Rasha m A. D. Zaharov: biography da ayyukansu

Andreyan Dmitrievich Zaharov, da shekaru ransa ga samuwar St. Petersburg image, da aka sani a duniya a matsayin marubucin na Admiralty ginin. Its muhimmanci ga Rasha gine ba za a iya overestimated, ya ayyana da shugabanci na ci gaban kasa gine na dogon lokaci.

yara

AD Zakharov, m, aka haife Agusta 8, 1761 a St. Petersburg a cikin iyali na Admiralty jami'an, da shugabancin. Mahaifinsa - Dmitry Ivanovich Zakharov WATO sami suna fadin albashi, amma ya ya iya ta da 'ya'ya biyu maza, wanda zarcewa da girman kai na Fatherland. Babbansu dan - Yakov Dmitrievich Zaharov - ya zama wani Academician, farfesa a fannin sunadarai da makanikai. Junior - Andreyan Dmitrievich Zaharov - ya zama an yi fice m. Daga wani wuri shekaru mahaifina aka kawo a cikin 'ya'yan da himma da son sani. Ya hankali ya lura da yara ikon da ya iya ganin su, talanti. Andreyan a farkon 6 years old ya aka aika zuwa makaranta a Academy of Fine Arts. A ajin, ya zarar zama daya daga cikin mafi kyau dalibai. Yaron samun farko da lambar yabo ga ilimi nasara a shekaru biyu - da littafin.

Samun munanan halaye

Bayan kammala karatu daga kwalejin, A. D. Zaharov shiga cikin gine-gine da aji na Academy of Arts. saurayin ikon taimaka masa ya isa da sauri ga ci gaba a tutoring, malamai lura da sarari hangen nesa. Ya yi karatu tare da babban Masters: AF Kokorinov, YM Felten, IE Starova. Andreyan Dmitrievich Zaharov cinma kyau kwarai da sakamakon a cikin gine-gine craft kuma a watan Julin 1782 brilliantly sauke karatu daga Academy. Anfaninta "14 artists na aji" da kuma bayar da lambar yabo.

A m dalibi

A lokacin da shekaru na binciken Andreyan Zakharov tattara cikakken sa na lambar yabo na Academy. Daya daga cikin halarta a karon ayyukan da m na gaba - da aikin "House" - na'am a kananan lambar azurfa na Academy. Wannan shi ne mafi girma da lambar yabo ga dalibi dalibai. A 1780, shi bayar da wata lambar azurfa manyan riga, da kuma a karshen horo - samu lambar zinariya ga "Fokzala" aikin ( "home nisha") da kuma tafiya zuwa Paris "domin saye da kara nasara a gine." A wannan lokaci, A. D. Zaharov fascinated da ra'ayoyi na classicism, neman farin sabon akida a littattafai.

A watan Julin 1782 Andreyan tare da uku 'yan'uwanmu dalibai zo zuwa Paris. Ga su fara don halartar azuzuwan cikakken sikelin zane. Zakharov koyi daga manyan Faransa m JF Chalgrin, kuma kuma ya rinjayi K. LeDoux mafi m m na Paris, monumental da kuma iko manufa domin sauki ayyukan cewa fascinates da dalibi daga Rasha. Chalgrin, marubucin daga cikin shahararrun Arc de Triomphe a Paris, ya haske wakilin Faransa classicism, bidi'a kuma mafi m, da ra'ayoyin organically kafa a kan shirye ƙasa a cikin Academy of ra'ayoyi A. Zakharov. A wannan lokaci, shi ya kafa ado ra'ayi da kuma ore marubucin hanya, wanda ya basu fassara a cikin shuke-shuke.

A farko matakai a cikin sana'a

A 1786 A. D. Zaharov ya kõmo zuwa Rasha, cike da tsare-tsaren da fatan nan gaba. Nuna kashe ka basira a cikin aikin ya aka neme Academy of Arts gina kammala touch, wajibi ne ga shekaru da dama domin gudanar da gyara, da kuma canji kammala ginin, wannan uncreative da onerous aiki ne da gajiya m. Kawai a 1790 ya ya iya miƙa lokuta don inganta Academy of wani m. Zakharov aikin kananan umarni, kamar makaranta Lyubuchi kauyen aikin. A farko sananne aiki na m bayyana a 1791, wannan babban kayan ado ga alama shiga zaman lafiya tare da Turkey. A wannan aikin, Zakharov tabbatar da kansa ba kawai a matsayin high-aji gwani, amma a matsayin Bakan'ane. A aikinsa ya} unshi da ra'ayin Rasha ta yawa, kuma su girman kai a cikin feat na Suvorov a kama Isma'ilu.

Educational aiki

Andreyan Dmitrievich Zaharov, wanda biography ne kakkarfan dangankata da St. Petersburg, nan da nan a kan ya dawo zuwa mahaifarsa zo gida Academy a search na aiki. A 1787, ya soja kurum marar a matsayin Mataimakiyar farfesan, a 1792 ya kare da aikin da ya zama farfesa a Academy. Koyarwarsa aiki Zakharov bai bar har karshen rayuwa. Ya kasance mai talented malami, a tsawon shekaru, ya ya iya yin mai kyau aiki, da kuma sakin mai yawa cancanci dalibai. A musamman, a karkashin umurnin aiki AN Voronikhin, ya almajiri an yi fice a Rasha m A. Melnikov.

m Gatchina

A 1799 Andreyan Dmitrievich Zaharov, aiki da kuma ayyukan da aka gani mafi m management na kasar. Paul na nada shi sarki m na Gatchina, retaining cikin post na farfesa ne, a cikin Academy. Ga ya halitta da dama ayyukan gine-gine da kuma Tsarin. Ya farko da ya fara aiki a kan aikin na sufi, amma Bulus ya mutuwa ba a yarda ya sa a cikin aikin. Yana so ya kawo Zakharov Novgorod da Pskov al'adar haikali gine. A karkashin ya jagoranci, gina a cikin Gatchina Lutheran Church, to wannan rana ba a kiyaye su. Ya kuma zayyanawa biyu gadoji: Humpback da Lion, za a iya gama biyu haimõmi: "Birdman" da "Farm." A farko da aka gina, da kuma gina mutuwa ta biyu na Paul tsaya.

