Scab a dankali: dalilan da magani

Scurf a kan dankalin turawa - wani fungal cutar da ke shafar da tubers. Pathogens iya zama na dogon lokaci a cikin ƙasa, da kuma kayan lambu zo ta hanyar pores ko kananan raunuka. Kamar so a ce na kamu tushen kayan lambu za a iya ci, amma lalace ɓangare na yanke da jefar. A hadarin scab ne cewa kayayyaki da kuma iyawa na kayan lambu fadowa, fadowa matakan bitamin, ma'adanai da kuma amino acid. Idan da asarar da na gina jiki ne 35% -40%, yawan amfanin ƙasa da aka rage by rabi (60% -65% aka samu, a wasu lokuta hasara).

Sharadi gwargwado ga ci gaban da cutar

Kamar yadda da wani ciwo, scab auku a wasu lokuta. Daga cikin su akwai wadannan:

- da gona PH na 6.1 - 7.4, watau da dauki dan kadan alkaline.

- Temperatuur 24 ° C - 29 ° C.

- ƙasa danshi - a cikin kewayon 50-70%.

- A lokacin da yin lemun tsami da kuma itace ash.

- Idan taki taki gona. A hatsari ta'allaka ne da cewa anti-scab lalace tubers sukan yi amfani da su ciyar da dabbobinsu. Ganin cewa micro-kwayoyin ne sosai a barga, suka wuce ta hanyar narkewa kamar fili na dabba da tafi tare da makewayi. Barbarar gona da taki don haka zai iya haifar da ƙarin samu.

- Lokacin da wani wuce haddi na nitrogen takin zamani da alli.

- Tare da rashin ƙasa boron da manganese.

M matakan hana aukuwan scab

Shi ne mafi kyau ga kokarin haifar da kuma kula da yanayin karkashin abin da causative wakili ne m. Amma idan ka lura da har yanzu da kananan tubers convex warts, tabbata a gano yadda za a rabu da dankalin turawa, scab. Akwai janar tips zuwa lambu da za su iya rage hadarin cutar:

• Duba a hankali dasa kayan. Zabi manyan tubers yin la'akari 75-100 g, pretreated tare da wani bayani da boric acid (10 g a 9 l na ruwa).
• Deep dasa tushen amfanin gona kuma rage hadarin na scab.
• Bayan girbi duk sharan dole ne a tattara (spoiled tubers, Tushen, mai tushe) da kuma halaka su.
• Dankali dasa wuri kamata a maye gurbinsu lokaci zuwa lokaci bayan shuka wake, wanda wadãtar da ƙasa da nitrogen da kuma disinfected shi. Tubers dawo da asali wuri na iya zama a cikin 4-5 shekaru.
• Duba ƙasa acidity (PH kada wuce 6.0). In ba haka ba, da al'adun iya kai farmaki da dankalin turawa scab. magani da sinadaran wajen ba da sakamakon, amma don rage hadarin kamuwa da cuta ne mai sauki. Daidaita PH iya zama ma'adinai takin (superphosphate) a karkashin tubers. A bayyane yake cewa kalla watering jadawalin. Ƙara lemun tsami ne dace kawai a lokacin da gona PH ne kasa 4.9. Amfani da ciyawa dankali auku Pine needles, sa sulfur (2.1 - 3.2 kg sq.m.) ko gypsum (15-20 kg ɗari da murabba'in mita).

Waɗannan su ne kawai general jagororin. Lambu da muhimmanci a san abin da shi ne daban-daban a kan dankalin turawa, scab. Hanyoyin da gwagwarmaya da kuma ci gaba da yanayi na iya zama dan kadan daban-daban, amma a general, da dokoki warware matsalar ne guda.

kowa scab

Wannan irin cutar da ake samu akai akai fiye da wasu. A causative wakili ne a Streptomyces scabies. Excellent girma a yashi da calcareous kasa, a high zafi da kuma manyan allurai da kwayoyin halitta. Farko na cutar da ake saukin kamu da kananan ulcers, wanda a hankali girma da kuma ƙarshe ta rufe toshe-kamar shafi.

