Take hakkin thermoregulation na jiki: haddasawa da kuma bayyanar cututtuka

Kowannen mu ne sane da wanzuwar irin wannan abu a matsayin yanayin jiki. A lafiya manya, ta yi ya zama a cikin kewayon 36-37 ° C. Bambance-bambance a ko dai shugabanci da ya nuna abin da ya faru da cututtuka na wani etiology ko take hakkin thermoregulation da kwayoyin. Wannan yanayin ne wata cuta, kamar yadda irin wannan, ba, duk da haka, iya haifar da rashin jituwa a cikin gabobin da kuma tsarin, ko da m. Thermoregulation ikon da duk dumin jiki dabbobi masu shayarwa, ciki har da mutane. Wannan aiki ne domin su kirkiro da institute a cikin shakka daga juyin halitta. Yana kula da tafiyar matakai na metabolism, shi damar zuwa daidaita zuwa ga yanayi na waje duniya, game da shi, wajen taimakawa ga rayayyun kwayoyin halitta don yin yaki domin ta zama. Kowane mutum, ko da kuwa da irin, matsayi, ko shekaru, kowane na biyu da aka fallasa ga muhalli, da kuma a cikin jiki ci gaba da faruwa da dama, daban-daban halayen. Duk wadannan matakai tsokane hawa da sauka a cikin jiki zafin jiki, wanda, amma ga thermoregulation, sarrafa su, zai kai ga halakar mutum gabobin da kuma na dukan jiki. Amma, abin da ya faru a lokacin da akwai wani take hakkin thermoregulation. A Sanadin wannan cuta na iya zama quite daban-daban daga cikin sauƙi mai tsanani hypothermia CNS cuta, thyroid ko hypothalamus. Idan fama da irin wannan cututtuka thermoregulation tsarin copes talauci tare da ayyuka ga gyara halin da ake ciki, wajibi ne a yi wa tamkar cuta. Idan thermoregulation ta kakkarye, a cikin wani m mutum, kuma dalilin da ya da waje yanayi kamar weather, kana bukatar ka sami damar samar da wannan ga wanda aka azabtar taimakon farko. Sau da yawa da shi rinjayar da nan gaba kiwon lafiya da kuma rayuwa. Wannan matakin na samar da bayanai game da yadda da tsari na yanayin jiki, wanda bayyanar cututtuka nuna kasawa a thermoregulation, da kuma wani mataki a cikin wannan hali, kana bukatar ka yi.

yanayin jiki Features

Take hakkin thermoregulation inseparably da alaka da yanayin jiki. Mafi sau da yawa, shi ne auna a cikin hamata, inda shi ne kullum zaci su zama 36,6 ° C. Wannan darajar ne da ke nuni da zafi a cikin jiki da kuma dole ne nazarin halittu m. Duk da haka jiki zafin jiki a karamar jeri iya bambanta, msl, dangane da lokaci na rana, wanda kuma shi ne na kullum. Its mafi ƙasƙanci darajar rubuce tsakanin 2 da 4 ƙarfe da safe, kuma mafi girma tsakanin 4 da kuma 7 am. A sassa daban daban na jiki zafin jiki karatu suna kuma canza, tare da lokaci na rana shi ne m. Saboda haka, a cikin dubura dauke al'ada dabi'u da 37,2 ° C zuwa 37,5 ° C, da kuma bakin daga 36,5 ° C zuwa 37,5 ° C. Bugu da kari, su zafin jiki ne na al'ada kowane sashen. A mafi daya a cikin hanta, inda ya kai gare shi da matakin na 38 ° C zuwa 40 ° C. Amma a yanayin damina na jiki zafin jiki canji kamata ba dimi. Thermoregulatory rawa ne daidai da kiyaye shi m karkashin duk muhalli da yanayi. A magani shi ne ake kira homeothermy, kuma da akai da yawan zafin jiki da ake kira isotherms.

