Rasha monetary ƙungiyõyi. Modern Rasha banknotes

Tikitin Bank of Rasha - da hukuma wajen biya amfani a duk karkarar da Rasha Federation. Dama zuwa al'amuranda banknotes na Central Bank yana da kawai. Suna kare daga na jabu musamman amincin siffofin a aiwatar da zamani fasaha mafita amfani.

A sashi ne na auna daga solvency, wanda da Rasha ƙungiyõyi ne Rasha ruble a matsayin kasa kudin. Kowane rubutu da ciwon darajar m to daya daga cikin gyarawa. Irin wannan kayyade solvency na banknotes denominated a Rasha rubles.

labarin

Takarda kudi bayyana a Rasha a 1769. Su aka kira a bayanin da kuma wakiltar wani sadaukar da wanda da mai bãyar iya samun wani banki tsabar kudi don ya dace da maras muhimmanci adadin. A farko jerin aka sosai talauci kare da kayayyakin na jabu - fakes da aka samar a kan masana'antu sikelin, wanda ya haifar da ragewar darajar kuɗi. Babban wajen biya ci gaba da zama da tsabar kudin: da darajar da aka muhimmanci mafi girma, kazalika da su yiwuwa tare da jama'a.

A 1818, mun fara da za a bayar da takardar kudi sabon model na Rasha. Waɗannan su ne guda banknotes, amma su quality ya yafi hakan, kazalika da tsaro. A takardar da aka fi yawa, akwai watermarks. Don kara inganta banknotes aka janyo hankalin da yawa kwararru.

A tasiri na yakin basasa juya a kira su korau: a saki ƙirƙirãwa na ƙarya ya kara taro samar na "kudi musanya", wanda aka za'ayi da} ananan hukumomi, a matsayin m yankuna, da kuma kama da fata. Matsalar da aka warware ta a saki "ducats", wanda ya fara a shekara ta 1922. A sabon banknotes sun zinariya da kayayyaki support, sabõda haka, su solvency zai zama barga (daina depreciation).

Bayan rushewar Tarayyar Soviet

Bayan rushewar Tarayyar Soviet a wurare dabam dabam sun tikitoci na Jihar Bank, yayin da babban bankin Rasha ci gaba da saki. A 1993, akwai wani monetary garambawul: State Bank of tikitoci da aka ayyana wanda arzikinsa ya karye, an maye gurbinsu da farko jerin Bank of Rasha tikiti. Na biyu jerin wadanda aka saki a shekara bayan bayyanar banknotes ya halartar wasu canje-canje.

A 1995, wani sabon jerin banknotes aka bayar a sake. Suka duba kawai kamar na zamani Rasha banknotes. Babban bambancin dake tsakanin biyu ne maras: Series 1995, ya kasance mai sau dubu fi halin yanzu ana amfani.

Bayan shekara ta 1998,

Jigon na gaba monetary garambawul da za'ayi a shekara ta 1998, shi ne a cikin denomination. Wannan shi ne - don canja denomination na banknotes, bi da su sauka a hankali amma musanyawa. Rasha bayar sabon banknotes. Su bayyanar shi ne kusan gaba ɗaya m da bayyanar banknotes na 1995 samfurin shekara. Canza kawai lambobin da taimako abubuwa, nuna denomination.

A tsohon doka, wanda kuma da fuska darajar 1,000 rubles, musayar kawai tare da wani sabon tsabar kudin, da mutuncinsu, wanda ya 1 ruble. 5-Ruble rubutu, ya maye gurbin tsohon biyar dubbai suka sãɓã wa jũna dan kadan karami. Saboda da karfi wurare dabam dabam cikin sauri rasa da kaddarorin, wanda shi ne dalilin da ya sa ta saki aka zarar katse. A cikin shakka daga ta karfe da aka sani kawai m - 5-Ruble tsabar kudin.

gyare-gyare

Duk da sosai high quality, kuma jami'an tsaro, kudi Rasha ƙungiyõyi ci gaba bukatar gyara. Wadanda ba dade a cikin zuwan: bar sabon banknote jerin. Da farko updates game da kariya a kan kayayyakin na jabu: jabu kara da damar da suka kai ga zargin karya takardar kudi, da wuya ya bambanta daga gaske wadanda.

Bugu da kari, biyu sabon banknotes aka hankali ya sa a cikin wurare dabam dabam. Su girma - 1,000 rubles da 5,000 rubles, bi da bi. Duk da latest matakan tsaro "gudu-a" a kan su, baya ƙara wa abũbuwan amfãni daga cikin sabon jerin takardar kudi kanana. Ga wasu lokaci akwai jita-jita, da shirya a saki banknotes a denomination na 10,000 Rasha da irin wannan girma da aka yi da sakamakon da latest aukuwa a cikin filin na kudin kariya. A sabon "goma-dubu" ya ba tukuna An saki, amma ya ci gaba da wani aiki kyautata "thousandths" da "biyar dubbai".