A Common scab on dankali akwai ba a duk maki. Mai karfi rigakafi da cuta ne "Berlichingen" da "Priekule" da "Kameraz".

Tare da general dokokin dasa da kuma kula da al'adu akwai 'yan tarawa. kafin yadda za a rabu da dankalin Turawa scab, gudanar da m jiyya na tubers - yayyafa su da nufin "Nitrafen" ko "Polikarbatsin". Matukar tasiri a wajen magance cutar yakan taimaka wa germination dasa kayan zuwa ga haske. Watering al'ada fara nan da nan bayan da zurfafa na kasar gona da kuma ci gaba, muddin gangar jikin na shuka ba kara zuwa 1.5-2 cm a kauri.

powdery scab

A causative wakili ne Spongospora subterranea. Tasowa a cikin ƙasa ne ma rigar. Kuma chunks na pathogen iya gauraye sama a ƙasarsu, kuma isa ga asalinsu. Wannan scab on dankali Yana bayyana a cikin nau'i na warts a haske launin toka.

tuber fata fasa a shafin na kamuwa da cuta, da cutar shimfidawa kara. An yi imani da cewa irin wannan iri kamar "Lorch", "yubel", "Cardinal" da "Mabuwãyi" an kusan ba shafi cutar.

Wannan dankalin turawa, cuta - scab powdery - rinjayar da tushen da akwati. A tubers ne mai saukin kamuwa zuwa secondary kamuwa da cuta da marigayi burtuntuna da kuma bayyanar bushe rot. Dasa kayan kafin shuka kiyaye a cikin bayani 40% formalin (rabo - 1: 200) for 6-7 minti, sa'an nan sa'o'i biyu rufe tarpaulin.

azurfa scurf

Da farko, da tubers bayyana launin ruwan kasa spots ko kananan faci, kama baki toka. Bayan da dankalin turawa fata peeling tabo zama launin toka.

Dauke causative naman gwari Helminthosporium solani, wanda hanzari farfagandar a zazzabi na 19-21 ° C da 90-95% zafi.

A cuta ne mai hadarin gaske saboda amfanin ƙasa saukad da sharply. Shafi tubers ci gaba da rasa nauyi ko da adana, da kuma launin toka mold iya bayyana a kan site na tusar jaki. More mai saukin kamuwa zuwa rashin lafiya da ake samu a kan loamy da yashi kasa. Kafin dasa shuki da tubers etched. Jiyya kuma yana da za'ayi nan da nan bayan girbi kafin ajiya ta amfani da kwayoyi kamar "Nitrafen", "Botran", "fundazol", "Celeste" ko "Titus."

Rhizoctonia ko baki scab

A causative wakili ne Rhizoctonia solani. Tasowa a karkashin high zafi yanayi. Yawancin lokaci, kamuwa da cuta na faruwa a lokacin da marigayi spring da ruwa. Yana bayyana kanta a matsayin spots ko duhu-zurfin sclerotia wanda da wuya scraped kashe surface.

Black scurf a kan dankalin turawa, hadarin gaske saboda shi iya buge wani tuber germination. Wadannan harbe, ko mutuwa, ko bayyana a farfajiya na wani rauni na stalks da kuma ganye nada babba. Mafi dukkan pathogen ji a kan loamy kasa.

Wannan shi ne daya daga cikin mafi m bambance-bambancen da cutar, saboda resistant iri shi ba ya wanzu. Ba don nuna baki scab na dankalin turawa, magani fara da etching tubers irin kwayan shirye-shirye kamar "na game", "Planriz" ko "Bactofit" da kuma na nufin "Fenoram", "Vivataks" ko "Maxim".

Dasa Zurfin: yashi loam kasar gona - 7 cm, loamy - 8-11 cm na peat - 12-13 cm Incubate talakawan saukowa lokaci a lokacin da ƙasa warms har zuwa + 8 ° C .. Yana hana abin da ya faru na daina kai hare hare burtuntuna na ma'adinai da takin gargajiya a allurai fi bada shawarar ga wani bit na iri-iri.