Tetanus: cututtuka a yara. Da ãyõyinMu, kuma tetanus pathogens. Yin rigakafi da Jiyya

Tetanus - wata cuta da cewa an san tun lokacin da. Mashahuri likita Hippocrates a 5th karni BC, aka bayyana a cikin daki-daki, ga cututtuka. Amma yawa ga kowa da kowa ta baƙin ciki, tetanus topic zauna dacewa a duniya a yau. Wannan shi ne saboda a manyan yawan mutuwar ga wannan cuta. Statistics nuna cewa a kowace shekara daga tetanus mutu game da 160 mutane dubu a duniya.

taƙaitaccen bayanin

Tetanus ne mai tsanani cutar. An halin da kasafi na mutuwa toxin da kuma isasshe m asibiti hanya. Domin su iya cika fahimta dukan matsalar da zargin da wannan cuta, shi isa zuwa da bayanai da cewa 30-50% da marasa lafiya mutu. Daga gare su akwai waɗanda aka alurar riga kafi da tetanus. A kasashen da rauni magani, wannan adadi ya kai 85-90%. Tetanus Yanã shigar da m aiki na kwayoyin shiga cikin jiki ta hanyar raunuka da kuma sauran fata lalacewa. A mafi dace abu a gare su haifuwa - zafi da kuma gumi yanayi. Saboda mafi yawan dukan rubuta mutuwar daga tetanus sun faru, a yankin Saharar Afirka kasashe, Asia da kuma Latin Amurka. Amma har a cikin wani in mun gwada m kasashen Turai daga cutar kowace shekara dubban mutane mutu. A wannan hasashe, ba za mu iya ce cewa mazaunan mafi m yankuna ne hadari.

A causative wakili na tetanus

Tetanus pathogens ne wakilan Bacillaceae iyali. A cikin talakawa hali na haifuwa faruwa a dabbobi da mutum hanjinsu. Duk da haka, ba su haifar da cikakken babu wata cũta. A lokacin da gabatarwar a cikin rauni, kuma a cikin yanayi na rashin cikakkar oxygen, wadannan m bacilli zama gaba daya m. Yana auku aiki zaɓi na toxin cewa yana daga cikin mafi kwayan gubobi. Su da tasiri sosai m, kazalika da ci gaba da cutar da ake kira tetanus. Alamun a yara a wani lokaci ana lura a cikin 'yan sa'o'i bayan kamuwa da cuta. jamiái na sharar gida kayayyakin a lokaci guda su ne gaba daya m idan aka haɗiye shi, domin ba a tunawa a cikin mucous membrane. Amma a lokacin dumama ko a ƙarƙashin rinjayar da hasken ultraviolet, su da sauri mutu.

Yadda ake kamuwa da tetanus?

Wajibcin grafting faruwa a lokacin akwai rauni ko lalacewar da fata, ko mucous membranes. A mafi wuya a wannan yanayin ne manyan zurfin yanke raunuka, tun lokacin da aka kafa su manufa domin ci gaban cutarwa microorganisms yanayi. Har ila yau, kunnawa da kamuwa da cuta na iya faruwa tare da konewa, frostbite da kuma kumburi cututtuka. A jariri zai iya samun tetanus ta cikin cibiyarki igiyar, idan shi aka yanke mugun bi da kida.

Causative jamiái da wannan cuta mai yawa a cikin yanayi. Su ne:

• a gidan kura.
• duniya.
• gishiri da kuma sabo ne ruwa.
• faeces mafi yawan dabbobi.

Spores da vegetative bacillus tetanus sanyi samuwa a cikin mutum hanji.

A matakin na ji na ƙwarai to cutar sosai high a duk shekaru kungiyoyin, amma mafi yara da cutar da aka rubuta a cikin 3-7 shekaru.

Abin da ake shiryawa lokaci ne tetanus?

Nawa ne bayyananne tetanus? Shiryawa da cutar daukan wani daban-daban lokaci - daga 1-2 kwana zuwa 2 watanni. A wannan yanayin, da talakawan - 1-2 makonni. A tsawon lokaci na shiryawa zamani, da tsananin cutar dogara a kan: shi ne karami fiye da, da wuya zai kasance mafi girma yiwuwar cuta da mutuwa.

