Rickettsia - menene wannan? Abin da cututtuka sa Rickettsia?

A shekarar 1906, H. rickettsial bincike da aka fara dabbare zazzabi. A 1909 karatu jini kayayyakin da aka samu kwayoyin a cikin nau'i na da sandunansu tare da sosai kananan girma. Similar kwayoyin da aka samu wannan shekara da kuma wani bincike, S. Nicholas, kawai nazarin typhoid zazzabi. Kuma tun Ricketts mutu a 1910 kawai saboda typhoid, da ciwon kafin cewa magana game da gano shi, irin causative jamiái na cutar da aka mai suna a cikin girmamawa - Rickettsia, a matsayin amincewa da masana kimiyya zuwa kimiyya.

Mene ne Rickettsia

Rickettsia - ne a cikin kananan size gram-korau kwayoyin, wanda suna da kaddarorin biyu ƙwayoyin cuta da kwayoyin. Daga farko su dauki damar haifuwa cikin eukaryotic Kwayoyin, amma a lokaci guda, kamar kwayoyin bukatar oxygen, da cell bango da kuma masu kula da wani rukuni na maganin rigakafi. Wadannan micro-kwayoyin - prokaryotes, ba su yi wa dai da zuciyar, babu wani mitochondria.

Description da ilimin halittar jiki

Yawancin lokaci duk 'yan wannan irin tare da karamin adadin - har zuwa 1 micron. da sanda-dimbin yawa fiye da sau da yawa, amma a wasu matakai da shi zai iya zama filamentary da bacillary. Haka kuma, duk canje-canje faruwa a cikin rundunar cell.

Rickettsia - tsayayyen kwayoyin, ba su da flagella, kuma a karkashin yanayin unfavorable, samar da kananan siffofin kare su. Sau da yawa, wadannan siffofin iya zama a cikin jiki don har zuwa shekaru 10 don adana da kuma reactivate karkashin sharadi gwargwado.

Rickettsia, Chlamydia, wato Mycoplasma ne parasitic a cikin mutum cell, haddasa rashin lafiya, amma da zarar cikin yanayi, nan da nan aka kashe. Su yanayi - a Rayayyen tantanin halitta zuwa wani aiki metabolism. Kuma idan mucous membrane na bakin, makogwaro da kuma urinary fili fi son Mycoplasma, Rickettsia rayuwa a cikin epithelial sel da hanji, da kuma jijiyoyin bugun gini endothelium ta main masu - da kwari, da kuma wani mutum ya buga kusan dukan gabobin da kyallen takarda. Chlamydia ma fi son shirya a cikin gabobin da hangen nesa, shafi haihuwa gabobin, da kuma huhu.

Ninka yadda ƙwayoyin cuta, rickettsiae cikin rundunar Kwayoyin, kawai masu juna biyu Kwayoyin ta rarraba a rabin (wanda shi ne halayyar kwayoyin). A wannan yanayin, Kwayoyin kamu da wani m cewa ya kashe da sauri.

A rayuwa ta sake zagayowar daga wadannan kwayoyin ne mai sauqi qwarai. Wannan shi ne ko dai da vegetative mataki - cell raba aiki, ko quiescent mataki.

A Turai nahiyar cututtuka sa ta rickettsia, suna gwada da rare. Amma a Asiya, a Australia da kuma a Tasmania, wadannan cututtuka ne mai tartsatsi ne.

rarrabuwa

A 26 May 2015 jinsunan da aka hada a cikin wannan HALITTAR. A daidai wannan lokaci, da dama jinsunan wanda ake bi a nan kafin, aka cire da kuma canja. Ya kamata a ce cewa kowa duniya manyan malaman rickettsial rarrabuwa har karshen da ba a ci gaba.

A nazarin wadannan kwayoyin ne mai hadarin gaske, saboda kusan duk mambobin halittar hanyar cuta, ciki har m. Saboda haka, akwai masu yawan lokuta na kamuwa da cuta da masu bincike da hannu a cikin binciken na wadannan microbes.

rickettsial cuta

A cikin mutane sa febrile Rickettsia irin cuta. Kuma general sunan ga duk wadannan cututtuka - rickettsioses. A kwarara daga gare su, kamar yadda mai mulkin, ya kasance sosai kaifi da kuma yana tare da iri daban-daban rashes a kan fata, trombovaskulitami ko vasculitis.

