Sunayen Rasha tsarkaka. Zaune na Rasha tsarkaka

Tsarki - shi ne zuciya tsarki, neman uncreated allahntaka makamashi bayyana a cikin kyautai na Ruhu Mai Tsarki a matsayin sa na canza launin haskoki a cikin hasken rana bakan. Mãsu taƙawa ascetics ne mahada tsakanin duniya duniya da Mulkin sama. Imbued da hasken Allah alheri, suka, ta hanyar da kallo na Allah da kuma tarayya da Allah, to san mafi girma na ruhaniya asirai. A duniya rai mai tsarki, ana yin feat na kai musu saboda Ubangiji, sami mafi girma alherin da wahayin allahntaka. Kamar yadda Littafi Mai Tsarki koyarwa, tsarki - a kama mutum ga Allah, wanda shi ne guda m-kamiltaccen rai da musamman Madogararsa.

Mene ne canonization

Church hanya chargeability daga sãlihai a cikin tsarkaka ne ake kira canonization. Yana karfafa muminai da su karanta wani gane saint a da jama'a bauta. Matsayin mai mulkin, da coci da taƙawa Earsbe fitarwa na kasa ɗaukaka da girma, amma yana da aiki na canonization yarda ka tsarkake mai tsarki halittar icons, rubuta Zaune, tari na da salla, kuma coci ayyuka. Dalilin da hukuma canonization iya zama ya kyautata aiki, halitta su m ayyukansu, rayuwarsa ko shahadar. Kuma bayan rasuwar wani mutum za a iya gane a matsayin saint saboda marar lalacewa sauran kaya, ko da suka samo asali daga ragowar mu'ujjizansa na waraka.

A cikin taron cewa wani saint aka girmama a cikin wannan Haikali, da gari ko sufi, ce diocesan, gida canonization.

Yana gane hukuma coci da kuma kasancewar ba a sani ba tsarkaka tabbatarwa da taƙawa wanda aka ba tukuna aka sani zuwa ga dukan ikilisiyar Kirista. Suna da ake kira da girmamawa matacce sãlihai, kuma ku bauta musu da tunawa da sabis, yayin da canonized tsarkaka molebens.

Wannan shi ne dalilin da ya sa sunayen Rasha tsarkaka, wanda girmamawa a daya diocese, na iya zama daban-daban da kuma ba su san a parishioners na gari.

Wanda aka canonized a Rasha

Wahala Rasha ya generated fiye da dubu shahidai da kuma shahidai. All sunayen mutane Rasha ƙasar tsarkaka wanda aka canonized, suna kunshe a cikin kalanda, ko mesyatseslov. Classing da kawai dama a hukumance a saint asali mallaki Kiev, kuma daga baya Moscow, Metropolitan. A farko canonization aka gabãta ta exhumation da ya rage daga sãlihai don ƙirƙirar wata mu'ujiza da su. A 11-16 ƙarni aka gano binne sarakuna Boris da Gleb, Princess Olga, Feodosiya Pecherskogo.

Tun da na biyu da rabi na 16th karni, a lokacin da Lardi Macarius, na da hakkin ya canonize tsarkaka wuce zuwa coci majalisa a Primate. Gida da bude kofa dalĩli wanzu a Rasha a lokacin shekaru 600 na Orthodox Church, ya tabbatar da yawa Rasha tsarkaka. Jerin sunayen da adalci Tsarki ya tabbata Makarii babban coci da aka cika up ambata sunayen 39 tsarki taƙawa Kiristoci.

Byzantine mulki canonization

A 17th karni Rasha Orthodox Church bada kai rinjayar zamanin d Byzantine dokoki na canonization. A wannan lokacin, canonized, mafi yawa firistoci, domin suna da wani coci san. Har ila yau chargeability cancanci mishaneri dauke da bangaskiya, da kuma shirka da gina sabon majami'u da kuma gidajen lama. Da kuma bukatar ga halittar mu'ujizai ya rasa ta munasaba. Saboda haka shi aka canonized 150 tsarkaka, yafi daga cikin sufaye da babban limaman da Church Calendar sabon sunayen shiga cikin Rasha Orthodox tsarkaka.

A weakening na da tasiri na coci

A 18-19 ƙarni da kawai da hakkin ya canonize Mai Tsarki taron majalisar Krista. Wannan lokaci ne halin da rage a cikin ayyuka na Church da weakening na da tasiri a kan kafofin tafiyar matakai. Kafin hawa zuwa kursiyin Nicholas II ya faru ne kawai hudu canonization. A lokacin gajeren mulkinsa na Romanovs tsarkaka sun ranked bakwai Kirista, da kuma kalandar sun kara sabon sunayen Rasha tsarkaka.

