The Iron Lady of British siyasa, Margaret Thatcher: biography, da siyasa, da kuma aiki ban sha'awa facts

Margaret Thatcher - daya daga cikin shahararrun 'yan siyasa na XX karni. Her aiki a matsayin Firayim Ministan na Birtaniya ya tafi 3 tsawon cewa totaled shekaru 11. Shi ne mai wuya lokaci - lokacin da kasar ke cikin wani zurfin tattalin arziki da zamantakewa rikicin, Ingila da ake kira "rashin lafiya mutum na Turai." Margaret ya iya mayar da tsohon girma na Albion da kuma tabbatar da magabaci na sojojin a cikin ni'imar da Conservatives.

"Thatcherism" a harkokin siyasa

Wannan kalma tana nufin da kafuwa, wanda aka halin da Margaret Thatcher a akida, dabi'a da kuma siyasa. Su ta kasance firaministan kasar a lokacin da yana kokarin saka a cikin yi.

Its main halayyar za a iya kira da "dama na rashin daidaito." The siyasa da'awar cewa mutum zai iya matsawa zuwa wani abu mai kyau, mafi alhẽri daga da shi yana a wannan lokacin. Thatcher bayar da shawarar da free sha'anin da himma domin ya sami amfanin. Duk da haka, a lokaci guda ya yi Allah wadai da "bege ga kudi ga kudi."

Domin "Thatcherism" daidaito - shi ne ƙũra. A dama ga rashin daidaito, bi da bi, Firaministan da mutum ya tsaya, inganta da kansu da kuma inganta ingancin rayuwarsu. Shi ya sa ba ta hukunta arziki, amma a maimakon haka, ya bukaci duk 'yan ƙasa yi kokarin kara da shi domin kara inganta matakin na rayuwa.

yara

Margaret Thatcher (Roberts) an haife shi a shekarar 1925 a kan Oktoba 13 a Granteme, kusa da London a wani northerly shugabanci. Ta iyali rayu tsare, ba tare da wani frills, za mu iya ce da ascetic hanyar rayuwa ga mutane na yammacin Turai. A gidan da babu ruwan famfo, da wuraren ma, kasance a kan titi. The iyali da 'ya'ya mata biyu rasuwarsa - mazan, kuma Margaret - karkashin shi domin 4 shekaru.

Babbansu a kusa da ta yi kama da uwa - Beatrice, ƙarami ya ainihin kwafin Alfred ta mahaifinsa. Ta aka ada ya zama ya fi so, don haka daga farkon yara iyaye fara yi wa kajin ta duk da halaye da cewa daga baya a adult rayuwa shi taimaka, kuma ya juya zuwa wata alama ce da zamanin conservatism a kasar Birtaniya XX karni.

A shekaru 5, Margaret fara shan piano darussa, da kuma lashe shayari hamayya ko da bayan 4 years. A awarding da babba Margaret ce cewa ta yi matukar sa'a, abin da ta ce: "Ita ke ba da sa'a, shi ne babban rabo mai." Daga farkon shekarun ta girma m, saboda haka ya na dindindin memba na tattaunawa kulob din da kuma tambayoyin da tashe a cikin farkon shekaru na alhakin da cikakken ma'ana amsoshi, sabanin da takwarorinsu, "datsa" wasu interjections.

Uba - manufa domin Margaret

Karin yana da wani ilimi, amma ya sãɓã, ƙishirwa ga sabon ilmi a sakamakon bai ciyar a rana ba tare da karanta. Wannan ingancin ya shuka da 'yarsa. Tare suka tafi da dakin karatu da kuma daukar wani mako biyu littattafai domin manufar alternately karanta su.

Wannan uba ya dasa kananan Margaret ingancin zama sabanin duk. Ya sanar da ita cewa wani mutum dole ne "to kai" da kuma ba za a "kore". Domin wannan shi ya zama dole su yi aiki kowace rana, tunanin nan gaba da kuma game da matsayin su a cikin al'umma. Karin maimaita sau da yawa: shi ne, ba wajibi a yi aiki domin wannan aka yi da sauran.

Uba ya manufa domin ta, kadan Margaret tunanin ya san kome da kome. A halayyar alama na shi ne wata kishin ilmi. Ta yi wani ƙishirwa ga sabon bayanai kwarewa. Margaret da Mahaifinsa ya tafi zuwa ga jirgin taron, nemowa wani dandano ga siyasa, theatricality kuma balaga. Sai ta shekaru 10 da haihuwa.