Saboda haka abin da ya haddasa cutar Rickettsia? Don kwanan wata, akwai wadannan:

1. Annobar typhus, a karo na biyu sunan - typhoid.
2. Cuta Brill-Tsinsersa ko sparodichesky typhus (Rickettsia typhus, bayan da mutumin da suka yi da rashin lafiya karo na farko, kai karamin tsari; bayan shekaru da kuma ko da shekarun da suka gabata na yiwu komawa da cutar, wanda ya karbi sunan). Mafi sau da yawa gani a cikin tsofaffi.
3. Wadan typhus ko bera zazzabi.
4. Brazil typhus.
5. Arewa Asiya da Australiya kaska typhus.
6. Rocky Mountain hange zazzabi.
7. Rickettsial pox.
8. Isra'ila zazzabi (mafi shi ne ake kira da zazzabi na Marseille, kuma Rum hange zazzabi).
9. Murine typhus (na biyu sunan - gwanjo, kamar yadda tafki domin canja wuri ne fleas).
10. Quintan.
11. Tsutsugamushi, zazzabi, ko Japanese (rinjaye dako ne hakori da kamuwa da cuta trombidiidae).
12. Malay scraper zazzabi.
13. Yankin Sumatra kaska zazzabi.
14. TIBOLA, Tick ko lymphadenopathy - rashin lafiya, ya bude kamar yadda kwanan nan kamar haka.
15. DEBONEL, ko necrotic strupalimfadenopatiya (lalacewa ta hanyar wannan irin Rickettsia. Cututtuka bambanta kawai bayyanar cututtuka).

Har ila yau a san su ne:

• Q zazzabi.
• wuriyar zazzabi.
• ospovidny typhus (duk da haka shi ne ake kira rickettsialpox).
• Queensland zazzabi:
• Astrakhan rickettsial zazzabi.

Wannan jerin ne bai cika jerin cututtuka cewa mutane za su iya samun kamuwa.

Hanyoyi kamuwa da cuta

Rickettsia waje da Kwayoyin - wannan ne mai matukar m zuwa da rashin daidaito na waje duniya, kuma ya mutu da sauri daga kufan daban-daban dalilai kwayoyin. Wannan shi ne dalilin da ya sa suke bukatar musamman transporters. Domin wannan rawa, m jini-tsotsa kwari, kamar fleas, ƙwarƙwata da ticks.

Tun da ƙwarƙwata da fleas ake samu a ko'ina, da cututtuka da suka kawo, su ne wadan, yayin da mites suna da takamaiman wuri, da kuma cututtuka da su, suna da hali na wani endemic.

Bayan wani harba a jikin mutum fada Rickettsia. Pathogens na gastrointestinal mucosa fleas, kwarkwata ko mites canjawa wuri zuwa cikin jini, kuma sakamakon - da zazzabi mai tsanani da kuma rashin lafiya. Kuma da wuya ne mai hadarin gaske ga kansu arthropod Rickettsia. Akwai sun kasance lokuta na watsa microbes, parasites na kwari daga tsara zuwa tsara, ta hanyar da qwai. Ga arthropod ana amfani kawai kamar wani tafki domin ajiya na kwayoyin. Bugu da ƙari, da kuma kwaro infestation iya faruwa ta hanyar mutum haƙuri ta jini a lokacin da cizo.

Idan wani m ne kaska Rickettsia, da pathogen za a iya samu ta hanyar wani cizo, idan kananan kwayoyin ne a cikin salivary gland, ko ta shafa cikin fata a lokacin da kwari kawai niƙa.

Akwai raba subspecies, ne mafi resistant zuwa muhalli da yanayi kira Coxiella. Tsokane wadannan rickettsia cututtuka irin ta hanyar cizon kwari, da kuma Airborne droplets da kuma haifar da mafi daya daga cikin uku iri Q zazzabi.

