Regional rikice-rikice: misalai. Regional rikice-rikice a Rasha

A tarihin 'yan adam da tarihi na soji fama ne rabuwa. Abin baƙin ciki. Qaryata falsafar tambaya, da yawa masu bincike na ƙarni na kokarin fahimtar tushen Sanadin abin da yake da shi cewa wasu mutane kashe wasu. Duk da haka, na shekaru dubbai a wannan batun ba ya bayyana wani abu sabon: zari da hassada, da precarious matsayi na tattalin arziki a kasar da kuma so ya cuci maƙwabcinka, addini da kuma zamantakewa rashin ha} uri. Kamar yadda ka gani, cikin jerin ne ba sai anjima.

Amma akwai nuances. Bayan da farko da kuma duniya na biyu Wars, bil'adama shi ne ba ma karkata zuwa ga irin wannan yanke shawara. Idan muka yi wasu irin jiha shi wajibi ne don warware rikici da sauran masu iko, da soja kokarin ba wa karbar wani tsanani adawa, iyaka daidaici buga. A wasu lokuta, wannan sakamakon ba kabilanci da addini bambance-bambance.

Idan ba ka gane, mu bayyana: a yau taken mu tattaunawa zai kasance da yankin rikice-rikice. Abin da shi ne da kuma saboda abin da suka taso? Za su iya tsai da kuma yadda za a hana su bayyana a nan gaba? Amsa ga dukkan wadannan tambayoyi mutane ba su samu har yanzu, amma wasu alamu sun iya gano. Game da shi, kuma magana.

Mene ne wannan?

A Latin harshen akwai wata kalma regionalis, wanda yana nufin "yanki". Haka kuma, yankin rikice-rikice - wani irin kasa da kasa da rigingimu ko soja mataki a sakamakon addini tashin hankali cewa tashi a wasu gida site kuma ba kai tsaye shafi bukatun wasu kasashe. A wasu lokuta (kabilanci rikice-rikice) ne don haka kananan cewa mutane biyu da suke zaune a kasashe daban-daban, suna fada a kan iyakar yankunan, amma duka biyu ikon zama a cikin al'ada dangantaka da kuma tare kokarin da ake na warware rikicin.

Kawai sa, wadannan bambance-bambance fassara a cikin gida dauke da makamai adawa. A mafi "zafi" yankuna yana da shekaru da dama da suke kudu maso gabashin Asiya da kuma nahiyar Afrika, da kuma a kan yaki a kan "black nahiyar" sauran duniya sau da yawa ba su ma yi. Ko ya sani, amma bayan fiye da daya da shekaru goma. Duk da haka, wannan ba ya nufin cewa a yau ta yankin rikice-rikice a Afirka ne halin da kananan sikelin: su ne musamman jini da kuma m, wani lokacin ma lokuta da sayarwa na ganĩma ga nama (a mafi gaskiyan ma'anarta).

Duniya misalai na shiyya rikice-rikice

Daya daga cikin sakamakon duniya na biyu ya da rabo daga Korea cikin biyu m jihohi. Arena adawa tsakanin su ya yi aiki a matsayin daya daga cikin tuntu e tubalan a cikin Tarayyar Soviet da kuma Yammacin siyasa. Kusan duk yankuna siyasa rikice-rikice da cewa an girgiza duniya a yau, a sãɓãwar launukansa digiri, shafi cikin bukatun da Rasha da kuma NATO.

Yana duk ya fara da cewa a shekarar 1945 ya shiga Soviet-American dakarunta suka shiga cikin ƙasa da ce kasar domin 'yantar da shi daga Japan sojojin. Duk da haka, da gargajiya da kuma bambance-bambance tsakanin Tarayyar Soviet da kuma Amurka, ko da yake a yarda ga fitar da Japan, amma ya gama Koriya kansu ba su iya. A karshe warware hanya a 1948, lokacin da ta Arewa da Koriya ta Kudu sun kafa. Tun daga nan, bayan da fiye da rabin karni, amma halin da ake ciki a yankin da kuma wannan rana da ya rage musamman siga.