Margaret Thatcher tuna da shekaru su zo da shiriya daga mahaifinsa, da kuma ya tafi tare da su ta hanyar rayuwar. Shi ya kawo a cikin yaro harsãshensa cewa a yau duniya duka ya kira "Thatcherism" capacious lokaci.

Zagaye ilimi Thatcher

Girma, Margaret zauna kamar yadda mazan jiya kamar yadda a farkon yara. Dalilin wannan kasance da ra'ayoyi a kan rayuwar mata ƙaunataccen mahaifinsa. Ya kasance da wakilin Protestantism da duk tarzomar sakamakon, banda kasancewarsa dan kasuwa ne, mai saida kayan lambu. Ta taba tafi wani raye-raye, ko da ra'ayoyi na fina-finai, amma nan da nan ya fara aiki a iyali kantin sayar da stock Roberts, inda ya zama Mai ƙididdigewa ga kayan yau da kullum na kasuwanci da kuma riba.

A daidai wannan lokaci shi ya nuna sadaukar - 4 shekaru koya Latin, domin kudin shiga ga mafi babbar mata kwaleji a Oxford - Somerville. Ta makwabcin a cikin dakin tuna cewa Margaret tashi a lokacin da shi shi ne har yanzu duhu da kuma kokarin koyi wani abu. Na biyu ba shakka ya wuya: ta fadi cikin soyayya da dan count, amma mahaifiyarsa da aka gilla ƙaryata Man, yana mai cewa 'yar kayayyakin masarufi kawai babu wasa na danta.

M yarinya kuma da sanin cewa ta rai lashe siyasa. Margaret Thatcher ya tsunduma cikin harkokin siyasa muhawara da kuma a cikin shekaru shiga cikin Association of Conservatives, kuma ya zama ta farko shugaban kasar, da wata mace a shekarar 1946.

A shekarar 1947, ta gama ilimi a Oxford kwaleji tare da digiri na farko awarding sunadarai. Nan da nan sami aiki bincike-bincike celluloid robobi a Menningtone.

A shekarar 1953, ta samu wata dokar digiri da na gaba 5 shekaru, ƙware a aikace, inda ya yi aiki ga wani lauya. A kadan daga baya ta zama wani gwani a fagen haraji, ya yi karatu wannan masana'antu daidai.

Saboda haka, samuwar nan gaba siyasa juya daga quite m: ta san da kayan yau da kullum na gina kasuwanci, wani mai gida na bayani a kan dokokin da haraji, a Bugu da kari, ana masani a cikin kimiyya tsari, da kuma mafi muhimmanci, da gyare-gyare na Margaret Thatcher lanci ko a cikin waɗancan kwanaki, idan akwai har yanzu nisa daga post na firaminista.

siyasa halarta a karon

Oddly isa, amma bayan ƙarshen makaranta, Margaret san inda ci gaba da karatu - a Oxford. Me ya sa babu? Saboda a cikin wannan makaranta koya duk gaba UK ministoci. Akwai, ba ta rasa lokaci a banza, shiga cikin KAOU - Conservative Association at Oxford University. Tun daga nan ne ta fara ta hawan siyasa Olympus.

Ko sa'an nan ta na da muradin ka gudu domin Estate-wakilin jiki, amma yin haka shi ne na farko dole ya zama shugaban KAOU. Kuma Thatcher ta zama su a shekarar 1946. Wannan matsayi ya zama musamman lokaci-cinyewa, ta barci for 3-4 hours a rana. A lokacin ya zo a lokacin da ta yi zabi tsakanin siyasa da ilimi - ta zabe da tsohon. Saboda haka, ba abin mamaki ba cewa Margaret Thatcher, wani tsohon almajiri, kuma mãdalla da dalibi, mai diploma a matsayin "m", da kuma wani digiri na farko, ta aka bayar da 2nd class.

Denis Thatcher - mai shiryarwa zuwa siyasa

A shekara ta 1948, Margaret ta takarar da aka amince domin sa hannu a cikin majalisar zabe, duk da haka, da Labour Party, cewa ya tarihi rinjãya a Downing Street. Don. A birnin ne m. Saboda haka ya fara zaben shi rasa, amma shi ne ma fi wahayi zuwa wata mace don m aiki.

A lokaci guda, ta sadu da Denis Thatcher (shi ne ga mijinta sunan da aka sani a duk faɗin duniya). A shekarar 1951, ya kawo shawara ta. Mutumin da aka shekaru 33 da haihuwa, kuma ya kasance a bit girmi ta. Denis ya dan kasuwa ne, kuma saboda haka zai iya samar da wani matashi matar da abin da kuke bukatar. Yanzu ta iya duƙufa fuskarsa ga siyasa, da kuma sauye-sauye Margaret Tetcher (UK su da matukar bukatar a lokacin) tana da juna biyu na dogon lokaci.