By farkon karni na 20th, aka sanya su kalandarku a gida gane da kuma Rasha tsarkaka, da jerin sunayen da aka complemented jerin da ya tashi Orthodox Kiristoci, wanda tunawa da sabis da aka faruwa.

Yau canonization

Farko na zamani lokaci na tarihin canonizations, gudanar da Rasha Orthodox Church za a iya daukan gudanar a 1917-18 Local Council, wanda aka canonized tsarkaka fāɗin duniya waliyai Rasha tsarkaka Sophrony Joseph na Irkutsk da Astrakhan. Sa'an nan, a shekarar 1970, aka canonized uku malamin - Jamus Alyaskinsky, Japan, Archbishop da Lardi na Moscow da kuma Kolomna Innocent.

A cikin shekara na Millennium Kiristanci Rasha shige sabon canonization, wanda aka gane kamar yadda mãsu taƙawa Xenia na Petersburg, Dmitry Donskoy da sauran, kasa sanannun, Rasha Orthodox tsarkaka.

"Kamar yadda shahidai 'A shekarar 2000 da ranar tunawa Council of Bishops, wanda aka canonized Tsar Nicholas II da sarauta iyali na Romanovs.

Da farko canonization na Rasha Orthodox Church

Sunayen na farko Rasha tsarkaka wanda aka canonized Lardi Yahaya a 11th karni., Ya zama wata alama da bangaskiya ta gaske, da sabuwar yi masa baftisma mutane, da cikakken yarda da Orthodox norms. Shugabannin Boris da Gleb, 'ya'yan Prince Vladimira Svyatoslavicha, bayan da canonization kasance na farko da na samaniya kare Rasha Kiristoci. Boris da Gleb aka kashe da ɗan'uwansa a cikin internecine gwagwarmayar kursiyin Kiev a 1015. Mu ne sane da shirya yunkurin, tare da Kirista ƙanƙan da kai, suka yarda mutuwa saboda autocracy da kuma ta mutane da kwanciyar hankali.

Shugabannin veneration ya na da wani taro hali kafin amincewa da su tsarki da hukuma coci. Bayan da canonization na da ikon da 'yan'uwa da aka samu incorrupt kuma shi ne zamanin d Rasha mutane warkar da mu'ujizai. Kuma hawa zuwa kursiyin da sababbin shugabannin sanya hajji ga mai tsarki sauran kaya a search na albarka ga wani adalci sarautarsa, da kuma taimako a cikin feats na makamai. Ranar Tunawa da Saints Boris da Gleb bikin on Yuli 24th.

Samuwar Rasha tsarki 'yan'uwantaka

Haka bayan Boris da Gleb matsayin saint aka canonized Theodosius Pechersky. Na biyu kauri canonization, gudanar da Rasha coci da ya faru a 1108. Theodosius dauke da uba na Rasha zaman zuhudu da kafa, tare da ya shawarta Anthony, da Kiev-Pechersk sufi. Malami da dalibi ya nuna biyu hanyoyi daban-daban na zuhudu biyayya - daya mai tsanani asceticism, renunciation dukkan abubuwan duniya, da kuma wasu - da ƙanƙan da kai, da kuma kerawa ga ɗaukakar Allah.

A cikin kogwanni da Kiev-Pechersk sufi, qazanta sunayen wadanda suka kafa, da sauran kaya daga 118 novices na sufi, da suka rayu kafin da kuma bayan da Tatar-Mongol karkiya. Canonized su duka a 1643, kai a total sabis, da kuma a 1762 sunayen Rasha tsarkaka da aka rubuta a cikin kalanda.

Reverend Ibrahim Smolensky

Game da m pre-Mongol lokaci, sosai kadan ne da aka sani. Avraamiy Smolensky, daya daga cikin 'yan tsarkaka na cewa lokaci, wanda tsira cikakken tarihinsa, ya wallafa da ya almajiri. Ibrahim dogon girmamawa a garinsu kafin canonization Makarii babban coci a 1549. Rarraba ga mabukata, duk wa dukiyarsa bar bayan mutuwar wani m iyali, goma sha uku yaro Ubangiji vyproshenny kawai dan bayan goma sha biyu da 'ya'ya mata, da Ibrahim ya zauna a talauci, yin addu'a domin ceto a lokacin Last iyãma. Sausaye wani m, ya aka kwashe addini littattafai da gumaka fentin. Reverend Ibrahim yaba da ceton Smolensk daga babban fari.

