Tabasaranskiy aikin hannu kafet: photo

Kamar yadda ka sani, a Indiya yin shayi, motoci - a Jamus, da kuma m tari woolen kyãwãwa, m kyau na launi haduwa da alamu - a Tabasaran. A Dagestan, kafet sakar da aka dauke su ya fi na kowa, a Bugu da kari, daya daga cikin mafi tsoho siffofin arts da sana'o'i. A cikin wannan labarin, za mu koyi cewa wakiltar Tabasaran rugs aikin hannu, photos of wanda aka nuna a kasa.

A labarin na

Game da Dagestani kyãwãwa farko ambaci za a iya samu a cikin rubuce-rubucen da Herodotus, "The ubanninmu na tarihi." Dalili na Dagestan classic kafet a kan hadisai na sana'a Gabas. Mutane da yawa ƙarni Turawa aika cinikayya expeditions ga kasar Sin da na Farisa, to kawo siliki da katĩfun Abkara akwai. Kowane kai mutunta monarch ko aristocrat da wani watsi da gabashin mamaki da kyau rugs. Af, mafi tsoho kafet, sauko wa yau, an samu a shekarar 1949 a lokacin da tono da kuma yanzu kunshe a cikin zinariya tarin daga cikin shahararrun hermitage.

makoman

Shi ne m zuwa zaton cewa asalin kyãwãwa aka tsara kawai a matsayin wani alatu abu. Ko da ya fi tsada kafet Tabasaran da farko yana da wani kunkuntar aikin.

A zamanin d Gabas, yafi makiyaya zauna. Kuma cewa abu mafi muhimmanci a nomad? A farko - mai kyau portability, na biyu - mai sauri kyautata gidajensu, da uku - a dogara da kariya a kan yanayin damina, a wasu kalmomin, da cewa shi ya bushe da dumi. Cikakken kyãwãwa daidai gana da duk wadannan bukatun, dole ga al'ada rai na makiyaya. Hakika, waɗanda kyãwãwa bambanta ƙwarai daga waɗanda muke gani a yau. Amma a cikin wannan hanya harsãshensa aka aza kafet sakar.

Kawai sai mutane suka fahimci cewa kafet iya zama fiye da kawai kariya daga iska, shi ne kuma mai girma hanyar tsaya fita daga dangi. Saboda haka, da muka fara zuwa saƙa dadi da katĩfun Abkara kyãwãwa. Wannan shi ya haifar a kan gaskiyar cewa kyakkyawa, inganci da yawa daga kyãwãwa sun tafka na ci gaba da mutum. Bugu da kari, kowane mulkin Gabas kokarin kewaye da kanka tare da dadi da kuma m kayayyakin, haka jaddada su magabaci.

quality

Af, ka sani, kamar a Dagestan a zamanin da ya bari kowane Tabasaran kafet a kan ingancin? Quality iko kafin gudanar a 3, saukarwa. Na farko, wani garke na dawakai, sun shige ta da saka kafet. Na biyu, bayan da samfurin da aka gudanar na tsawon kwanaki, a karkashin iskar rana. Na uku, kyãwãwa tsoma a ruwan sanyi, wanda aka bar ga wani lokaci. Idan, bayan irin wannan "gwaji" rugs su shikan Properties ba a rasa ba, an yi imani da cewa master aikata aiki mai kyau. Ga fasahar!

Tabasaran VS Persian kyãwãwa

Shin yana yiwuwa a gwada duk Tabasaran kafet da Iran (Persian)? Za ka iya kuma ya kamata ka yi shi. Ko da yake ya kamata ka ba detract daga daraja, basira da kuma ingancin Iran sana'a, da hujjojin da zama facts. A cikin Persian Carpet talakawan "rayuwa Hasashen" na zuwa 150 shekara, yayin da kyãwãwa a Dagestan "zai rayu" har zuwa shekaru 400. Sai dai in, ba shakka, sun "amfani" ga manufar da aka nufa. A wannan yanayin, duk na sama Figures za a iya dangana ne kawai zuwa kyãwãwa yi da hannu.

jinsunan

A kudancin Dagestan da gudummawar da m ci gaba da kafet 3 dalilai: da kusanci na Iran (Farisa). cewa a wannan wuri shi ne Silk Road. aiki yaduwar addinin Musulunci. Domin da dama ƙarni, da Caucasus, cibiyar cinikayya da aka dauke da garin Derbent, wanda aiki a matsayin wani outpost na gabas da yamma. A garin na daga cikin Silk Road hanya. Hakika, shi ya ba impetus zuwa aiki cin gaban daban-daban handicrafts, musamman kafet. Bugu da kari, da yawa 'yan kasuwa gane cewa shi zai iya Derbend sami ulu zaren launi daban-daban da kuma launuka (gida sana'a halitta dyes samu daga ganye da kuma shrubs).

Zaka kuma iya bayyana tasirin da yaduwar addinin Musulunci a Arewa Caucasus. Persian sana'a da kuma yan kasuwa sun fi son su raba asirin su ba, da kuma kayayyakin sau da yawa saya daga Musulmi yawan jama'a. Bugu da kari, kafin tallafi na namaz (addu'a) da ba lokacin a kan tabarma, mai lakabin "namazlyk".