A Japan zazzabi ba kwayar kai tsaye daga mãsu haƙuri zuwa da lafiya mutum. Dole gaban matsakanci. Kuma mafi sau da yawa fiye da a da rawa an buga ta a bera ko linzamin kwamfuta. Su ciji iya zama mai hadarin gaske.

bayyanar cututtuka na cuta

Cututtuka lalacewa ta hanyar rickettsia, za a iya bayyana kansu a cikin hanyoyi daban-daban, amma kowa bayyanar cututtuka zai iya har yanzu a iya bambanta. Suna nan kamar haka:

• ciwon kai da kuma tsoka zafi na unknown asalin;
• zazzabi.
• daban-daban iri iri na rashes da kuma kwari cizo a wuri eschar kafa kananan cikin size, wanda darkens da lokaci, tare da matsa lamba a kan ji da shi ta rigidity.
• kumburi da Lymph nodes, kuma su karuwa a size.
• bushe tari.

Tã rickettsioses kullum ko da yaushe faruwa tare da zafin jiki da kuma delusional jihar, haƙuri numfashi da nakasa nauyi. Pathology ganewar asali ne sau da yawa wahala. Ganewar asali za a iya sanya ta hanyar wani fata biopsy daga cizo. A kan bãyan tẽkun a lokacin kamuwa da cuta ne ko da yaushe wani papule aka kafa, wanda sa'an na ya bijire baki.

Fever fara kewaye rana ta huɗu, bayan kamuwa da cuta, amma za a iya dage ta bayyanar na tsawon lokaci. A haƙuri tasowa a jihar apathy. Lymph nodes (na farko wadanda kusa da cizo, to, da sauran) zama inflamed da karuwa a size.

A mako bayan da farko alamun cutar fara bayyana hankula bayyanar cututtuka na rickettsial cututtuka - zazzabi da kuma bushe tari da cewa tasowa a cikin mashako ko ciwon huhu, akwai photophobia, conjunctivitis. Zai yiwu saboda zafi ci gaba delirium, kazalika da m ko cikakken asarar ji. A fata bayyana melkopapuleznaya rash, musamman a kan kafafu, amma wani lokacin a kan akwati.

Idan ba ka fara jiyya, da zazzabi za ta ci gaba da makonni biyu. Ability da miyagun zuwa 40% na dukkan cututtuka. Bugu da ƙari, cikin hadarin mutuwa dogara da shekaru, irin cuta da kuma rigakafi da damar da jikin mutum.

microbiological ganewar asali

Farkon ganewar asali ya sa ya yiwu don bugun sama da waraka tsari. A kulawa da lifiya na Rickettsia - wani biopsy na eschar. Amma shi za a iya tabbatar da kawai da kadaici da antibodies daga allurar rigakafin beraye bayan jini rashin lafiya mutum.

Wata hanyar diagnosing aka yi amfani da serological hanyoyin. Amma sakamakon ya kamata a fassara tare da taka tsantsan, domin sau da yawa ya auku tsakanin damuwa na daban-daban na kwayan jinsunan giciye-reactivity.

Daya daga cikin na kowa gwaje-gwaje domin ganewa na Rickettsia - samfurin mooseri-Neil. A wannan yanayin, a cikin ciki na venous jini na haƙuri ne gudanar da Guinea alade a farkon febrile mataki. Idan cutar da ake tabbatar, da dabbobi bayyana bayyanar cututtuka da zazzabi, nama necrosis, da kuma a namiji aladu Kwalatai (Scrotum) ta kumbura. Mafi sau da yawa, idan da ganewar asali aka tabbatar, da dabba ya mutu.

Barã'aa cikin rikketsiozah

Ko da tare da irin wannan kananan masu girma dabam da irin wannan micro-kwayoyin yana da wasu antigens (Ag), mafi yawa lipopolysaccharide yanayi. Na samu wannan hauhawar jini a Rickettsia kwayoyin Proteus, wanda aka located nisa isasshen daga tebur cikin tsanaki irin Rickettsia. Saboda haka, idan mutum ya sha wahala daya daga cikin cututtuka da lalacewa ta hanyar wani irin wannan irin, wasu jamiái daga cikin irin wannan, qazanta guda antigen cewa ba mai tsanani. Bayan duk, da giciye-rigakafi tasowa a cikin jikin mutum.

magani

Dangane da zaba hanyoyin da zalunta cutar. Kawai m cututtuka zai iya yin daidai ganewar asali da kuma rubũta magani. A daban-daban rickettsial fevers sanya gudanarwa ta antipyretics, kamar "asfirin", "prednisolone" ko wasu glucocorticosteroids, maganin rigakafi ( "Rifampicin" ko "Levometitsin").