A lokaci guda Zakharov daukan bangare a cikin halittar kimiyya aiki "The Russian gine" da cewa ba shi da damar duba a daki-daki cikin siffofin na kasa hadisai da kuma tafiya a kusa da kasar. A wannan lokaci ya ya tsinkãyi zurfi cikin tushe na Rasha gine-gine, ya gane da bayani dalla-dalla da kuma karfin da Rasha faɗi, kuma ya shirye ga halittar manyan-sikelin ayyukan.

Aiki a kan bayyanar Vasilyevsky Island

A. D. Zaharov ɓullo da ya skills, ya hadawa da talented m da kyaun yi-gini. Ya aka kira su zuwa ga wani gwani a duk daga cikin manyan ayyukan da za'ayi a St. Petersburg. Saboda haka shi ya sa wani gagarumin taimako ga halittar aikin da Exchange. A 1804, da m halitta da aikin na gina embankment Vasilevsky Island da sake fasalin kudin na Academy of Arts. Yana so da m zuwa embody da mafi kyau hadisai na Faransa gine da arches da colonnades. Aikin da aka nuna yabo sosai da masana da kuma abokan aiki, amma shi ba zai yiwu a gudanar da wani shiri, takardu, kuma haihuwarka ba a kiyaye su. A lokaci guda D. Andreyan aiki a kan wani shirin gini na Nizhny Novgorod Fair, Halicci aikin foundry ga Academy of Arts.

A al'amari na rayuwa - Admiralty

A. D. Zaharov, Rasha m, wanda ya tafi a tarihi kamar yadda mahaliccin daya daga cikin mafi muhimmanci gine-gine na Saint Petersburg - Admiralty. A 1805 aka nada shugaba m na Admiralty sashen, wanda a wancan lokacin shi ne babban da ake bukata mai yawa gine-gine. Zakharov Ya halitta yawa ayyukan, ba dukan su ba an aiwatar, wasu daga cikin gine-gine ba a kiyaye su, amma da ikon yinsa, daga aikin da aka m. Ya tsara birane da yawa na Rasha: Kronshtadt, Saint-Petersburg, Kherson, Revel, Arkhangelsk, zai yi aiki sosai. Zakharov ne sosai irin wa kowane aikin da ba a bar ba tare da wani gyare-gyare, wani lokacin sosai gwaji, ba guda ginin, daga kananan ofishin gine-gine zuwa babban gini na Admiralty a Arkhangelsk da Astrakhan. Wadannan ayyukan na talanti Zakharov-gari tanadi, ya ayyana surar da embankments na da yawa Rasha birane. A mafi muhimmanci ayyukan sun Black Sea Asibitin gine-gine a Kherson, Nikolaev yar jam'iyyar kadet Corps, da na USB factory aikin a Arkhangelsk.

Duk da haka, babban kasuwanci na rayuwa Zakharov zama babban ginin aikin na St. Petersburg Admiralty. Ya halicci wani m, manyan-sikelin yi, da tsawon da facade ne tseren mita 400. Da kari kuma fasali na facade qawata da sculptures, kuma ya dubi grand farati. A hasumiyar da spire da zinariya jirgin ya kafa a tsaye, wanda ya zama rinjaye birane shimfidar. Gininsu, shi ne pinnacle na kerawa Zakharova, a yi dukan cikakken: daga majestic tunani-fita aiki har zuwa kuma jitu bayyanar.

m aiki

Andreyan Dmitrievich Zaharov, photos na gine-gine wadda ƙawata duk litattafan a Rasha gine-gine, halitta mai yawa na ayyuka masu girma dabam a birane da yawa na kasar. Mafi mashahuri ayyukan su ne:

• Andreya Pervozvannogo Cathedral a Kronstadt.
• ci gaba da shirin "Samar da tsibirin" a cikin Admiralty St. Petersburg.
• Cathedral of St. Catherine a Ekaterinoslav.
• Marine Hospital a Vyborg gundumar na St. Petersburg.
• Aleksandra Nevskogo Cathedral a Izhevsk.
• sake inganta babban kunya daga tashar jiragen ruwa na St. Petersburg.

Mutane da yawa Tsarin Zakharova ba tsira, amma da ya yi wasiyya da aka nuna godiya da zuriyar.

sirrinka

Architect Andreyan Dmitrievich Zaharov sadaukar da rayuwarsa ga aikin da yake auna. Ya sanar da, aiki a kan aikin, da kuma murna da farin ciki sun ba da lokaci zuwa tsara. Sukuni lokaci ya kishin nazarin littattafai a kan makanikai, art, fasaha, sha'awa cikin sassaƙa. Zakharov sha wahala zuciya harin, amma bai hašawa da wani muhimmanci ga wannan. A lokacin rani na 1811 ya fadi tsanani da rashin lafiya kuma ya mutu a kan 8 ga watan Satumba. Academy of Arts ya bayyana babban baƙin ciki a kan untimely tashi. Abin baƙin ciki, babban m da kuma ba shi lokaci zuwa ga kammala da wani daga manyan ayyukanta, da yawa daga cikin ayyukansa gaba da lokaci da kuma ba a aiwatar.