The kafa na Orthodox Church a Japan, Japan Nikolai: biography, photos

Kafin Vanya Kasatkin fara gudanar da wani sunan na Japan Nicholas, ya kasance dan talakawa yankunan karkara Irena da kuma kusa abokai tare da yara da iyali Skrydlovyh admiral, sunansa shi ne gaba da mahaifinsa Haikali. A abokai da zarar ya tambaye shi game da abin da ya so ya zama, kuma nan da nan ya yanke shawarar cewa zai tafi a cikin sahun mahaifinsa. Amma Ivan so ya zama ma'aikacin jirgin ruwa. Duk da haka, cikin mafarki na teku lalacewa uba da kuma aiko shi zuwa ga karatu a Qum na Smolensk, sa'an nan a matsayin daya daga cikin mafi kyau dalibai da a jama'a kudi aka aika zuwa karatu a seminary a St. Petersburg.

A cikin wannan birnin, kuma mun hadu da yara abokai, Ivan da Leont Skrydlov, wanda ya zama wani digiri na biyu na sojan ruwa yar jam'iyyar kadet Corps. A cikin tambaya dalilin da ya sa ya bai zama ma'aikacin jirgin ruwa, Ivan ce, cewa suna cikin tafiya da teku, da kuma teku da kuma jirgin iya zama firist.

Japan Nikolai: farkon

A shekara ta huɗu na tauhidin Academy, Ivan sanarwa na Ruhu Mai taron majalisar Krista koya cewa Rasha na sarki ofishin jakadancin a Japan bukatar wani firist. {Aramin na Japan I. Goshkevich yanke shawarar shirya wani mishan a wannan kasar, ko da yake a wannan lokaci akwai wanzu a tsananin ban a kan Kiristanci.

Ivan aka farko ji na kasar Sin manufa, ina so don samun shi a kasar Sin, da kuma wa'azi ga al'ummai, da kuma cewa so ya riga ya kafa. Amma sai ya nuna sha'awarsa ta yadu daga kasar Sin zuwa kasar Japan, kamar yadda ya karanta tare da babban amfani "kyaftin Bayanan kula Golovin" na zaman talala a wannan kasa.

A farkon rabin na 60-ies na XIX karni Rasha karkashin Alexander II nemi a rayar, shi ne lokacin da na girma ya gyara aikinsa, da kuma yarjejeniyoyin da serfdom. The hali na aikin mishan a kasashen waje.

horo

Saboda haka, Ivan Kasatkin fara shirya domin aikin mishan a Japan. A 1860, 24 ga watan Yuni tonsured wani m da sunan Nicholas da Wonderworker girmama na Great Nicholas. Bayan kwanaki 5 ya sadaukar da wani Irena, a ranar daga baya - a cikin firistoci. Kuma a 1 ga watan Agusta, Hieromonk Nicholas a shekaru 24 ya tafi Japan. Ya so ta kamar yadda ya amarya barci, wanda dole ne janye - kamar yadda hoton shi a cikin ransa. A cikin Rasha jirgin "Amur", ya isa a karshe a Japan. A Hakodate Consula Goshkevich yarda da shi.

Duk da yake a wannan kasa fiye da shekaru 200 da Kristanci akwai wani ban. Nicholas of Japan da aka dauka a cikin hanyar. Da farko, ya yin nazarin Japan harshe, da al'adu, da tattalin arziki, tarihin, da kuma Saide translation na Sabon Alkawari. Duk wannan ya ɗauki shekaru 8.

'ya'yan

A farko shekaru uku sun ga shi da mafi mũnin. Japan Nikolai a hankali tsayar da rai na Japan, sun ziyarci Buddha, da kuma saurari wa'azi.

A farko, an dauka domin wani ɗan leƙen asiri, da kuma ko saukar da karnuka a kan shi, kuma barazana da mutuwa samurai. Amma a shekara ta huɗu ta Nicholas of Japan samu na farko da na kamar shiryayye, to yi imani da Almasihu. A da rector na Shrine, Takuma Savabe. A shekara daga baya, da suka bayyana a wani ɗan'uwansa, sa'an nan kuma wani. Takuma baftisma, sunan da aka Paul, da kuma shekaru goma da daga baya ya zo na farko Japan Orthodox firist. A wannan girma da yake da shi ya bi ta fitina.

A farko Kiristoci-Japanese

Kudi ne ƙwarai, m. Uba Nicholas sau da yawa ya taimaka Goshkevich jakadan, wanda ya ba da kudi daga waɗanda suka kudi, wanda yawanci rike for "m kudi". A 1868, wani juyin juya halin da ya faru a Japan: Japan-sababbin Kiristoci da aka tsananta.