Take hakkin thermoregulation da kwayoyin halayyar kara ko ragewa jiki zafin jiki dabi'u. Akwai bayyana kewayon da manya da ƙananan dabi'u, bayan da za ka iya ba ka tafi, saboda yana kaiwa zuwa mutuwa. A wasu farfado da mutum zai iya tsira idan ta yanayin jiki saukar da zuwa 25 ° C ko tashi zuwa 42 ° C, ko da yake akwai lokuta rayuwa karkashin mafi muni, wãtau dabi'u.

A ra'ayi na thermoregulation

Conventionally, jikin mutum iya wakilta a cikin wani nau'i na core tare da akai zazzabi, da kuma wani harsashi, inda ya canjãwa. Kwaya matakai faruwa a sakamakon wanda kadan aka saki. Ta hanyar da harsashi tsakanin waje yanayi da zafin musayar core. A zafi Madogararsa shi ne abincin da muke ci, a kullum. Lokacin da sarrafa abinci, hadawan abu da iskar shaka na fats, sunadarai, hydrocarbons, Ina nufin, halayen da metabolism. A lokacin da shakka, da kuma kafa zafi samar. Jigon thermoregulation ne don kula da daidaituwa tsakanin zafi musayar kuma samuwar zafi. A wasu kalmomin, da yanayin jiki ya cikin al'ada iyaka, da harsashi dole ne a ba da zafi matsakaici muddin dai aka kafa a cikin zuciyar. Take hakkin jiki thermoregulation faruwa a lokacin akwai wani kudin cika zafi, ko, a akasin haka, shi ya sa ya mai yawa fiye da wani harsashi iya kawo wa muhalli.

Wannan na iya zama saboda:

- muhalli da yanayi (ma zafi ko sanyi).

- ƙara fiznagruzok.

- ba dace weather tufafi.

- shan wasu magungunan.

- barasa ci.

- gaban cuta (dystonia, kwakwalwa ƙari, da ciwon sukari insipidus, daban-daban syndromes matsalar aiki na samfur na hypothalamus, thyrotoxic rikicin da sauransu).

Thermoregulation a hanyoyi biyu:

1. Chemical.

2. jiki.

Bari mu bincika su daki-daki.

A sunadarai Hanyar

Ya dogara ne a kan dangantaka tsakanin adadin generated zafi a cikin jiki da kuma kudi na exothermic halayen. Chemical irin hada da hanyoyi biyu na rike da ake so zazzabi - contractile da kuma wadanda ba rawan jiki thermogenesis.

Contractile fara aiki a lokacin da wajibi ne a kara jiki da yawan zafin jiki, misali a daukan hotuna da sanyi. Mu lura da shi da kiwon da hairs a jiki ko ta hanyar guje "Goose bumps", wanda suna micro-vibration. Suna iya kara zafi samarwa zuwa 40%. A mafi tsanani sanyi da muka fara rawar jiki. Wannan ma shi ne kome kamar yadda thermoregulation hanya a wanda ƙarni na zafi ne ya karu game da 2.5 sau. Bayan involuntary reflex martani ga sanyi, mutane motsi, ya iya tada zafin jiki a jikinka. Take hakkin thermoregulation a cikin wannan hali ya auku a lokacin da daukan hotuna zuwa sanyi yayi tsawo da yawa, ko da yawan zafin jiki ne ma low, sakamakon kunnawa na musayar kasa, don samar da ake so adadin zafi na halayen. A magani, a yanayin da ake kira hypothermia.

Thermogenesis iya rawan jiki, cewa an gudanar ba tare da sa hannu na tsokoki. Metabolism aka ragae ko kara a ƙarƙashin rinjayar wasu likita shirye-shirye, idan ya karu samar da hormones a cikin thyroid gland shine yake da adrenal medulla, tare da karin ayyuka na m juyayi tsarin. Sanadin mutum thermoregulation a cikin wannan hali ƙarya a cikin muka ambata a sama cututtuka na thyroid gland shine yake gabobin, da tsakiya m tsarin, take hakkin da adrenal aiki. Bayani game da canje-canje a cikin zafin jiki ko da yaushe abubuwa a cikin CNS. Heat cibiyar aka located in wani kankanin sashe na tsaka-tsaki kwakwalwa, da hypothalamus. An ware gaban yankin alhakin zafi musayar, kuma a bãyansu, alhakin samar da zafi. CNS Pathology ko tabarbarewa na hypothalamus karya da jitu aiki na wadannan sassa, wanda adversely rinjayar da thermoregulation.