Lokaci guda wajibi ne a gudanar da wani detoxification da jiko, domin 3 days gemodeza, igiyar jini allura for 3 days glucose bayani da kuma sha ruwa ruwa zuwa 2.5 lita da rana oralita bayani a lokacin da kwanaki biyar.

A irin wannan makirci supplementation zazzabi ya kõmo zuwa al'ada a rana 9-11. Game da makonni biyu baya An cire jiki aches da sha raɗaɗin a cikin tsokoki, da kuma makonni uku daga baya ya bace rash a jiki, wanda nufi kusan cikakken maida.

Domin lura da kaska-haifa typhus samarwa wani makirci na magani:

• Karbar tetracycline maganin rigakafi da kuma (ko) levomitsetinovoy kungiyar don kula - zuciya da jijiyoyin jini kwayoyi a cikin matsakaici dosages.
• Idan cutar farawa nauyaya delusional jihar, ko wasu m bayyanar cututtuka suna gani, Bugu da kari na glucose intravenously biyar bisa dari bayani ne don rage toxication na jiki.
• A rare lokuta kara gudanar hormones da cardiac glycosides.

A wannan regimen, cikakken maida auku kamar wata daya.

Q zazzabi da aka bi da ingestion na maganin rigakafi, "chloramphenicol" da kuma miyagun ƙwayoyi tetracycline kungiyar lokaci guda. Idan, a cikin uku ko hudu kwana da shi ba za a lura da inganta ta, ƙarin shigar glucocorticoid kwayoyi. A lokacin da irin illa a matsayin myocardium, da kara ya gabatar da cardiac da vasopressor kwayoyi. detoxifying jamiái suna gudanar intravenously (glucose da kuma Saline). A lura yana game rabin watã.

rickettsial magani dole ne dole faru a wani asibiti, a karkashin kulawa cutar. Fiye da wuya a yi wa cutar da ta haifar Rickettsia, Chlamydia a ciki da nono-ciyar, kamar yadda wannan category na marasa lafiya samun contraindicated kwayoyi tetracycline kungiyar. A wannan yanayin, a mafi m, amma kasa tasiri "Chloramphenicol" (nono a lokacin da magani ya kamata a daina).

Yara har zuwa shekaru takwas tare da rikketsiozah bi "Chloramphenicol" a cikin kwanaki goma, da kuma tsofaffi, kazalika da manya - doksitsiklinovoy kungiyar, kawai dauki wani kashi na kasa.

rigakafin

Don kwanan wata, ɓullo da amfani a magani maganin atenuirovannaya na annoba typhus kuma da Q zazzabi.

Amma ba kowa na da damar da za a alurar riga kafi, za a hutu don a kasar, inda akwai Aljihuna da cututtuka rickettsial cututtuka. Saboda haka, yin 'yan sauki dokoki, za ka iya kare kanka da kuma iyalanka daga gare su.

1. Idan ka je wurin shakatawa, shakatawa, da gandun daji, zoo ko wani wuri inda lamba tare da ticks, fleas ko wasu yan dako, sa tufafi da dogon hannayen riga da saukar - m-brimmed hat.
2. Tabbata don amfani da kayayyakin aiki, kõre kwari.
3. Tabbata a duba kansu da 'ya'yansu ga gaban cizon kwari. Da kulawa ta musamman ga wuyansa, makwancin gwaiwa, armpits, da kuma wuri a karkashin gwiwoyi - a fi so wuri kaska cizo.
4. A lokacin da ka ziyarci shafukan kamuwa da wani rickettsiosis, tabbata a sa tufafi impregnated da dimethyl phthalate.
5. Ina son in yi barci a waje a alfarwai? Sa'an nan barci a kan wani gado, kuma ba a kan ƙasa.
6. Akwai zato game da rashin lafiya na wani kusa rickettsiosis? Sa'an nan kada ku yi shakka a koma zuwa cututtuka.
7. Personal kiwon lafiya ba a soke ta.