Ba haka ba da dadewa, North Korean shugaba Kim Jong-un, ko da ya sanar da yiwuwar nukiliya adawa. Abin farin, bangarorin biyu ba su tafi ba don a kara ƙarin tsanani na Sin. Kuma yana faranta, domin duk yankuna rikice-rikice 20-21 karni na iya juya a cikin wani abu yawa mafi tsanani fiye da biyu a duniya yaƙe-yaƙe.

A cikin Sahara, ba duka ne m ...

A cikin tsakiyar 1970s, Spain karshe ya ba har hare-hare a yammacin Sahara, bayan da yankin da aka sanya a karkashin iko da Morocco da Mauritania. Yanzu shi ne a karkashin cikakken iko na asar Moroccan. Amma shi bai ajiye karshe na matsaloli. Ko a zamanin mulkin Spain, sun fuskanci 'yan tawaye, wanda ya yi shela da matuƙar manufa halittar Jamhuriyar Dimokradiyyar ta Sahrawi Arab (Sadr). Oddly isa, amma "mayakan ga wani haske nan gaba" An riga an gane ta fiye da 70 ƙasashe. Daga lokaci zuwa lokaci a tarurrukan MDD kiwata batun na karshe "legalization" na jihar.

Ashe, akwai wani karin shahara yankin rikice-rikice? A misalai cewa mun ba, ya san ba kowa da kowa. Na'am, yalwa!

Wannan adawa ba a san wasu idan duk da ya fi. A shekarar 1947, duk wannan da Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ya yanke shawarar cewa tsohon Birtaniya patrimony, Palestine, samar da biyu sabbin jihohi: Isra'ila da Larabawa. A shekara ta 1948 (a, da shekara da aka arziki a cikin abubuwan da suka faru) aka sanar da kafa kasar Isra'ila. Kamar yadda ka iya sa ran, da Larabawa bai biya wani da hankali ga Majalisar Dinkin Duniya da yanke shawara, domin da zarar fara wani yaki a kan "kãfirai." Su ƙarfi da suka overestimated: Isra'ila kuwa ya kama mafi yawan yankuna, wanda aka asali nufin ga Palasdinawa.

Tun daga nan shi bai wuce shekara guda ba tare da tsokanar da m wata gaba a kan iyakokin kasashen biyu. France ne musamman ban sha'awa hali zuwa yankin rikice-rikice a yankin: a daya hannun, Holanda gwamnati tana goyon bayan Isra'ila. Amma a daya bangaren, babu wanda zai taba manta da wadata da na Faransa da makamai "matsakaici" maharan igil wanda damu ba to shafa Isra'ila kashe da fuskar ƙasa.

The yaki a {asar Yugoslavia,

A mafi tsanani yankin rikici a Turai gona ne events na 1980 ya faru a nan united {asar Yugoslavia. A general, tun yakin duniya na farko, da rabo daga cikin ƙasar da aka musamman wuya. Duk da cewa mutane da yawa a yankin da wannan asalin, akwai bambance-bambance tsakanin su a kan addini da kuma kabilanci filaye. Bugu da kari, da halin da ake ciki da aka ninkawa da cewa sassa daban daban na jihar sun kasance a sosai matakai daban-daban na zamantakewa da ci gaban tattalin arziki (wanda ko da yaushe karfafa gida da kuma na yankin rikice-rikice).

Ba abin mamaki ba cewa duk wadannan saba wa juna a duk doki sa a wani m m 'yan adawa. Yana zama mafi jini yaki a Bosnia da Herzegovina. Tunanin kawai maras tabbas mix: rabin na Serbs da Croats professed Kiristanci, da sauran rabin - Musulunci. Munin yakin basasa, ya sa ta hanyar bambancin addini, kuma akwai "wa'azi na jihadi", babu wani abu ... The hanya zuwa ga zaman ya kasance mai tsawo, amma a tsakiyar 90s, a lokacin da kuzari NATO bom, yaki ya barke tare da sabunta kuzari.