A tsanani na zafi, da kuma a Bugu da kari, wasu jijiyoyin bugun gini aiki ne ya rinjayi hormones T3 da T4 thyroid. A al'ada jihar domin kare zafi, tasoshin constrict, kuma don rage shi, fadada. Californian masana kimiyya sun nuna cewa hormones iya "tsoma baki" tasoshin, haddasa su zuwa kasa don amsa da adadin zafi da kuma bukatar jikinsa. A likita yi, sau da yawa lura take hakkin thermoregulation a marasa lafiya bincikar lafiya tare da wani kwakwalwa ƙari ko thyrotoxic rikicin.

The jiki Hanyar

Ya na da aikin zafi asarar da yanayi, wanda aka za'ayi da hanyoyin da dama:

1. radiation. Yana da na kowa ga duk jikinsu da kuma batutuwa, da yawan zafin jiki wanda ya fi sifili. Radiation ne electromagnetic taguwar ruwa a cikin infrared kewayo. A zazzabi na 20 ° C da 60% zafi, adult hasarar 50% na da zafi.

2. madugu, wanda ke nufin zafi asarar a colder ga tabawa abubuwa. Ya dogara da yankin na tuntužar saman da lamba duration.

3. Convection sanyaya na jiki yana nufin cewa barbashi na matsakaici (iska, ruwa). Irin wannan barbashi da lãbãri jiki dauki zafi, da kuma zafin rana da tashi, bada wuri zuwa wani sabon colder barbashi.

4. The evaporation. Wannan shi ne duk saba wa gumi, kazalika da danshin da danshi daga mucous a lokacin numfashi.

A cikin mahallin da rashin amfani da wadannan hanyoyi akwai wani take hakkin thermoregulation na jiki. A dalilai domin wannan zai iya zama daban-daban. Saboda haka, convection da kuma madugu asarar da za a rage zuwa sifili, ko idan mutum ya wajaba a tufa ban tangency tare da iska ko wani abu, da kuma danshin ba zai yiwu a 100% zafi. A daya hannun, a manyan zafi kunnawa ma take kaiwa zuwa wani tashin hankali na thermoregulation. Alal misali, convection inganta da iska da kuma kara maimaitawa a cikin ruwan sanyi. Wannan shi ne daya daga cikin dalilan da ya sa mutane su ma san yadda za a iyo da kyau, ya mutu a shipwrecks.

Thermoregulation a cikin tsofaffi

mu dubi sama, abin da su ne thermoregulation na jikin mutum da kuma haddasawa da suka faru, amma ba tare da shan la'akari shekaru fasali. Duk da haka, mutane da ikon sarrafa jiki zafin jiki a lokacin rayuwar juya hali.

Tsohon mutane an keta sunadaran na hypothalamus, yin kima na yanayi zazzabi. Ba su kai tsaye ji da sanyi tsaye a kan kankara bene, kuma ba nan da nan ya amsa ruwan zafi, msl, a wani shawa. Saboda haka, da suka iya cutar da kansu (cika da qarfin, qona). An lura da cewa mazan mutane ba su ma gunaguni game da sanyi, bad yanayi, ta bayyana groundless damunsu, da kuma lokacin da ka ƙirƙiri su a dadi sauyin yanayi duk wadannan cutarwa "bayyanar cututtuka" na yanayin na tsufa ƙi ko bace.