A wannan lokaci, shigar azzakari cikin farji daga kwayoyin cuta a cikin al'adun matsakaici da kuma su haifuwa fara. Yana yana tare da a saki wani m toxin. Marasa lafiya a cikin wannan zamani za a iya lura gaban da wadannan cututtuka:

• ciwon kai.
• sweating.
• tsoka tashin hankali.
• wani ƙara matakin na irritability.
• jin sanyi.
• rashin barci da kuma sauran neuropsychiatric cuta.

The asibiti hoto da kuma na farko bayyanar cututtuka da cutar

Farko da cutar a mafi yawan lokuta shi ne m. Rijista lokuta kananan ne rare prodromal lokaci. An bayyana ta da wadannan cututtuka:

• malaise.
• ciwon kai.
• Jihar danniya da kuma tsoka ƙanƙancewa, inda aka jikkata da kuma tasowa tetanus.

A farko ãyõyi a mafi yawan lokuta - An muted nagging zafi a rauni site, ko da shi ya warke. Daga cikin na farko takamaiman ãyõyin cuta, bayyanar wanda zai iya nuna tetanus ne:

• bayyanuwar lockjaw (spasmodic ƙanƙancewa) masticatory tsokoki da cewa yana sa ta kuranye baki.
• gaban wani sardonic murmushi, saboda wanda magana ne yake aikata maliciously izgili (frowning, rage idanu, elongated lebe cikin wani murmushi).
• bayyanuwar dysphagia (hadiya matsaloli), a cikin hanyar wanda yake shi ne convulsive spasm na tsokoki na pharynx.
• m wuyansa tsokoki.

A gaban na farko 3 kawai bayyanar cututtuka na hali na tetanus.

Halayyar fasali na tsawo na tetanus

A tsawon lokaci da tsawo da cutar - 8-12 kwana. A tsanani siffofin, shi qara da 2-3 sau. A tsawon lokaci da wannan lokaci da cutar dogara a kan wadannan dalilai:

• gudun magani ga likita.
• gaban ko babu lamba;
• har na fata lalacewa.

A wannan mataki, akai-akai gano tetanus. Alamun da wadannan yara:

• convulsive ƙanƙancewa na gyara man fuska tsokoki, da bayyanar da halayyar murmushi;
• wuya ya hadiye abinci.
• tsokoki na wata gabar jiki da kuma ciki sosai siga;
• m convulsions.
• gagarumin sweating.
• kullum rashin barci.
• apnea, cyanosis. asphyxia.
• take hakkin urethral da jini wurare dabam dabam tsari.
• wani gagarumin Yunƙurin a zazzabi.

Lokacin da akwai ba wani harbi a kan tetanus, sa haƙuri da mutuwa ne a spasm na numfashi tsokoki ko inna daga cikin zuciya tsoka. Har ila yau daga cikin mafi kowa Sanadin mutuwa mafi muhimmanci wuri nasa ne da tsokar zuciya infarction, sepsis, embolism da kuma ciwon huhu.

Tetanus a jarirai

Idan ya zo ga jariri yara, cikin shakka daga cikin cutar da mafi wuya, da kuma kusan 100% na lokuta, akwai mutuwa. Ga jariran da halayyar fasali na siffar domin irin wannan cututtuka kamar tetanus. A farko alamun - yana da tashin hankali, tremors na Chin, a take hakkin hadiya da tsotsa reflex. Bayan haka, tsoka spasm na cikin wuyansa, kuma janar convulsions. Sau da yawa, jarirai mutu a farko sa'o'i bayan da farko na cutar.

dawo da lokaci

Idan iyaye sun nuna lokaci ma'aikatan kiwon lafiya, yaro wanda tetanus, magani ya auku a hankali kuma a kan lokaci da bayyanar cututtuka da cutar bace. A tsawon lokaci da wannan mataki ya kai 2 months. Cikin wannan zamani, da yaro da aka sosai fallasa da hadarin da dama rikitarwa. Saboda haka, ci gaba da sa ido na yanayin.