Duk da haka, duk yankuna rikice-rikice, misalai daga abin da muka yi ba, kuma ba, ba ta kasance a kananan yawan wadanda ke fama. Mummunan abu da ya kashe mafi yawa farar hula, yayin da sojojin da suke mutuwa a wadannan yaƙe-yaƙe ne ba don haka mai girma.

Janar bayani

A tushen haddasawa iya zama da yawa. Amma ga duk su bambancin kamata a tuna da cewa, da bambanci ga cikakken sikelin yaƙe-yaƙe na baya, yankin rikice-rikice ba ya faru ga wasu yan kuɗi lokatai. Idan muna da irin wannan adawa fãta shimfiɗaɗɗa a kan ƙasa na wani jihar (ko jihohi), ko da shi ya dubi lafiya, wannan al'amari ya shaida ga kabari matsalolin zamantakewa cewa shekaru da dama zauna warware matsalar. To, abin da suke da babban Sanadin yankin rikice-rikice?

A rikici a Nagorno Karabakh-(1989) ya nuna cewa iko kafin Soviet daular ne a sosai yanayin talauci. } Aramar hukuma, wadda bisa ga da yawa m masu bincike sun riga gaba daya Fused tare da kabilanci laifi kungiyoyin, ba kawai ba su kasance sha'awar warware rikici, amma kuma kai tsaye tsayayya da zalla "ado" Soviet da iko a wani yunkurin zaman lafiya yarjejeniya. "Ado" - cikakken definition ga hukumomin na Moscow a yankin a lokacin.

Babu real levers na tasiri (sai dai sojojin), da Tarayyar Soviet ba su kasance a nan, kuma a siyasance don gyara da kuma manyan-sikelin yin amfani da sojojin da aka dade tafi. A sakamakon da Nagorno Karabakh- ba kawai a zahiri gusa daga birnin, amma kuma ƙwarai da gudummawar da rushewar kasar. Ga wasu Sanadin yankin rikice-rikice.

Features na shiyya rikice-rikice a cikin tsohon Tarayyar Soviet

Kamar yadda idan sabo ne ko ya ji maganar na waƙar yabon Allah "fraternal mutanen Union ...", sun kasance ba musamman dacewa. Shugabannin jam'iyyar ba ma tallata, amma a cikin Tarayyar Soviet rasa sabani da cewa babu makawa zai sa karshen yaki. Perfect misali - da Fergana Valley. An eerie cakuda Uzbeks, Tajiks, Kazakhs da kuma Rasha gogaggun clandestine wa'azi na m Musulunci ... hukumomi fi son a binne mu shugabannin a cikin yashi, da kuma matsalar girma, shiryas da kuma kara kamar snowball.

A farko tarzoma da ya faru a shekarar 1989 (tuna da Karabakh). Lokacin da Tarayyar Soviet m up, da kisan da suka fara. Mun fara da Rasha, amma saboda tsakanin su Uzbeks arangama da Tajiks. Kwararru da yawa sun yarda da cewa babban instigator sanya Uzbekistan, wanda mambobin har yanzu fi son watsa shirye-shirye "na waje makiya" wanda "yayi musu" Uzbeks tare da sauran al'ummai. Ikirarin gida "Masters" ba hadu da wani musamman fahimtar a Astana, ba a Bishkek, ba a ma maganar Moscow.

A cikin Sanadin gida wars a cikin ƙasa na tsohon Tarayyar Soviet

Abin da muna magana ne game da wannan? Duk da al'amarin shi ne cewa, kusan dukan (!) A yankin rikice-rikice a cikin ƙasa na Tarayyar Soviet ya bayyana ba da nisa "ba zato ba tsammani." Duk da zato na su aukuwa da aka kyau da aka sani zuwa ga tsakiyar iko, wanda, yanzu, an kokarin rufe up da fassara a cikin "m rikice-rikice."