A daidai wannan lokaci, da yawa haihuwa mutane suna misãlin ko da tare da fairly dadi iska yanayin zafi. Su sau da yawa za gani a kan dumi rani rana ado a hunturu. Irin wannan canje-canje thermoregulation ne saboda Sistem sakulasan cuta da kuma karu a haemoglobin matakan.

Tsohon mutane ne da ba kawai da sanyi, amma zafin rana da kuma amsa da ɗan daban. A high na yanayi yanayin zafi, sweating da suka fara daga baya kuma maido matsayin jiki zafin jiki yi ne a hankali. A wasu kalmomin, da bayyanar cututtuka na hypothermia ko zafi fiye da kima, suka fara bayyana daga baya fiye da a cikin matasa, da kuma jiki ta dawo da shi ne mafi wuya.

Take hakkin thermoregulation a cikin yaro

Domin yaron ta jiki ne halin da sauran fasali na tsarin na thermoregulation. A jarirai shi ne sosai ajizai. Jarirai aka haife tare da yanayin jiki a cikin kewayon 37,7 ° C - 38,2 ° C. Bayan sa'o'i da dama da zai sauka ta game 2 ° C, sa'an nan kuma ya kai 37 ° C, da cewa ya kamata ba sa damuwa. Higher rates iya sigina na farkon kowane cuta. A ajizanci na aikin thermoregulation tsarin a jarirai kamata a cika ta hanyar halittar Shi zama da yanayin damina. Saboda haka, har zuwa 1 ga watan a yara bukatar kula da iska zazzabi 32 ° C - 35 ° C, idan jariri yana undressed, da kuma 23 ° C - 26 ° C, idan ta zapelenut. Ta da thermoregulation bukatar a fara da sauki - ba don sa hula a kai. A yara girmi 1 ga watan, da zazzabi nagartacce an rage by game 2 ° C.

Yara haife prematurely da karin tsanani matsaloli tare da gwamnoni, don haka a farkon zamanin, makonni da kuma wani lokacin dauke da su a cikin wani na musamman cell. All jan tare da su, ciki har da igiyar, tsaftacewa da ciyar da kuma za'ayi a cuvettes.

Yana stabilizes jiki yawan zafin jiki kula kawai 8 shekara.

Take hakkin thermoregulation a cikin jariri na iya faruwa ga wadannan dalilai:

- yanã raunanar da sakamako a kan hypothalamus (fetal hypoxia, hypoxia Generic, intracranial rauni a lokacin haihuwa).

- nakasar CNS Pathology.

- hypothermia.

- zafi fiye da kima (wuce kima Kintsa).

- kwayoyi (beta-blockers).

- sauyin yanayi (faru sa'ad da kake tafiya tare da iyaye na jarirai).

A jarirai da yawan zafin jiki auna a cikin hamata aka dauke al'ada a cikin kewayon daga 36,4 ° C zuwa 37,5 ° C. Lower dabi'u iya nuna tamowa, jijiyoyin bugun gini insufficiency. Higher dabi'u nuna abin da ke faruwa a cikin jiki kumburi.

Alamun hypothermia thermoregulation

Dangane da dalilin da matsalar aiki na samfur a cikin iko da yanayin jiki, akwai daban-daban alamun wani take hakkin thermoregulation na jiki. Alamun supercooling ko hypothermia fara bayyana a rage jiki zafin jiki ƙananan fiye da 35 ° C. Irin wannan jiha na iya faruwa a lokacin da shafe tsawon daukan hotuna zuwa sanyi weather ko a ruwa. Ga talakawan mutum na ruwa zazzabi a cikin kewayon 26-28 ° C yana dauke m, Ina nufin, zai iya zama isasshe tsawon. By rage lokaci na wadannan Manuniya, wanda zai iya zama a cikin wani ruwa-ruwa matsakaici ba tare da lalacewar kiwon lafiya, da rage-rage da cika fuska. Alal misali, a t = 18 ° C bai wuce minti 30.

Hypothermia, dangane da wuya daga cikin kwarara, qunshi uku matakai:

- haske (yanayin jiki daga 35 ° C zuwa 34 ° C).