Bayan dawo, akwai iya zama saura cututtuka wanda aka kiyaye wajen dogon lokaci. Wadannan sun hada da tsoka stiffness, janar wani rauni da dai sauransu

siffofin da cutar

By nauyi, akwai haske, matsakaici da kuma mai tsanani siffofin tetanus.

M irin ne musamman rare. A tsawon lokaci na shiryawa zamani ne 14-20 kwanaki, da kuma ci gaban bayyanar cututtuka faruwa ga 5-6 days. An halin:

• rauni magana kowa tetanic spasms (ko rashin daga gare ta).
• gida convulsive shudder na tsokoki (tetanus cututtuka a cikin rauni ko a cikin unguwa).
• m tsoka hypertonicity .
• ba ko kadan magana na dysphagia da tachycardia.
• al'ada ko low-sa zazzabi.

Babban halaye na matsakaici siffofin tetanus:

• A shiryawa zamani - 15-20 kwanaki.
• da ci gaban mai core sa na bayyanar cututtuka - 3-4 kwanaki.
• matsakaici tsanani daga duk bayyanar cututtuka da cutar.
• babu asphyxia da hadiya matsaloli.

Mai tsanani halin isasshe short shiryawa zamani - 7-14 kwana. A wannan yanayin, a cikin 1-2 kwanaki tasowa tetanus. Alamun a yara ne quite fili. Amma rikitarwa da suke barazana ga rayuwar wani yaro, akwai yawanci rare.

magani na tetanus

Ake bukata kar bayarwa a asibiti da yaro da ake zargin tetanus. Jiyya na sosai m siffofin ne da za'ayi bayan kudin shiga ga wani m far.

Dole awo ne rauni tiyata, a lokacin da excision ne da za'ayi lalace nama da kuma kau da waje jikinsu.

Don kawar da vegetative siffofin tetanus bacillus da necrotic nama yana gudanar da kwayoyin far. A mafi yawan lokuta, shi ne da za'ayi a cikin shakka daga cikin saduwa da manyan allurai penicillin intravenously. A tsawon lokaci da irin wannan far ga a kalla 10 days. A cikin hali na untreated allura penicillin gudanar tetanus, kunsha na tetracycline.

Jiyya na rashin lafiya yara ne da za'ayi tare da taimakon takamaiman mutum immunoglobulin. An gudanar intramuscularly. A layi daya da hali subcutaneous gwamnati na tetanus toxoid sau uku. A tazara tsakanin injections ne 5-7 kwanaki.

Domin sauƙaƙe yaro ta yanayin, shi na samar da zaman lafiya da shiru. Bugu da kari, akwai wani symptomatic magani, wanda ke shafar yadda da Saide tetanus. Alamun a yara suna shafe ta da wadannan ayyukan:

• rauni jiyya.
• rage na kãmun tsanani.
• rigakafin sepsis da kuma ciwon huhu.
• kyautata a cikin huhu iska.
• maganin sa barci.

Rigakafin tetanus

Kahu a kan gaskiyar cewa yana da wani m cuta, m matakan ne sosai gagarumin. Su taimakawa wajen wani gagarumin raguwa a yawan aukuwa da cutar, sauƙaƙe mana da sakamakon da tetanus. M matakan ne musamman da nonspecific.

Non-takamaiman tsari na cuta rigakafin aukuwar a yara ne za su gudanar da wadannan ayyukan:

• a kiyaye da sterility a lokacin aiki da kuma yadda ake gudanar.
• scrupulous obrabatyvaniya raunukan da shawara za'ayi amfani da magunguna iri iri.

Specific rigakafin tetanus hali shirya ba, ko gaggawa. Babban manufar wanda shi ne maganin da tetanus, - halittar sirri rigakafi da kuma immunological memory. Alurar riga kafi na yara ne da za'ayi bisa ga kalandar na lamba - 3 sau bayan wata na uku na rayuwa da kuma kara amfani 1-1.5 shekaru.

A maganin da tetanus yara bai da garantin gaban m rigakafi da pathogen da cuta. Yana kawai goyon bayan wucin gadi rigakafi da kuma tsarin taimaka wajen shawo kan da tetanus bacillus, sami kansa a cikin jiki.