The shugaba a cikin wani electrostatic filin. Conductors, semiconductors, dielectrics

A abu da ciwon free barbashi tare da cajin motsi ta hanyar jiki da mataki na wani lantarki filin mai ma'ana, da ake kira shugaba a wani electrostatic filin. A barbashi free kira zargin. Dielectrics, a daya hannun, ba su da su. Conductors da insulators ne na daban-daban yanayi da kaddarorin.

shugaba

A electrostatic filin conductors - karafa, alkaline, acidic kuma Saline mafita, kuma cikin ionized gas. The free cajin yan dako a karafa - shi ne free electrons.

A samu a wani uniform lantarki filin, cikinsa da karafa - conductors ba tare da cajin, za ta motsa a cikin wani shugabanci daura da vector filin ƙarfin lantarki. Tara a gefe daya, da electrons zai kafa wani mummunan cajin da kuma hayin su kasa adadin zai sa bayyanar da wuce haddi tabbatacce cajin. Sai dai itace cewa da zargin sashe. Uncompensated daban-daban zargin bayyana a ƙarƙashin rinjayar wani waje filin. Saboda haka suna jawo, da kuma shugaba a cikin electrostatic filin na cajin da ya rage.

uncompensated zargin

Electrifying, a lokacin da zargin an sake rabawa tsakanin sassa na jiki, da aka kira electrostatic shigar da. Uncompensated lantarki zargin samar da jiki, da na ciki da kuma na waje tashin hankali daura da juna. Rabu sa'an nan tara a tarnaƙi da shugaba, ciki filin ƙarfi ƙaruwa. A sakamakon haka, ya zama sifili. Sa'an nan da zargin ne daidaita.

Kamar haka duk uncompensated cajin ne a waje. Wannan al'amari da ake amfani don samun electrostatic kariya, kare shi daga rinjayar filayen. Suna sanya shi a cikin wani Grid ko na rasa karfe gidaje.

dielectrics

Abubuwa ba tare da free lantarki cajin a misali yanayi (Ina nufin, idan zafin jiki ne ba ma high kuma low) an kira insulators. A barbashi a wannan harka ba zai iya tafiya ba a cikin jiki da kuma aka canja kawai dan kadan. Saboda haka, lantarki zargin suna da nasaba.

Dielectrics kasu kashi kungiyoyin dangane da kwayoyin tsarin. Kwayoyin na dielectrics na farko da kungiyar ne asymmetrical. Wadannan sun hada da saba ruwa da kuma nitrobenzene, da kuma barasa. Su tabbatacce kuma korau zargin ba daidaita. Sun yi aiki a matsayin lantarki dipoles. Wadannan kwayoyin suna dauke iyakacin duniya. Su lantarki lokacin ne mai iyaka darajar domin duk yanayi daban-daban.

Na biyu kungiyar kunshi dielectrics, wanda kwayoyin da tsakaitã tsarin. Wannan paraffin, oxygen, nitrogen. Tabbatacce kuma korau tuhumar da suke yi da irin wannan ma'anar. Idan babu waje lantarki filin, da kuma lantarki dipole lokacin ne ma ba ya nan. Wannan ba iyakacin duniya kwayoyin.

Ba kamar zargin a cikin kwayoyin a cikin waje filin sun biya diyya cibiyoyin da nufin a daban-daban kwatance. Suna canza kama zuwa dipoles da kuma samun wani lantarki lokacin.

Dielectrics na uku kungiyar da crystal tsarin da ions.

Abin sha'awa, shi behaves kamar dipole a wani waje kama filin (domin shi ne mai kwayoyin kunshi nonpolar da iyakacin duniya dielectrics).

Duk wani cajin dipole baiwa ikon, kowanne daga abin yana daya da daya a koyaushe, amma wani daban-daban shugabanci (kishiyar). Kafa biyu sojojin da ciwon karfin juyi a karkashin mataki na wani dipole wanda o ƙarin tabbatar da kunna haka da cewa shugabanci vectors daidaita. A sakamakon haka, shi yana karɓa da waje filin.