Ãyõyin amincin (kariyar)

Rasha takarda kudi, a halin yanzu a amfani, ana kiyaye shi ta wani gagarumin yawan musamman halayen amincin. Ƙirƙira irin wannan rubutu ne da wuya matuƙa: bukatar musamman da tsada kayan aiki, kayan da wani ilmi. Saboda haka, halittar kananan kuri'a na fakes - neokupaemo kuma suka tsayar da manyan-sikelin samar da ba zai yiwu ba, domin shi zai zama da sauki suma. Identification matalauta ingancin fakes ba mai wuya aiki: bayyane ãyõyin amincin ba musamman da hankali, don haka da cewa wadannan iya gane da kuma talakawa} wanda ba su da musamman kayan aiki.

Sami Tantance halayen kasu kashi da dama kungiyoyin. Wasu bayyane zuwa ga tsirara ido a wani kwana, yayin da wasu da ake samu a watsa. Wasu za a iya gane kawai a bayyane electromagnetic radiation na wani fanni.

ri

Da amincin wannan kungiyar gane lokacin da shãfe. A farko daga waɗanda - ingancin takarda. Low-ingancin karya gane nan da nan: shi ana riskarsa quite daban yatsunsu. Bugu da kari, akwai banknotes tãyar da abubuwa tsara don tantance su da matsayin da mutane tare da illa wahayi. The rubutu "tikitin BANK OF Rasha" a gaban gefe kuma yana da wani m taimako ga tabawa.

Bugu da kari, a samar da banknotes na sabon jerin yana amfani da mai fadi da tsaro tsiri, fitowa zuwa surface a wasu wurare. Wadanda gane gaba daya m. A banknotes na denomination a 500, 1000 da kuma 5000 rubles tsiri fita yanki a farfajiya na da yawa ya fi girma, kuma shi ne a cikin nau'i na kunkuntar taga ( "taga stained").

a bayyane

Bayyane ãyõyin amincin ba musamman da hankali. Wadannan takardar kudi da bankin na Rasha da yawan abubuwa da za a iya gano da ido tsirara. Wasu daga cikin su ne bayyane daga duk wani kusurwan. Wadannan sun hada da wani dijital nadi na maras muhimmanci darajar, da za a sanya a cikin ƙananan hagu kusurwa na gaban gefe. An yi musamman azurfa Paint.

By bayyane amincin fasali da kuma da ikon amfani m tube canza launi, m daga kusan duk wani kusurwan. Sauran bayyane ãyõyin amincin za a iya samu ta hanyar nazarin lissafin zuwa ga haske, ko zalunta da shi a wani kwana.

Bayyane a kan wani gleam

Binciken da banknote zuwa ga haske, yana yiwuwa a gane dama ko amincin siffofin ƙayyade jabu da su rashi. A farko a bayyane watermarks. Suna located a kan haske filin rubutu, hagu da kuma dama daga cikin manyan image. Daya kwafi dijital denomination, da sauran - maimaita daya daga cikin abubuwa na babban image. The tsaro tsiri da aka gani a matsayin m opaque line.

Wannan kungiyar ãyõyi ya shafi microperforation. Irin wannan ne ya shafi duk sabon banknotes da fuska darajar 100 rubles da kuma sama. Yana iya gane gefen dama na gaban gefe na banknote. A cikin lumen ne a bayyane yawan m maras muhimmanci darajar kuma Ya sanya daga wani jam'i na kananan ramuka.

Bayyane a karkashin wasu kusassari

Ãyõyin amincin, a bayyane a wasu kusassari, moiré alamu an sanya ta optically m tawada abubuwa da latent images. Moire juna fara haskensu sparkle a launi daban-daban ta canza kwana na view. Optically m tawada bada irin wannan sakamako, amma shi ne haske da kuma amfani da nan da nan ga dukan hoto kashi. Wadannan hanyoyin da ake kare, bayar a 2004, da Rasha doka daga baya.

A latent image za a iya samu a ornamental tsiri, idan ka dubi bayanin kula kwance a kan wani lebur surface a ido matakin. Wannan sakamako ne ake kira Kipp: juna ne kafa haka da cewa bambanci tsakanin dafa kashi da aka gano kawai a daidan kwana.

gano hardware

Sauran tsaro siffofin goyon baya a kan Rasha banknotes, za a iya gano kawai da musamman kayan aiki. Da farko, wadannan sun hada da jami'an tsaro zaruruwa saka a cikin takardar. Su ne a fili bayyane a ultraviolet da haske, kazalika da wasu abubuwa na image. Tags ba da infrared, a bayyane haske a lokacin da wani infrared fitila.

Bayan bayyane a wasu fanni, to a detectable hardware halaye hada da wani sosai kananan image abubuwa: microtext da wasu alamu. Su za a iya gano kawai ta wajen isasshe da karfi magnifier. Har ila yau, wasu sassan na surface na banknotes abar kulawa da musamman tsarin da ciwon Magnetic Properties. Domin irin wannan tasirin da amincin za a iya kafa dace hardware.