Yana ce shi duka a cikin aiki ci gaban cinikayya tsakanin mazauna Arewa Caucasus. Ko da yake shi zai zama m zuwa ce cewa kawai Tabasarans daban-daban hadisai na kafet sakar. Ka lura da cewa wannan shi ne kasa craft. A lokaci guda duk mutanen Daghestan aka tsunduma a kafet sakar. Saboda haka, Lezgins a cikin kauyuka kaji, Akhty, Kasumkent saka kyãwãwa tare da babban rabo mai girma. Avar kauyen Tsada Hunzaha, Gergebil nuna high quality lint-free kyãwãwa. A wannan shiri na Dargins Levashev samar woolen kyãwãwa. Rayuwa ne a kauyuka Kayakent, Durgeli, Bugle Kumyks samar da patterned woolen kyãwãwa da felted mats. Saboda haka za ka iya lissafa kusan kowace al'umma, wanda ya kashe babban kokarin da a ci gaba da wannan sana'a.

tufted kyãwãwa

Za ka iya magana da wani dogon lokaci game da daban-daban iri tari kyãwãwa, amma wannan ya sa kadan ma'ana. Bari mu magana game da su fasali. Saboda haka Tabasaran tari kafet a cikin gargajiya version za a iya samu a daban-daban na lissafi images cewa wakiltar dabbobi, tsirrai da mutane. Saboda haka, kafin umelitsy yin amfani da wadannan lissafi images nuna duniya kewaye da su. Masana kimiyya kira wannan sabon abu "da harshen kafet art". Af, a kan irin kayayyakin da aka sau da yawa sosai wanda aka nuna dukan bikin da kuma yaƙi al'amuran. A tsawon lokaci, da harshen da aka rasa, da kuma hotuna da aka sawa kawai na ado.

Shi ne ya kamata a lura da cewa dukkan wadannan kyãwãwa da na kowa compositional tsarin: iyaka da kuma tsakiyar filin.

ado

Har ila yau ban sha'awa alamu Tabasaranskiy kyãwãwa, wanda akwai uku main iri:

1. Fage - kwaikwaya ba tare da wani babbar Figures, tare da kananan figurines cika janar bango.
2. Centered - ado da ke cikin su zo saukar zuwa gano da babban Figures na kafet, da ake kira "medallion".
3. Kaimova - juna da aka tsara a cikin irin wannan hanya kamar yadda ya jawo hankalin hankalin da mutum a cikin "Iyakar" samfurin. Wannan irin ornamentation kuma ake kira "Kaimova".

Ganin Tabasaran kafet, ba a ma maganar da launi, wanda sa'an nan koma sana'a. Fage tari na kusan dukan kayayyakin dauke ceri ja ko shudi, wanda ya kamata a ka'idar ma siga look. Amma da launi jituwa da aka samu ta hanyar yin amfani da matsakaici da kuma kananan guda na launi daban-daban.

tari kyãwãwa

Wannan kungiyar hada wuce yarda da kyau Lezgin da Azerbaijani Sumac. Su babban alama - wani babban gida amfani. Suna da farko yi amfani da ga kasa marufai (kyãwãwa tufted, misali, an yi amfani da kawai ga ganuwar). Su ne yafi sauki kyãwãwa. Bugu da kari, suna da yawa softer saboda a lokacin da suka samar da amfani musamman sakar dabara don barin karkashin kafet ulu zaren har zuwa 15 cm (shi ne don haka taushi da kuma suka yi).

Lint-free Tabasaran kafet (ga photo a cikin labarin) - shi ne kuma "davaginy". Su fassara siffofin shi ne cewa su ne 2-mai gefe, da kuma da duhu blue ko blue bango a kan abin da juna ( "rukzal"). Wadannan rugs iya sau da yawa a iya samu a Avars. Babban abin kwaikwaya aka hada da daban-daban "medallion" da kuma appendages, wadannan "medallion" reshe.

Shi ne kuma dole a gaya game da irin wannan lint-free Dagestani kyãwãwa kamar yadda kyãwãwa. Suka yi na auduga, ulu da hemp. Palacio irin kyau da kuma hadadden alamu, kamar zane Tabasaranskiy kyãwãwa ba, amma su ne wuce yarda da m, kuma sau da yawa suna amfani da rayuwar yau da kullum. Kowace al'umma kyãwãwa Kiran da kansa hanya: da Azerbaijanis ne "Palaz", "Barchan" a Tabasarans, "Rugini" a Lezghins "Turuta" daga Avars da sauransu.

ji kyãwãwa

Shi ne ya kamata a lura da cewa wadannan kyãwãwa ne sosai na kowa a Dagestan dake arewacin al'umma - Nogai, Avars, Kumyk, Dargin. Mafi na kowa ji kyãwãwa - arbabashy. Suna sanya na ji a launi daban-daban. Suna superimposed a kan juna, ta haka ne samar da wani abin kwaikwaya.