Cikin shahararrun sunayen tsarkaka na Rasha ƙasar

A wannan numfashi tare da waccan mujalla da muka Boris da Gleb, musamman alama ce Rasha Orthodoxy, babu kasa muhimmanci sunayen Rasha tsarkaka, ya zama majiɓinci, dukan mutane, ta hanyar da taimako ga Church ta sa hannu a cikin harkokin rayuwar jama'a.

Bayan samun 'yanci daga Mongol rinjayar Rasha zaman zuhudu suka ga manufar fadakarwa da al'ummai da al'ummai, kazalika da gina sabon gidajen lama da kuma haikalin a inda ba wanda yake zaune arewa-maso-gabashin jihohin. A mafi shahararren adadi na motsi ya St. Sergiy Radonezhsky. Domin bogoposlushnogo sirrin cell ya gina a kan tudu Makovec, inda daga baya ya gina Triniti-Sergius Lavra. A hankali, Sergei fara shiga sãlihai, wahayi zuwa gare ta koyarwarsa, wanda ya haifar da samuwar zuhudu cloister, zaune da 'ya'yan itatuwa na hannuwansu, ba sadaka daga cikin aminci. Sergius kansa ya yi aiki a gonar, kafa misali ga yan adam 'yan'uwansu. Dalibai na Sergiya Radonezhskogo aka gina 40 gidajen lama cikin Rasha.

St. Sergiy Radonezhsky dauki ra'ayin ibada ƙanƙan da kai, ba kawai talakawa mutane amma kuma hukuncin Elite. Kamar yadda wani da kere siyasa, ya gudummawar da daidaituwa na Rasha ikoki, da shugabanni na da bukatar shawo kan cohesion dauloli da disparate ƙasar.

Dmitry Donskoy

Great veneration na Sergiy Radonezhsky dadin a Rasha prince canonized, Dmitriya Ivanovicha Donskogo. Yana Sergius albarka sojojin aikin injiniya da Vampires a Dmitriem Donskim Kulikov yaƙi, amma ga Allah ta goyon baya da ya aiko biyu daga cikin novices.

Zama Duke a farkon yara, a cikin harkokin jihar, Dmitry sauraron tips Lardi Alexy, tsanani ga ambato wajen daidaituwa na Rasha ikoki a Moscow. Ba ko da yaushe, wannan tsari ya faru lumana. Ina karfi, da kuma inda ya yi aure (a Suzdal Princess) Dmitry Ivanovich Join da kewaye ƙasar zuwa birnin Moscow, inda ya gina na farko Kremlin.

Yana Dmitry Donskoy ya kafa a siyasa motsi, da nufin a daidaituwa na Rasha ikoki a kusa da birnin Moscow, don gina wani iko da jiha da wata siyasa (daga khans na Golden taro) da kuma akida (daga Byzantine coci) 'yancin kai. A shekara ta 2002, a cikin memory daga cikin Grand Prince Dmitry Donskoy da Sergius na Radonezh da aka kafa ta da Order "Ga Service ga Fatherland", cikakken Nazari da zurfin tasirin da wadannan tarihi Figures a cikin samuwar Rasha statehood. Wadannan Rasha mai tsarki maza Radel ga jindadin, 'yancin kai da zaman lafiya na al'umma mai girma.

Fuskoki (maki) Rasha tsarkaka

Dukan tsarkaka na duniya Church aka takaita a tara Choirs ko sahu na annabawa, manzannin, tsarkaka, shahidai, shahidi shahidi, confessors, baiwa, da kuma albarka wawaye.

Rasha Orthodox Church hannun jari da fuskoki daban-daban na tsarkaka a. Rasha mai tsarki maza, saboda tarihi yanayi, ya kasu kashi da wadannan darajoji:

Sarakuna. A farko m tsarkaka gane da Rasha coci zama sarakuna Boris da Gleb. Su feat ya yi hadaya a cikin sunan Rasha mutane da kwanciyar hankali. Wannan hali ya zama wani misali domin dukan sarakuna na lokacin Yaroslava Mudrogo, a lokacin da gaskiya da aka gane cewa da ikon, a cikin sunan wanda sarkin hadaya. Raba wannan daraja a kan Manzanni (disseminators Kiristanci - da Princess Olga, ta jika Vladimir, wanda baftisma Rasha), sufaye (shugabanninmu, sausaye wani m) da kuma Passion (wadanda ke fama da yakin jayayya, da kashe-kashen, kisan kai saboda bangaskiya).