A 1869, Nicholas tafi St. Petersburg don cimma bude daga cikin manufa. Wannan shi ne ya ba shi wani administrative da kuma tattalin arziki 'yancin kai. Bayan shekaru biyu sai ya koma zuwa ga daraja da Archimandrite da kuma Babbar Jami'ar Harkokin Jakadancin.

A 1872, da Japan Nicholas samun wani mataimaki a fuskar wani digiri na biyu na Kiev tauhidin Academy - Hieromonk Anatoly (shiru). A wannan lokaci a Hakodate shi ya kasance game da 50 Orthodox Japan.

Tokyo

Kuma ko da daga baya St. Nicholas of Japan bar duk a cikin kula da wani firist da ubansa Paul Savabe Anatoliya da kuma mayar da su Tokyo. A nan sai ya yi da za a fara a duk faɗin sake. Kuma wannan lokaci shi ya buɗe a gida makaranta na Rasha harshen da kuma fara koyar da Japan.

A 1873, gwamnatin Japan Priman dokokin a kan addini haƙuri. Private makaranta zarar sake tsarafa cikin seminary, wanda shi ne na fi so yaron mahaifinsa Nicholas (sai tauhidin akwai An yi karatu mai yawa da wasu tarbiyya).

A shekara ta 1879 akwai riga da dama makarantu a Tokyo: seminary, catechism, prichetnicheskoe da kuma kasashen waje yaren makaranta.

By ƙarshen rayuwar mahaifinsa Nicholas Seminary samu a Japan da matsayi na makarantar sakandare, mafi kyau daliban da suka ci gaba da karatu a Rasha tauhidin da kwalejojin.

A cikin coci kara yawan muminai a cikin daruruwan. By 1900, da shekara tara da Orthodox al'umma sun riga a Nagasaki, Hyogo, Kyoto, kuma Yokohama.

Haikali Nicholas of Japan

A 1878 ya fara gina wani aramin coci. Yana da aka gina a kan sadaka kudi Rasha m Petra Alekseeva, wani tsohon ma'aikacin jirgin ruwa, "doki" jirgin ruwa. A wannan lokaci shi ne riga 6 Japan firistoci.

Amma Uba Nicholas mafarkin na Cathedral. Don tara kudi domin ta yi shi ne ya aiko fadin Rasha.

A 1880, Maris 30 hirotonisanom firist Nicholas yana cikin Alexander Nevsky Lavra.

A kan wani zane na gaba coci na Cathedral na ¡iyãma ta m A. sukurori. Uba Nicholas ya sayi ƙasar a yankin a kan wani tudu Kanda Suruga-dai. Ya gina Haikali English m Joshuwa Conder shekaru bakwai, kuma a 1891 ya mika masa da makullin nan ga ubansa Nicholas. A keɓewarsa ta samu halartar 19 firistoci da 4,000 da aminci. A mutane, wannan Haikali ya mai suna "Nikolai-up."

Its sikelin for Japan gine-gine da aka m, kazalika da ƙara yiwuwa na Nicholas of Japan.

yaki

A shekara ta 1904, saboda Rasha-Japanese War, da Rasha, ofishin jakadancin bar kasar. Nicholas of Japan bar shi kadai. A cikin Japan Orthodox yi izgili da ƙi, Bishop Nicholas barazanar mutuwa saboda leken asirin. Ya ci gaba da bayyana a fili cewa Orthodoxy ne ba kawai a Rasha na kasa addini, da kuma kishin kasa - shi ne mai gaskiya da na halitta ji na wani Kirista. Ya aika wani jami'in roko ga haikalin, wanda aka wajabta shi a addu'a domin nasarar da Japan sojojin. Saboda haka ya yanke shawarar rabu da Japan Orthodox saba wa juna: gaskanta da Kristi kuma ya zama Japan. A wannan hanya ya kiyaye Japan Orthodox jirgin. Zuciyarsa da aka watse, kuma ya ba su shiga a cikin jama'a bauta, kuma daya yana addu'a a bagaden.

Sa'an nan ya dauki kula da Rasha fursunonin yaki, wanda shi ne karshen yaki, fiye da 70 da dubu.

Bishop Nicholas, ba kasancewa shekaru 25 da haihuwa, ya ji zuciyarsa hangen nesa looming duhu a Rasha. Don kubuta daga dukan waɗannan abubuwan, ya nutsa kansa a cikin fassarar liturgical littattafai.

a shekaru 75 a 1912 Fabrairu 16, ya ba da rai ga Ubangiji a cikin cell na Cathedral na Tashin Almasihu. Dalilin mutuwa - zuciya rashin cin nasara. 265 majami'u da aka gina rabin karni na harkokinsa kawo 41, firist, 121 catechist, 15 mãsu maye wa junã, kuma 31.984 aminci.

Daidaita da Manzanni St Nicholas of Japan da aka canonized Afrilu 10, 1970.