Babban alama na gida wars a cikin ƙasa na biyu kasar mu da kuma dukan CIS, ne daidai da kabilanci da addini, rashin ha} uri, ci gaban da sanya wani m shugabannin jam'iyyar (sa'an nan su mayar da hankali ba noticing ta bayyananen), kusan tsallake daga duk abin alhaki kuma shata fita zuwa gida laifi kungiyoyin kusan duk tsakiyar Asiya jamhuriyoyin. Kamar yadda muka riga sani, shi ke da daraja da dubban daruruwan rayukan mutane da suka dauka wadannan duniya da yankuna da rikice-rikice.

Daga wannan shi ya bi wani alama na gida rikicin a karkarar da tsohon Tarayyar Soviet - su na kwarai jini. Duk yadda ban tsoro ko aka fada a {asar Yugoslavia, ba su je wani kwatanta da Fergana kisan kiyashin. Ba a ma maganar events a Chechnya da kuma Ingush jamhuriyoyin. Nawa kashe mutane da dukan kasashe da kuma addinai, shi ba a san ya zuwa yanzu. Kuma yanzu tuna yankin rikice-rikice a Rasha.

Rikice-rikice na shiyya muhimmancin zamani a Rasha

Daga shekarar 1991 zuwa yanzu, kasar mu ci gaba da girbe amfanin da Tarayyar Soviet kunar siyasa a yankin tsakiyar Asiya yankin. A mafi tsoratarwa sakamakon aka dauke farko na Chechnya, kuma ta ci gaba da aka ba yawa mafi alhẽri. Wadannan gida-shiyya rikice-rikice a kasar mu za a tuna da na dogon lokaci.

Fage Chechnya rikici

Kamar yadda a duk gabata lokuta, da bango daga waɗanda events aka dage farawa tun kafin su aiwatar. A shekara ta 1957, da Chechnya mai cin gashin kanta Jamhuriyar aka koma duk tura a 1947 da wakilan 'yan asalin yawan jama'a. A sakamakon ba dade a cikin zuwan: a 1948, shi ne daya daga cikin calmest jamhuriyoyin a cikin wadanda wuraren, sa'an nan a shekarar 1958 wani bore faru. Its initiators, duk da haka, sun Chechens. A akasin wannan, mutane suna zanga-zangar adawa da kisan-kiyashi da cewa sun yi aiki da Vainakh Ingush.

'Yan mutane san game da shi, amma gaggawa gwamnatin da aka dauke kawai a shekarar 1976. Duk da haka, wannan shi ne kawai farkon. Tuni a cikin shekara ta 1986, Rasha ya kawo hadari ga bayyana a cikin tituna na Grozny kadai. Akwai sau lokacin da aka kashe mutane a tsakiyar titi. Rana! By farkon shekarar 1991, halin da ake ciki ne don haka siga da cewa mafi nisa-gani ya kusan fada ya karya zuwa ga Ingush iyaka. Duk da yake 'yan sandan ya nuna mafi kyau gefe, taimaka sata mutane don samun fita daga ƙasa, wanda ya ba zato ba tsammani zama maƙiya.

A watan Satumba na shekarar 1991, da jamhuriyar ayyana samun 'yancin kai. A watan Oktoba, shugaban kasar an zabe ta sananne Dzhokhar Dudayev. By 1992, a kan ƙasa na "m Ichkeria" da aka mayar da hankali dubban "mayakan ga bangaskiya." Tare da makamai ba da matsaloli, domin a wancan lokacin duk da raka'a na SA, sun kasance a cikin Chechnya-Ingush ASSR, aka sace. Hakika, irin wannan bayani a matsayin biyan bashin da pensions, albashi da kuma alawus, da gudanar da "matasa da kuma zaman kanta a jihar" a amince manta. Akwai karuwar girma ...

effects

Grozny filin jirgin sama ya zama na duniya cibiyar ga ƙwari cinikin bayi ta wadãta, preys a Rasha jiragen kasa a kasar da cewa ya tafi ta hanyar Chechnya. Kawai a lokacin daga shekarar 1992 zuwa shekarar 1994 da kashe mutane 20 Railway ma'aikata, cinikin bayi ta wadãta. Amma ga Rasha-magana mazaunan lumana, sa'an nan kawai OECD, yawan m ya karu zuwa fiye da 60,000 (!) Mutane. Daga shekarar 1991 zuwa 1995 a kan ƙasa na rashin lafiya-fated Chechnya kashe da kuma m fiye da 160 da mutane dubu. Daga cikin wadannan, kawai 30,000 sun Chechens.