A Ruhbãnãwa haƙĩƙa sunã. Saboda haka abin da ake kira tsarkaka da suka zaba, a cikin rãyuwar zuhudu biyayya (Antony da Theodosius Pechersky, Sergiy Radonezhsky, Iosif Volotsky, Serafim Sarovsky).

Saints - tsarkaka, da ciwon coci yanka, basing ya kāre na bangaskiya ma'aikata tsarki yada rukunan Kirista, Haikali filaye (Nifont Novgorodsky, Stefan Permsky).

Wãwãye (ni'ima) - tsarkaka, sawa a lokacin da yake rayuwa bayyanar hauka, alhãli kuwa sunã kãfirai rãyuwar darajar. Very manyan daraja na Rasha tsarkaka, a bayansa da, mafi yawa sufaye, dauke kasa zuhudu biyayya. Sun bar sufi, da barin Rags a titunan garuruwa da wahala zaman kansu (Vasiliy Blazhenny, St. Is'hãƙa da Recluse, da Saminu Palasdinawa, Xenia na Petersburg).

Tsarki laymen da matarsa. Wannan yanka Unites gane Mai Tsarki Child kashe, barranta arziki na Laity, da taƙawa, ya sãɓã, m soyayya ga mutane (Yulianiya Lazarevskaya, Artemy Verkola).

Zaune na Rasha tsarkaka

Zaune na Saints - a wallafe-wallafen aikin, hada da tarihi, kuma sada da kuma keɓaɓɓen bayani a kan adalci, da coci canonized. Zaune ne daya daga cikin tsofaffin wallafe-wallafen nau'o'i. Dangane da lokacin rubuce-rubuce da kuma kasar, wadannan treatises aka halitta a cikin nau'i na tarihin rayuwa, ENCOM (eulogy), Martyrius (shaida), Patericon. Style na rubutu rayuwar Byzantine, Roman kuma Yammacin addini al'adu muhimmanci daban-daban. Back a cikin 4th karni coci fara gama da Waliyyai da su tarihin rayuwa a cikin vaults, wanda ya kalanda view da ranar tunawa da taƙawa.

A Rasha, da rayukan bayyana tare da tallafi na Kristanci daga Rum zuwa Bulgarian da Serbian fassarorin a hade a cikin tarin karanta for watanni - da kalandarku a cikin Saints Zaune.

Tuni a cikin 11th karni akwai wani laudatory biography sarakuna Boris da Gleb, inda wani ba a sani ba marubucin Life - Rasha. Sunayen tsarkaka gane da Katolika da kuma kara da kalandarku. A 12th da 13th ƙarni, tare da zuhudu so zuwa fadakar da arewa maso gabashin Rasha, da kuma mai girma yawan sada ayyukansu. Rasha marubuta sun karanta a lokacin da Allahntaka ibadar, da rayuwa na Rasha tsarkaka. Sunayen, cikin jerin abin da aka gane da coci girmama, sun yanzu samu tarihi adadi, kuma tsarki ayyuka da mu'ujizai da aka gyarawa a cikin wallafe-wallafen abin tunawa.

A cikin karni na 15th akwai wani canji na style of rubuce-rubuce Zaune. Babban hankali da aka biya don marubuta ba su da ainihin data, da kuma kere m magana, da kyau na da wallafe-wallafen harshen, da kuma ikon karba da yawa m misãlai. Zama da aka sani da kere malaman Attaura da lokaci. Alal misali, Epiphanius Mai hikima, wanda ya rubuta wani m rayuwar Rasha tsarkaka, waɗanda sunayensu suke mafi shahara ga dukkan mutane - Stephen na Perm da Sergiya Radonezhskogo.

Mutane da yawa rayuwar aka salihai tushe ne na bayani game da muhimmanci abubuwan tarihin. Tarihin rayuwa da Aleksandra Nevskogo, za ka iya koyi game da siyasa tsakanin kasashen da taro. Rayuwar Boris da Gleb gaya na 'ya'yan sarakuna ba feuds kafin daidaituwa na Rasha. Samar da wani wallafe-wallafen da kuma sada ayyukan coci sun fi mayar da kayyade abin da sunayen Rasha tsarkaka, ayyukansu da kuma ayyukan alheri zai zama mafi yadu da aka sani daga cikin aminci.