1953 ya zama mata "fari" rai span. The biyu Thatcher haifi tagwaye, kuma hudu watanni baya, Margaret wuce karshe jarrabawa da kuma zama wani lauya. Kwarewa a yi ta zabe da haraji Sphere, ya yi karatu da shi sosai, cewa manufofin da amfani sosai a nan gaba.

Rungumar kai shi dole ne a ce cewa Dennis ya taka babbar rawa a cikin harkokin siyasa girma Margaret. An bayan bikin aure, ta iya gaba daya mika wuya zuwa ya fi so zama - da harkokin siyasa.

Road zuwa majalisar

A cikin marigayi 1950 ta Margaret da wani sabon makamashi ya fara aiki ga majalisar zabe. A mafi wuya abu ya sami County, wanda zai iya tsayawa a matsayin dan takarar. Ta fara da Kent, amma kuwa shi ne na biyu da cewa shi ya rufe hanyar zuwa majalisar. A wani gundumar guda County halin da ake ciki masu kama da juna. A lokaci guda a cikin Finchley gazawar faru dan takarar don gudu ga majalisar dokokin kasar. Aikin da ya fara! Mahalarta a kan wannan shafin ya da mutane 200. rubutu gasar, wanda a cikin sa 22 mahalarta aka zaba aka gudanar. Sa'an nan da aka gudanar da wani na baka gabatarwa, bayan da a can ne kawai 4 da 'yan takara, tsakanin wanda ya Margaret Thatcher. Ta aka zabe a matsayin dan takarar na gundumar, wanda nufi da cewa ta ainihin zaben zuwa majalisar.

A shekarar 1959, ta zo don ta Birtaniya majalisar - da hanyar siyasa da aka bude. Wannan lokaci da aka sosai unfavorable ga Conservatives fara mawuyaci a cikin tattalin arzikin, firaministan kasar Macmillan fadi da rashin lafiya kuma ya yi murabus. A zaben 'yan majalissun a shekarar 1964, "a zaune" a benci Conservative' yan adawa. Amma ta yi Margaret a cikin wannan shekara ne aka nada Shadow Ministan Housing.

shugaban jam'iyyar

70 shekaru sun kasance wuya ga tattalin arzikin da ciki halin da ake ciki a Birtaniya. A postwar lokacin da kasar ta fara ja da baya a ci gaba da kuma ba a hada da ko da a saman goma shugabanni, ko da yake shi ya kasance kullum a kan gaba wajen.

A 1974, wata tambaya da aka tashe game da zabi na shugaban Conservatives. Margaret Thatcher sa a gaba ta na takarar zama kishiya ga halin yanzu shugaban E. Heath. Zaben sun bar shi a buga: 276 - 130 kuri'u da aka jefa a cikin ni'imar Thatcher da kawai 19 ga Heath, bayan da ya janye takarar. Amma maimakon Margaret da sabon kishiyoyinsu. A mafi tsanani daga abin da yake da Whitelaw. A zagaye na biyu na zaben a ranar 02.11.1975 wanda nuna wani undoubted amfani Thatcher da aka gudanar: ga shi zabi 146 zabe wakilan, Whitelaw kuma samu 79 kuri'u.

Sai ya zama mai wuya lokacin da Conservatives, su sau biyu, ya ci a cikin zaben majalisar dokoki, da yawan wakilan jam'iyyar ya ragu sharply, zo jam'iyyar rikicin. Ya bayyana: jam'iyyar da ake bukata "sabon jini." Kuma Thatcher a matsayin daya, mu jimre wa wannan wuya manufa.

The Iron Lady Margaret Tetcher Birtaniya siyasa

Ta farko ya zama firaministan kasar a shekarar 1979. Wadanda suka wuya zabi: to su sosai ƙare babu wanda ya tabbatar da nasarar da Conservatives, amma karshe Figures nuna cewa 339 daga cikin 635 kujeru a majalisar dokokin kasar suna sanya wa Conservatives. Margaret san cewa, ta kasance yanzu iya gane ideas hatched a kansa fiye da shekara. A cikin rayuwar siyasa na Burtaniya shiga wani sabon zamanin.

