan mazauna fara samun koma baya a Feodosia mutane. Saboda haka, a shekarar 1998 yawan jama'ar na gari an rage zuwa matakin 80,9 dubu. Mutane. A 2008 ya riga 71,2 dubu. Mutane. A kadan karuwa a yawan mazauna aka lura kawai a 2015, lokacin da yawan mazauna karu daga 69,0 thous. Inh. (2014) zuwa 69,1 thous. Inh. Amma a shekara ta 2016 da alƙaluma ƙi ci gaba. The yawan ragu zuwa 68,6 thous. Inh.

Saboda haka, daga shekarar 1992 zuwa 2016 a total rage daga cikin jama'ar na birnin Feodosia ya 17.8 dubu. Mutane.

kabilu

Yanzu la'akari da kabilu na yawan da suke zaune a birnin Feodosia.

Bisa ga ƙidaya 2014, da girma daga Rasha tsayuwa. Rabonsu daga dukan mazaunan birnin ne 79,4%. A na biyu wuri tare da wani gagarumin fada ne Ukrainians - 11,4%. Bi Belorusy Crimean Tatar - 1%.

Abin lura shi ne cewa a lokacin da 2001 ƙidaya, a lokacin da Theodosius har yanzu Ukrainian, Rasha da lambar da aka karami, da kuma Ukrainians da Crimean Tatars - mai girma. Saboda haka, rabo ya 72,2% Rasha, Ukrainian - 18.8%, kuma Crimean Tatar - 4.6%. Belarusians kasance kuma da ɗan mafi girma - 1.8%. Duk da haka, wannan halin da ake ciki ne quite sa ran. A Feodosia mutane da yawa na gauraye kabilanci asalin, saboda haka wasu daga cikinsu a lokacin kidayar gano kansu a matsayin titular al'umma.

Har ila yau a cikin Feodosia rayuwa Tatars, Armenia, Azeris, Helenawa, Moldovans, Georgians da kuma sauran mutane. Amma da yawan wakilan kowanne daga cikinsu ba ya wuce kashi 1% na jimlar yawan mutanen birnin.

addini addinai

A Feodosiya akwai da yawa addini ƙungiyõyi, kuma amma mafi yawan muminai da'awar Orthodox Kristanci.

Tatar al'umma, kazalika da mafi yawan kabilu, kamar Tatars da Azerbaijanis, mãsu sallamãwa ne.

Bugu da kari, akwai wani Katolika al'umma na Feodosia da Kirista al'ummomi daban-daban na Protestant trends.

Gudanarwa management na gari

The jiki cewa kulawa birnin Feodosia City Majalisar aka hada da 28 members, zabe kowane shekaru biyar. A lokacin, da shugaban majalisar City Svetlana ne Gevchuk.

Administration ne Feodosii zartarwa jiki. The shugaban birnin majalisa nada ta na cikin 'yan takara suka shige cikin m selection. A lokacin, da shugaban birni gwamnati - Krysin Stanislav.

Feodosiya The gwamnati da aka hada da wani jam'i na profile sassan. Kowace daga cikinsu hulda da mutum yankunan aiki. ya kamata a kasaftawa tsakanin sassan kamar haka: Department of matasa da wasanni, Department of Economics, Ma'aikatar {wadago da Social Kariya na Population. Theodosius dogara sun fi mayar a kan ingancin aikin birni gwamnati.

A birnin tattalin arzikin kasar

Feodosia tattalin arzikin tsaye a kan ginshiƙai biyu: yawon shakatawa da kuma Maritime kai.

Typology mura birni yana nufin klimatobalneologicheskim mura. Sea a Feodosiya ne qwarai kuma m, amma baya daga gare shi, da birni iya samar da vacationers m kiwon lafiya-tanadi marẽmari. Don ƙarin bayani a kan vacation a Feodosia za mu tattauna a raba sashe.

Amma babban albashi da birnin kasafin kudin ne haraji kudaden shiga daga tashar jiragen ruwa a kasar. An shipping babban har siffar birnin tattalin arzikin kasar.

Duk da haka, yawon shakatawa da kuma sufuri, ko da yake asali, amma ba su kadai ayyuka a Feodosia. Har ila yau a garin da aka sosai raya cinikayya. Wannan shi ne daya daga cikin ayyukan da za su iya zama girman kai na Theodosius. Prices for abinci da kayayyaki, duk da haka, kamar yadda a wani makõma gari, a tsawo na kakar akwai inflated.

Akwai a Feodosia da kuma masana'antu masana'antu. Marine Engineering aiki a nan, na gani, 'ya'yan itace, ruwan inabi masana'antu, kazalika da kayan gini shuka. Amma bayan rushewar tarayyar Soviet, da samar da damar wadannan kamfanoni ya ki muhimmanci.