- nufin (t = 34 ° C zuwa 30 ° C).

- m (t = 30 ° C zuwa 25 ° C).

Alamun da m irin:

- Goose bumps.

- cyanosis.

- jiki rawar jiki.

- shortness na numfashi;

- wani lokacin akwai wani karuwa a jini dabi'u.

A kara take hakkin thermoregulation matakai da aka ci gaba.

A aka azabtar bayyanar cututtuka irin:

- low jini;

- bradycardia.

- shortness na numfashi;

- constriction na ƴan;

- lõkacin fatara daga rawan jiki a cikin jiki.

- bacewar zafi ƙwarai.

- hanawa na reflexes.

- asarar sani.

- coma.

Jiyya na hypothermia

Idan, saboda supercooling take hakkin ya faru thermoregulation na jiki, magani ya kamata a da nufin kara yanayin jiki. A m hypothermia kawai bi wadannan matakai:

- je zuwa wani wuri dumi.

- sha zafi shayi.

- Rub da kafafu da kuma sa on dumi safa.

- dauki wani zafi wanka.

Idan ba za ka iya sauri samun a cikin zafi, shi wajibi ne don fara aiki ƙungiyoyi - tsalle, shafa hannuwanku (ba snow), auduga, wani wasan motsa jiki.

Taimakon farko ga wata na biyu take hakkin thermoregulation, musamman uku mataki ya kamata a bayar da mafi kusantan mutane kamar yadda aka azabtar iya daina kula da kansu. A algorithm ne:

- don matsar da mutum zuwa wani dumi.

- sauri ya dauki kashe tufafinsa.

- shãfa jiki;

- to kunsa up a bargo, kuma mafi masana'anta ba breathable.

- idan ba a gaji da damuwa hadiya reflex, sha dumi taya (shayi, broth, ruwa, ba barasa!).

Idan zai yiwu, ka bukaci ka kira motar asibiti da kuma kawo haƙuri zuwa asibiti, inda magani zai iya za'ayi tare da yin amfani da tsoka relaxants, analgesics, antihistamines da anti-mai kumburi da kwayoyi, bitamin. A wasu lokuta, da za'ayi farfado, wani lokacin shi wajibi ne don yanka frostbitten wata gabar jiki.

A yara, da ya faru na hypothermia auku mafi sau da yawa. Lokacin da supercooling su bukatar dumi Kintsa, ba akwati ko dumi madara. Excellent hanyar haramta motsa thermoregulation ne hardening, cewa iyaye ya kamata rike da jariri a cikin watannin farko na rayuwa. A matakin farko shi ne baho iska da kuma sabo ne iska. Daga bisani kara kafafu rigar shafan zane, wanke da ruwan sanyi, iyo da hankali karu a ruwa zazzabi, tafiya m.

hyperthermia

Yunƙurin a jiki zafin jiki, ko hyperthermia ne kusan ko da yaushe wani take hakkin thermoregulation na jiki. A dalilan iya zama kamar haka:

- Mutane da yawa cututtuka (rauni, kamuwa da cuta, kumburi, dystonia).

- Tsawo mai daukan hotuna da rana;

- tufafi, ya hana gumi.

- danniya.

- ƙara jiki aiki.

- overeating.

Idan haƙuri yana da bayyanar cututtuka na wani rashin lafiya (tari, gastrointestinal cuta, gunaguni na jin zafi a cikin gabobin, da dai sauransu), shi dole ne hadu da jerin bincike gwaje-gwaje domin gano dalilin da zazzabi Yunƙurin:

- jini gwajin.

- fitsari bincike.

- X-haskoki.

- ECG.

- duban dan tayi.

Bayan kamu, magani ne da za'ayi saukar da cuta da cewa a layi daya mayar da jiki zafin jiki zuwa al'ada dabi'u.

