Shugaban Amurka Pirs Franklin: biography, ayyuka da kuma sake dubawa

Franklin Pierce - Shugaban kasar Amurka, a 1853-57, bi da bi. 14 th a jere da shugaban kasa ba, yadda ya kamata magance tare da shawara kan bauta a cikin shekaru goma kafin yakin basasa Amurka 1861-65 biennium.

Farkon rayuwa da kuma aiki

Ya aka haife kan 11/23/1804 a Hillsborough, New Hampshire, USA. Uwãyensa sun kasance Anna Kendrick kuma gwamnan New Hampshire Pirs Bendzhamin. Franklin Pierce halarci Bowdoin College a Maine, karatu dokar a Northampton, Massachusetts, kuma ya karbi dokar digiri a 1827. A 1834, ya auri Jane Appleton, wanda mahaifinsa ya shugaban Bodin da kuma wani shahararren Whig. Ma'auratan sun ya'yansa maza guda uku da suka mutu tun suna jarirai.

Pirs Franklin shiga rayuwar siyasa na New Hampshire a matsayin Democrat da kuma bauta a jihar majalisar dokoki (1829-33), da US Majalisar Wakilai (1833-37) da kuma Majalisar Dattijan (1837-42). Kyau, suave, m, da ciwon wani waje mai sheki Pierce samu a cikin Congress mai yawa abokai, amma da aiki a cikin sauran kome ba na ƙwarai. Ya kasance mai nuna jin goyon bayan Shugaba Endryu Dzheksona, amma shi ne kullum saita kashe mazan kuma mafi sanannun siyasa Figures. Bayan ritaya daga majalisar dattijai domin sirri dalilai, ya koma Concord, inda ya koma da dokokinsa a aikace da aiki a matsayin Tarayya District Ministan Shari'a.

Gabatarwa ga shugaban kasar

Da ban da gajere sabis jami'in a lokacin da Mexican-American War (1846-48), Pierce zauna fita daga cikin jama'a ta da hankali ga Democratic National Convention a 1852. Bayan da ya faru na wani stalemate tsakanin magoya bayan manyan shugaban contenders Kesasa Lewis, Stephen Douglas da kuma James Buchanan da hadin kan New England da kuma kudancin wakilai ya zabi Matasan Hickory (Endryu Dzhekson aka sani da Old Hickory), da kuma Pierce Franklin aka zabi ga 49 ta zaben na National Congress jam'iyyar Democrat a 1852 a cikin gudana zaben shugaban kasar da yakin da aka mamaye da muhawara a kan bautar da cinikayya-kashe a 1850. Duk da yake duka biyu Democrats da Whigs bayyana kansu magoya bayansa na farko ya bayyana ga zama mafi tsari.

Franklin Pierce - Shugaba

A sakamakon haka, kusan ba a sani ba a matakin kasa, kwatsam, ya ci dan takarar a cikin Nuwamba zaben, gaba a cikin Electoral College da mai nema daga Whig Winfield Scott 254 kuri'u da 42. A rabo daga Franklin Pierce aka ɓaci ta da wani bala'i da ya faru a 'yan makonni kafin a rantsar da shi, a lokacin da shi da matarsa Mun halarta da mutuwa na Railway su kadai tsira yaro, 11-shekara Benny. Jane, wanda ya ko da yaushe suka saɓa wa takarar mijinta, don haka ba warke daga buga.

A lokacin da zaben Pierce ya 47 years old. Ya zama ƙarami shugaban kasa a tarihin Amurka. Gabatar gabashin Democratic Party, wadda saboda jituwa da wadata na kasuwanci ba goyi bayan 'yan adawa ga cinikin bayi da kuma yi kokarin kwantar da kudancin kasar, Pirs Franklin kokarin cimma hadin kai ta hanyar gabatar a cikin ofishinsa mabiya matsananci matsayi a garesu.

kasashen waje da manufofin

Ya kuma yi kokarin taka daga m saba wa juna, ambitiously da mafadaci inganta fadada daga cikin yankin da kuma kasuwanci bukatun Amurka a kasashen waje. A kokarin in saya tsibirin Cuba, ya yi umarni da jakadan Amurka a Spain ya yi kokarin tabbatar da cewa da tasiri na Turai financiers ga gwamnatin wannan kasa. A sakamakon haka, a watan Oktoba 1854, akwai wani diplomasiyya sanarwa, da aka sani da Ostend Shelar. Yana da aka gani da American jama'a a matsayin kira don karbe Cuba daga ikon Spain ta karfi idan ya cancanta. A tarzomar shawara tilasta wa gwamnatin ta yi watsi da alhakin daftarin aiki da kuma tuna da jakadan.

A 1855, Amirka mai kasada Uilyam Uoker sanya wani balaguro zuwa Amurka ta tsakiya tare da begen kafa a can ba a kula da United States gwamnati da cewa tana goyon bayan bautar. A Nicaragua, ya ayyana kansa a soja fir'auna, sa'an nan shugaban kasar da dubious gwamnatin da an gane da Pierce Administration.

More robust diplomasiyya nasara aka yi tsammani wani balaguro a karkashin umurnin Mettyu Perri, ya aiko a 1853 da shugaban kasar Millard Fillmore Japan. A 1854, Pirs Franklin Perry samu wani rahoton cewa balaguro da aka ci nasara da kuma Amurka jiragen ruwa sun iyakance damar zuwa Japan mashigai.

Shugaban Administration kuma sake tsarafa da diplomasiyya da jami'an ofishin jakadanci sabis, kuma Ya halitta Buƙatun Kotun.

m siyasa

Pierce aka shirya domin yi na transcontinental reluwe da kuma bude na Amurka arewa maso yammacin da matabbatarsu. A 1853, da nufin shirya wani m hanya zuwa California, Amurka jakadan Mexico Dzheyms Gadsden, sun amince su saya kusan dubu 30 sq. M. mil na ƙasa don $ 10 miliyan. A 1854, ya karfafa hijirarsa zuwa arewa maso yamma, da kuma inganta da gina babban hanya zuwa ga Pacific Ocean Pierce hannu da Kansas-Nebraska dokar. Mũdu da wanda ya shirya biyu sabon yankunan da aka bude a hada da abolition na Missouri Jayayya na 1820, m haramta na bautar sama 36 ° 30 'arewa latitud, da kuma yanayin da cewa free ko bawa matsayi na ƙasa ya kamata a ƙaddara da ke yankin. Wannan dokar ta sa ƙeta doka a Kansas farkon na amfani da makamai rikici, wanda ya zama Babban dalilin ci gaban da Republican Party a tsakiyar 1850.

Ritaya da kuma mutuwa

Saboda da rashin iyawa na shugaban kasar don warware halin da ake ciki da Democrats ki Pierce sake gabatarwa, kuma shi ne kawai shugaban Amurka, wanda ya ƙi ya mallaki jam'iyyar. Bayan wani dogon yawon shakatawa na kasashen Turai, ya zaunar da su a Concord. Koyaushe waxansu barasa, ya kaddamar da gagarumin buguwa, da kuma mutu a sanya ƙazanta Oktoba 8, 1869.

A Shugabannin Amurka Dzheyms Byukenen, Endryu Dzhonson da Franklin Pierce, wanda ya yi aiki kafin da kuma bayan da yakin basasa, suna dauke su daga asharãrai a cikin tarihin kasar. A cewar Sahaban, sun kasance reactionaries, wanda ba ya so ya ji zargi ko don la'akari madadin bada shawarwari ne yayi saba wa ra'ayin jama'a da m ga akidar bautar da wariyar launin fata.