Aiki a Feodosia

Ganin cewa birnin ne a mafaka, aikin nan ne yanayi. Hakika, a nan akwai kuma kamfanonin da cewa aiki duk shekara zagaye, - .. masana'antun tashar jiragen ruwa, da dai sauransu, amma mafi yawa jobs suka yi dogon shagaltar, ma'aikata yawa ne in mun gwada kananan, don haka dole ka tsaya a dogon "holi" to don samun to irin wannan wuri. Musamman a babbar aiki a tashar jiragen ruwa, kamar yadda ma'aikatan akwai mun gwada da babban albashi.

Amma a cikin biki kakar fiye da isasshen aiki duka biyu yan unguwa da kuma baƙi. Rani aiki a Feodosia wakilta yafi ayyuka a yankin na cinikayya, kazalika da bada shawarwari ga aikin yi a wani iri-iri dima jiki wuraren: kwana gidaje, hutu cibiyoyin, yara sansani.

Bigiren sauran

Kamar yadda aka ambata a sama, sauran a Feodosia - daya daga cikin manyan kafofin samun kudin shiga ga birnin da yawan jama'a. A cikin ƙasa na birane gundumar sanya wata babbar adadin tsafta-da-dima jiki cibiyoyin. Daga gare su, mafi muhimmanci ne da wadannan: "Theodosia", "Fitowar", "Ukraine", da yara sanatorium "Kalaman", "Golden Beach". A kowane daga cikin wadannan cibiyoyin, yawon bude ido za su iya ba kawai da mai kyau sauran kuma ku ciyar lokaci, amma kuma inganta lafiyar ka. A lura da kuma rigakafin cututtuka a sanatoriums amfani laka da kuma ma'adinai far. Amfana Theodosius kewaye da yawa ma'adinai marẽmari, kuma akwai adibas na curative laka.

Amma mafi yawon bude ido har yanzu fi son a zauna a kananan hotels, ko haya wani gida ko a gida a kamfanoni masu zaman kansu. Wannan ba kalla saboda ƙananan farashin lokacin da hayar wani Apartment daga mutanen mai zaman kansu. Amma a wannan yanayin, tambaya taso: inda hayan gidan a Feodosia? Wannan shi ne abin da za mu yi magana da kara.

Apartment haya

Nemo masauki a Feodosia a cikin biki kakar - a gaske babban matsala. Bayan da cewa duk apartments da kuma gidaje, wanda masu suna shan a sauran, za a iya gidan ya toshe, saboda haka ko da a babban kakar da farashin for hayar dukiyar m cizo. Saboda haka fin so ya dauki dukiya ba a cikin birni, da kuma a cikin makõma yankunan da suke kunshe a cikin line na Feodosia birnin gundumar, wato: Coastal, kuma Primorye Koktebel.

Idan kai ne matasa ishe ku ba to da wuya su yi tafiya 'yan kilomita daga cikin tẽku, domin kau da gidaje ne mafi alhẽri a zabi wadanda tituna Feodosia gundumar da kuma kauyuka, wanda aka located a nesa daga bakin gaci. A wannan hanyar za ka kashe da dama tsuntsaye da dutse daya. Na farko, ya zuwa yanzu daga teku zuwa sami matsuguni sauƙin fiye da a kan gabar teku titi, kuma abu na biyu, da farashin for hayar nan a kasa, da kuma uku, kullum runs daga gidan zuwa teku da kyau tasiri a kan kiwon lafiya da kuma janar yanayin jiki.

Janar halaye na Feodosia

Feodosiya - daya daga cikin tsofaffin birane ba kawai a cikin Crimea ko Rasha, amma kuma Turai a matsayin dukan. Ga mutane da yawa ƙarni na da tarihi birnin dandana wani flowering da ƙi: shi ne daya daga cikin manyan al'adu da kasuwanci cibiyoyin, ta Halin gangara kusan zuwa kauyen matakin. Irin wannan rubucen da kuma hambarar da na Theodosius samu dama a lokacin ta zama.

Yanzu Theodosius ne daya daga cikin mafi cigaban makõma garuruwa na Crimea. Amma baya daga yawon shakatawa masana'antu a nan ne sosai ɓullo da Maritime cinikayya. Feodosia tashar jiragen ruwa ne daya daga cikin mafi girma a kan Crimean sashin.

Idan ka shawarta zaka ciyar da hutu a cikin Crimea, mafi kyau zaži zai zama don ficewa kawai ga Feodosia. Ga farashin yawa ƙananan fiye da a kan ta Kudu Coast mura kamar Yalta, amma cikin kewayon ayyuka da kuma matakin na jin dãɗi ka samu kusan guda.

Bayan da annexation na Crimea da Rasha Federation da gwamnatin Rasha ya yi alkawarin fahimce inganta na zamanintar da kayayyakin more rayuwa na yankin da aka ba su, kazalika da karfafa ci gaban da yawon shakatawa kasuwanci. Theodosius, a matsayin kai tsaye ɓangare na Crimea, iya lalle count a zuba jari injections tare da sauran makõma garuruwa a yankin. Don haka bari mu fatan cewa wannan yarjejeniya za ta ƙarshe zama mafi kyau da kuma mafi kyau ga masu yawon shakatawa.