Period matsayin firaministan kasar Margaret Thatcher ya sosai siga: fashe a cikin tattalin arziki da zamantakewa rikicin a kasar. UK rabo na masana'antu a cikin tattalin arzikin duniya da ya auku da kwata tun yakin duniya na biyu. Enterprises sha wahala asarar da, ƙwarai rage albashi. Kuma 'yan kasuwa da aka tilasta don rage ingancin kayayyakin domin rage kudin. A tattalin arziki da rikicin ya riga ya fara ci gaba a cikin wani siyasa, fadada kasar daga cikin.

M hannunka kuma da amincewa da tsarin mulki na Margaret Thatcher taimaki UK, kuma a kusa da Birtaniya mutane samun wani dandano na cin nasara, kuma ya zo da baya a jihar.

Margaret kasance ko da yaushe mai saukin ganewa da kuma tabbatar tafiyad da al'amurran da suka shafi a dukkan matakai. Ta mummunan yaƙi da kwadago, "whiners" da kuma parasites. Mutane da yawa kawai tura ta rigidity, amma har yanzu yawancin tafi bayan ta saboda wannan azama a warware matsaloli. Saboda haka, an yi sau biyu sake zabe da post na firaminista.

Babu wani daga cikin Firaministocin na XX karni bai zauna wannan post lokaci mai tsawo. Shi ya zama wata alama ce da wani zamanin Tarurrukan na Burtaniya, kasancewa a kwalkwali na kasar.

Garambawul da kuma cimma Thatcher

Margaret kanta ba kira kaina wata mace - ta ce: Ni wani dan siyasa, kuma dan siyasa yana da wani jinsi. Ta nuna ƙarfin hali a wuraren da ba su da isasshen maza.

Wannan lokacin da aka arko da rikici a Falklands da Argentina. The United Kingdom, kuma musamman Thatcher nuna su tabbatar da dalilin a wannan batun ta hanyar gabatar da sojojin a can, bayan da Argentina sojojin da aka tilasta su bar tsibirin. Wannan kadan yaki, shi ma wani siyasa da nasarar da Iron Lady. Af, ta bai wa laƙabi da sosai Rasha. A garinsu domin unbending hali mai suna Margaret nisa kasa poetically, misali, "Ram" ko "sulke tank".

Yana da ban sha'awa cewa a lokacin da Thatcher ya Birtaniya rapprochement tare da Tarayyar Soviet, Mikhail Gorbachev da matarsa da aka ziyartar tare da gwamnatin a London. Margaret kira ta Soviet takwaransa zuwa "hump" a mutunta mutane da yawa, sun kasance a cikin yarjejeniyar, ko da yake akwai bambance-bambance.

A sake fasalin qaddamar da Iron Lady, Boiled saukar zuwa uku main tenets:

• raguwa a haraji ga babban kasuwanci.
• da kamfanonin da jama'a kansu tattalin arziki wuraren.
• wani gagarumin raguwa a cikin albashi doka.

A karshen, ba shakka, shi ne musamman mutane suke so da mafi yawan mutane, amma ya taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin tattalin arzikin Fading.

Yana da muhimmanci a cikin wadanda shekaru matsalar da Ulster. Margaret Thatcher ta bayyana matukar siyasa da hikima, da natsuwa, amma a lokaci guda na ƙwarai shiba. Ta miƙa ya ba Ulster (Northern Ireland) 'yancin kai daga Ingila, idan gudanar da kuri'ar raba gardama nuna cewa yawan da yawan za ~ e, domin wannan shawarar. Duk da haka gaskiya wannan ba to: a sakamakon Ulster ne karkashin aegis na United Kingdom yau. Ya kamata a lura da cewa IRA (Irish Republican Army) ko da shirya kai hari a kan Firayim ministan da yawo wani bam, amma Margaret aka ba lalace, sabanin sauran shugabanni na Jam'iyyar Conservative.

firaministan Care

A shekarar 1990, Margaret Thatcher murabus. Duk da haka, shi ya wuce dukan epoch. Iron Lady ya iya kõmãwa zuwa ga United Kingdom ta tsohon ikon da kwanyarsa, ya dawo da shi sake daya daga cikin shugabannin da tattalin arzikin duniya da kuma siyasa. Wannan bashi zai zauna har abada a cikin memory daga Birtaniya mutane, da kuma sunan Margaret Thatcher har abada imprinted a cikin tarihin siyasar na Birtaniya. Afrilu 8th, 2013 Iron Lady ne tafi. Mutane da yawa mamaki: yadda tsohon Thatcher? Margaret rayu dogon, ban sha'awa rai, kai 87 shekara. Farewell procession da aka gudanar a gaban Sarauniya Elizabeth II, da membobin ta iyali, kazalika da siyasa Figures na wani bygone zamanin.