Sistine Chapel - shi ne ... da Sistine Chapel a cikin Vatican

Chapel - karamin coci, sadaukar da membobin wannan iyali, mazauna wani sansani ko fada. A Rasha harshen da kalmar "ɗakin sujada" ne, wani lokacin fassara a matsayin "ɗakin sujada", amma wannan ba gaba ɗaya na gaskiya. A cikin ɗakin sujada akwai wani bagade, wasu sharu ɗ akwai ba za a iya za'ayi. Duk da yake cikin ɗakin sujada ne mai cike coci tare da duk halayen. A Sistine Chapel a cikin Vatican - cikin shahararrun gine-gine na da irin wannan.

Tarihi na halitta

A Sistine Chapel aka gina a 1475-1483 shekaru da Paparoma Sixtus IV ta umarni, wanda sunan shi Bears zuwa wannan rana. Wannan pontiff yi shubuha adadi. A daya hannun, a lokacin mulkinsa na sha musantawa da cin hanci da rashawa, shi ne a lokacin da aka gabatar da Inquisition, kuma na farko da jama'a kona Litattafansu.

A daya hannun, shi ne sanannen domin ya karfafa ci gaban kimiyya da fasaha. Ya koma da papal zama a Vatican City, kuma ya aikata mai yawa ga maido da kuma kyautata na Roma. A nasa himma, an gano library, kuma na farko jama'a gidan kayan gargajiya a duniya, da kuma gina da Sistine Chapel, domin mafi muhimmanci bikin na cocin Katolika. A wannan lokaci, da kuma yanzu faruwa ga conclave na malaman domin zaben na Paparoma.

The gine-gine da bayani

A cikin XV karni iko tsakanin addini da kuma wadanda mutane gwamnatin sun ba da aka gaba daya rabu, lokaci-lokaci arangama. Bayan da ya saba parishioners, wa lalũra a prohibitively high haraji, wani lokacin da suka yi kuskure ya bayyana ta fushi a bayyane. A wannan batun, Popes so da musamman tsara a cikin Vatican, inda za su iya fakewa da kotu a m da bai tabbata ba sau.

A wannan Haven a request daga Sixtus IV kuma ya zama na Sistine Chapel. Wannan gini daga waje ya dauki wani nau'i na sansanin soja, da kuma ciki kayan ado jaddada da yawa da kuma ikon papacy.

Don warware wadannan matsaloli, na da aka gayyace matasa m daga Florence Dzhovanni De Dolci. Shi ne ya gina gina bayyanar kama wani Bastion, da kuma jagoranci da ciki aiki a kan jawo murals.

Sistine Chapel - shi ne mai gwada da kananan gini (da wani yanki total 520 m²), rectangular a siffar, tare da high (tsawo 21 m) vaulted rufi. Its rabbai, bisa ga Sixtus IV, kama rabbai almara Haikalin da Sulemanu farko Urushalima Haikali.

A ciki ado

A 1480 Sixtus IV gayyace mafi shahara painters na lokaci don ƙirƙirar murals. Mu halarci aikin Sandro Botticelli, Domenico Girlondayo, Luca Signorelli, Pietro Perugino da kuma matasa Pinturiko.

Shekaru biyu da ta dauki cikin artist zuwa cin ganuwar da ɗakin sujada. Middle bene dauki hotuna na scenes daga rayuwar Musa da kuma Yesu Kristi. A saman bene, a cikin sarari tsakanin windows, su ne hotuna na farko popes daga St. Bitrus ya Marcellus I. A ƙananan bene na hadisin an bar rataye ga regalia pontiff.

Sama da bagaden shi ne aikin da Perugino fresco "ɗauka cewa Maryamu". A rufi aka qawata da star-cika sararin sama. Wadannan abubuwa ne da aka sani a gare mu kawai a cikin bayyanai, t. Don. Bayan 'yan shekarun da suka gabata bayan da aka gano daga cikin ɗakin sujada, suka maye gurbinsu da frescoes da Michelangelo.

Fitila na Sistine Chapel da Michelangelo

A farkon karni na XVI a Sistine Chapel polotke wani crack da cewa gudanar tare da dukan tsawon. Paparoma Julius II umurce su da su rufe ta kuma ya gaya Michelangelo, wanda ya yi aiki a wannan lokaci a kan mutummutumai kabarin nan gaba pontiff, rufe da rufi da frescoes.