A ba-iyakacin duniya dielectric waje lantarki filin ba yanzu. Saboda haka, a kwayoyin bã tãre da lantarki lokacin. A iyakacin duniya dielectric thermal motsi aka kafa a disarray. Saboda wannan lantarki lokacin da daban-daban kwatance, kuma su vector ware Naira Miliyan Xari - sifili. Wato, da insulator yana da wani lantarki lokacin.

Dielectric a wani uniform lantarki filin

Dielectric sa a uniform lantarki filin. Mun riga san cewa dipoles - kwayoyin ne iyakacin duniya da kuma wadanda ba na iyakacin duniya dielectrics, wanda ake directed, dangane da waje filin. Su vectors an umurce. Sa'an nan Naira Miliyan Xari da vectors ba sifili, da kuma insulator yana da wani lantarki lokacin. Ciki da shi, a can ne duka tabbatacce kuma korau zargin wanda vzaimokompensirumy da suke kusa da juna. Saboda haka, insulator kuma ba ya sami wani cajin.

Hamayya saman da uncompensated rabuwa zargin cewa suna daidaita, wato, da dielectric ne polarized.

Idan ka dauki wani ionic insulator da kuma sanya shi a cikin wani lantarki filin, da crystal raga na ions, shi ne dan kadan daga haƙõra ne. A sakamakon haka, a dielectric ionic sami lantarki lokacin.

The rabuwa zargin ya samar da lantarki filin wanda yana da wani gaban shugabanci ga waje. Saboda haka, electrostatic filin da aka generated da zargin sanya shi a cikin insulator samu ne kasa da a vacuo.

shugaba

A daban-daban hoto da aka kafa tare da conductors. Idan lantarki conductors ƙara zuwa electrostatic filin, akwai taso ganiya halin yanzu, kamar yadda mukaddashin a kan free zargin da wutar lantarki, zai taimaka wajen bayyanar motsi. Amma shi kuma aka sani ga dukan dokokin thermodynamic irreversibility, a lokacin da wani babban-sikelin tsari a cikin rufaffiyar tsarin da kuma motsi dole ƙarshe ƙare, kuma equilibrate da tsarin.

Shugaba a cikin wani electrostatic filin - shi ne wani jiki ne daga karfe, inda electrons fara motsawa da karfi Lines da kuma fara tara a kan hagu. Shugaba dama rasa electrons da karɓar tabbatacce cajin. A cikin rabuwa da zargin ya zai saya ta lantarki filin. Wannan ake kira electrostatic shigar da.

Ciki da shugaba na electrostatic filin ƙarfi ne sifili, wancan mai sauki ne ga tabbatar da daga motsi da baya.

Features na hali cajin

A cajin tara a kan shugaba surface. Bugu da ƙari kuma, shi ne rarraba haka cewa cajin yawa da aka mayar da hankali a kan surface curvature. Ga shi zai zama fiye da a wasu wurare.

Conductors da semiconductors da curvature a kan mafi m kwana gefuna da kuma taso. Akwai kuma an lura da wani babban cajin yawa. Tare da ta girma da kuma kara tashin hankali a can. Saboda haka, wannan halitta mai karfi lantarki filin. Yana bayyana Corona cajin, saboda abin da garken cikin zargin daga shugaba.

Idan muka dubi shugaba a wani electrostatic filin, wanda cire na ciki na, zai nuna kogo. Daga wannan babu abin da zai canza, saboda filin da shi ba, kuma ba so. Lalle ne, a cikin rami shi ne ba da definition.

ƙarshe

Mun sake nazari da conductors da dielectrics. Yanzu za ka iya fahimta da bambance-bambance da kuma siffofin na nuni halaye a irin wannan yanayi. Saboda haka, da suka nuna hali quite daban a wani uniform lantarki filin.