Surrealism shi ne halin da ake ciki da cewa duk lokacin daga cikin tarayya kasafin kudin a Chechnya suka kai a kai kudi to "biya albashi, pensions da kuma zamantakewa amfanin." Dudayev da abõkan tarayya duk da wannan kudi yadda ya kamata ciyar a kan makamai, miyagun kwayoyi da kuma bayi.

A karshe, a cikin watan Disamba 1994 a cikin balle Jamhuriyar sojojin da aka tura. Kuma a sa'an nan akwai da m Sabuwar Shekara ta storming na Grozny juya babbar asarar da wani wulãkanci ga sojojin. Just to Fabrairu 22, da sojojin har yanzu ci birnin, wanda a wancan lokacin ya kasance quite a bit.

Ƙare duk da cewa m Khasavyurt zaman lafiya da aka kulla a shekarar 1996. Idan wani zai yi nazarin shiri na shiyya rikice-rikice, da sanya hannu wannan yarjejeniya kamata a yi la'akari ne kawai a cikin haske na yadda ba lallai ba ne (!) Don sulhu da jam'iyyun.

Kamar yadda za ka iya tsammani, kome kyau zo daga wannan "duniya" ba aiki: da Wahhabi jihar da aka kafa a kan ƙasa na Chechnya. Na jamhuriyar kogin gudana kwayoyi, shi shigo da bayi Slavic kasashe. A mayakan samu hannuwansu a kan kusan dukkan ciniki, a yankin. Amma a shekarar 1999, Chechens mataki karshe wuce haddi. Gwamnatin mamaki sha'aninsu dabam da mutuwar 'yan kasarta, amma shi bai zo saukar da' yan tawaye hari a kan Dagestan. Na biyu Chechnya yaƙin neman zaɓe.

biyu World yaki

Duk da haka, wannan lokaci da 'yan bindiga abubuwa ba su tafi ba haka smoothly. Farko, jama'ar na kasa ya da nisa daga farin ciki da " 'yancin" wanda shi ne guda, kuma suka yi yãƙi. Isa a Chechnya sojojin haya daga kasashen Larabawa, Afrika, da Baltic kasashe da Ukraine zai sun nuna cewa babu wani "Sharia" da zai ba. Rights shi ne wanda ya yi bindigogi da kuma kudi. Hakika, da Dagestani - domin wannan dalili - saduwa da invading da karkararta mayakan gaggarumar (wanda šauki a sosai dabara), da kuma harsasai.

Wannan yaki ne daban-daban a wannan gefe na tarayya sojojin koma Kadyrov kabila ya fito fili. Bayan su miƙa sauran Chechens, da kuma 'yan bindiga sun ba su gani ba da cikakken goyon bayan da mazauna yankunan (a ka'idar). Na biyu Chechnya yaƙi da yawa fiye da nasara, amma shi da aka jinkirta domin shekaru 10. counterterrorist aiki tsarin mulki da aka dauke kawai a shekarar 2009. Duk da haka, da yawa soja masana sun m, abin lura cewa mayakan masu rarrafe yaƙin aiki zai ci gaba na dogon lokaci.

Kamar yadda ka gani, da gida-shiyya rikice-rikice kawo baƙin ciki ne babu kasa da cikakken sikelin-yaki. Tashin hankalin a gaskiyar cewa yaki a cikin wannan hali ba ya taimaka wajen warware sabani, wanda aiki a matsayin ta hanyar. Za mu dogon tuna yankin rikice-rikice a Rasha, kamar yadda su, an kawo sosai baƙin ciki da wahala ga dukan al'ummai suka halarci su.