Michelangelo Buonarroti, wanda aka haifa a cikin shekara Share na Sistine Chapel (1475), a cikin 1508th ya riga wani sanannen sculptor. Amma da monumental zanen da aka ba a sani ba abu a gare shi. Ya yi kokari ya fi kyau don kauce wa wannan aikin, amma Julius II ya iya nace a kan kansa. Saboda haka, samun your ƙãre look shahara Sistine Chapel. Description, tarihi na halitta na frescoes sun kasance batun da bincike na da yawa na art tarihi.

A tsakiyar ɓangare na rufi dauki 9 a jere scenes na Tsohon Alkawali, daga gare su, "The Ambaliyar", "Fall", halittar scene mutane na fari (Adamu da Hauwa'u), da sauransu. Tare da kewaye na marubucin wadannan frescoes wanda aka nuna da annabawa da sibyls, da kuma a kan sasanninta, baka - da riga na Yesu Kristi. Fiye da 300 characters aka nuna, wanda har yanzu suna zuwa nasara da iko da kuma ta jiki kyakkyawa.

Masu bincike har yanzu ba zai iya zo da wani unambiguous fassarar wadannan hotuna. Wasu ganin su a matsayin musamman fassarar Littafi Mai Tsarki, yayin da wasu - wani sabon fassarar da haruffa dantevskoy "Divine Comedy", da sauransu an gamsu da cewa Michelangelo gabatar da matakai na mutum hawan daga zunubi zuwa jihar m mataki tatanizma kuma allahntaka kammala.

A fresco "The Last iyãma"

22 Years Bayan Michelangelo aka gayyace baya yin aiki a kan ado na Sistine Chapel. A 1534, Paparoma Clement VII izini da shi zuwa cin bango a sama a bisa bagaden. A sakamakon haka shi da wani fresco na "The Last iyãma", wanda masu sukar kira daya daga cikin mafi m, a tarihin duniya art.

A wannan lokaci, da artist ya nuna wani mutum mai rauni, kuma m, a fuskar sananne bala'i. Daga tsohon imani da yawa da kuma kyau na mutane ya tafi. A scene "sakamako" Babu rai-tsantsan ko m hali.

A cikin cibiyar da aka sanya da Yesu. Amma fuskarsa menacing da impenetrable. Hannuwansa bayar da umarnin rike a hukunta karimcin. Fuskoki daga Manzanni, Almasihu ya kewaye a kan kõwane ma, suna cike da fushi. A hannayensu suka rike da kayan azabtarwa da cewa ba Bode da kyau ga mugaye su yi sujada a gaban su.

Late dorisovki zane-zane da kuma maido da ayyuka

Sistine Chapel - shi ne mafi girman abin tunawa ga monumental art na Renaissance. Amma daga baya gyara da kuma ƙarin zane ne wani muhimmin tarihi shaida.

Scene "Ranar Shari'a:" da dama daga tsirara jikuna daga farkon aka gane ambiguously malamai. An sani cewa Paparoma Paul IV umurni da almajiri Michelangelo - de Volterra rufe al'aurarsu nuna labulen Figures, da kuma Clement Sabunta kuma duk da umarnin don halakar da fresco. Ajiye shi ne kawai ta hanyar cẽto daga artists. Kokarin da aka yi a gama rigunansu a XVII-XVIII ƙarni.

A sakamakon haka, a lokacin da ƙarshen XX karni, wani taro na masana ya fara maido aiki a gaban su tsaya wata babbar matsala - wadda version kana son ka mayar da zanen. Aka yanke shawarar - ka bar draperies, gama de Voltaire a karshen na XVI karni, da kuma sauran canje-canje a cire.

Bayan tsaftacewa da frescoes na toka da ƙura, suka sake haskaka haske launuka. Wannan sanya shi yiwuwa a ganin hoton a cikin nau'i a cikin abin da suka kasance sunã rubuta da babban Masters na Renaissance.

Amsa tambaya, abin da yake a ɗakin sujada, ya kamata mu ambaci cewa an yi amfani ba kawai don koma zuwa addini Tsarin. Chapel kira wurin a cikin coci, inda da tsarkakewa, music, ko tsarkakewa gungu yin alfarma music, ko ma wani kwararren m ma'aikata irin su Academic Capella (St. Petersburg, Moika, 20).