Idan saboda zafi fiye da kima ya faru thermoregulation tashin hankali, magani ne don ƙirƙirar yanayi na sabuntawa na shafa jikin tsarin aiki. Lokacin bugun zafin rana bayyanar cututtuka irin:

- malaise.

- ciwon kai.

- tashin zuciya.

- zazzabi.

- ƙara sweating.

- wani lokacin convulsions, asarar sani, kuma nosebleeds.

A aka azabtar dole ne a sanya a cikin wani sanyi wuri (zai fi dacewa gado, kuma ya dauke da kafafu), da kuma:

- a kan tsiri kamar yadda zai yiwu.

- goge jiki da damp zane.

- sa a goshin sanyi damfara.

- sha sanyi salted ruwa.

Heat bugun jini ne na uku irin tsanani:

- haske (jiki zafin jiki ya karu kadan).

- nufin (t = 39 ° C zuwa 40 ° C).

- m (t = 41 ° C zuwa 42 ° C).

Easy form aka bayyana ciwon kai, wani rauni, gajiya, m numfashi, tachycardia. Kamar yadda magani iya daukar wani sanyi shawa da kuma sha ruwan kwalba.

Take hakkin thermoregulation na jikin mutum a tsakiyar cikin hanyar nuna irin cututtuka:

- rauni.

- tashin zuciya ga amai.

- ciwon kai.

- tachycardia.

- wani lokacin asarar sani.

Alamun mai tsanani:

- rikice .

- convulsions.

- thready bugun jini m.

- numfashi m, m.

- zuciya sauti muffled.

- fata zafi da kuma bushe.

- anuria.

- r ?? i kuma hallucinations.

- canje-canje a cikin jini abun da ke ciki (akan rage chlorides, da karuwa a urea da kuma saura nitrogen).

A matsakaici da kuma mai tsanani siffofin da m far, ciki har da allura "Promethazine" ko "Diazepam" alamomi da gudanarwa analgesics, neuroleptics, cardiac glycosides. Kafin zuwa na motar asibiti da aka azabtar dole ne undressed, shafa tare da ruwan sanyi, saka kankara a cikin makwancin gwaiwa, armpits, a goshin da kuma wuyansa.

gaira cuta thermoregulation

Wannan Pathology aka lura a hypothalamic tabarbarewa, kuma zai iya bayyana a matsayin hypo da hyperthermia.

dalilai:

- nakasar Pathology.

- kumburi.

- intracranial kamuwa da cuta.

- alãmõmin radiation;

- bulimia.

- anorexia.

- tamowa.

- wani overabundance na baƙin ƙarfe.

bayyanar cututtuka:

- marasa lafiya ne daidai da talauci kiyaye, da kuma sanyi da zafi.

- kullum sanyi extremities.

- a lokacin da rana da zafin jiki da rage m.

- low-sa zazzabi ba ta amsawa maganin rigakafi, glucocorticoids.

- ragewan da yawan zafin jiki al'ada dabi'u bayan barci bayan samun sedatives.

- dangane da yawan zafin jiki da hawa da sauka da Psycho-wani tunanin danniya.

- wasu alamu na hypothalamic tabarbarewa.

Jiyya ne da za'ayi dangane da matsalolin da hypothalamus. A wasu lokuta shi ne isa ya sanya da haƙuri da dama rage cin abinci, wasu bukatar hormone far, da kuma a cikin na uku - tiyata.

perfrigeration ciwo kuma nuna take hakkin thermoregulation. Wadanda suke da wannan ciwo suna kullum misãlin, har ma a lokacin rani. A zafin jiki a wannan harka shi ne sau da yawa al'ada ko dan kadan dagagge, low-sa zazzabi yana da tsawo da kuma monotonous. Irin wadannan mutane na iya zama kwatsam saki na matsa lamba, bugun jini rãyar, akwai numfashi cuta da kuma wuce kima sweating, gaji da damuwa da bege da kuma dalili. Nazarin ya nuna cewa a cikin hanyar perfrigeration ciwo ne cuta a cikin autonomic juyayi tsarin.