Rasha a dangantakar kasa da kasa, siyasa da tattalin arziki

Littafi Rasha a duniya tsarin fuskantar kalubale da dama. Kusan dukkan su sun gaji daga Soviet baya. Matsaloli da lãbãri a duk duniyoyin da dangantakar kasa da kasa :. The siyasa, tattalin arziki, al'adu, da dai sauransu A wannan labarin, za mu yi kokarin fahimtar abin da matsayi aikata Rasha a cikin tsarin na zamani dangantakar kasa da kasa. Bari mu fara da farkon zamanin sabon jihar - da Rasha Federation.

Fage rushewar Tarayyar Soviet

Rasha a cikin tsarin kasa da kasa da siyasa tsakanin kasashen suka fara samar bayan Tarayyar Soviet da m up cikin raba m jamhuriyoyin. A ta sikelin da wannan taron ya zama wani real geopolitical bala'i na XX karni. Ya kamata a lura da cewa 80-th shekaru na karni na ashirin, akidar gurguzu ya rasa ta roko ga masu rinjaye na Soviet yawan jama'a. A cikin duniya wannan shi ya faru da yawa a baya. Saboda haka, a cikin 60-70-ies. karshe karni, da kalaman na anti-kwaminisanci da jawabai a cikin kasashen na Warsaw yarjejeniya. Yana da wani kuskure to jayayya da cewa Gwamnatin Amirka, da aka hannu a gare su. Soviet hankali da kuma counterintelligence ably gano duk jamiái na West, kuma sun iya kare su 'yan kasa, da kuma' yan ƙasa na m kasashe a cikin gurguzu sansanin su akida tasiri. Mutane da kansu sun zama disillusioned tare da akidar Soviet tsarin mulki. Babban dalilin da ya fada bayan a cikin Tarayyar Soviet daga West a kan muhimmanci yankunan kimiyya da fasaha juyin juya halin, wanda ya gagara boye. Shi ne kuma ba daidai ba ne a ce mu 'yan asalin' sayar for jeans da kuma abin taunawa "jari-hujja, kamar yadda suka so su yi Patriots, nostalgic ga Soviet baya. Da ingancin rayuwa na Turawa, lalle ne, shi ya kasance mafi alhẽri 'yan kasa, "ci farkisanci."

"Jinkirin-mataki mine"

Rasha a cikin tsarin na zamani dangantakar kasa da kasa tsiwirwirinsu wani sabon doka matsayi na Yuni 12, 1990. A wannan rana, Madaukaki Soviet na RSFSR shela da mulkin dangane da Tarayyar Soviet.

Tashin hankalin a cikin wannan ne mana cewa a gaskiya mun kasance farkon daga kasar, wanda ta daɗe haka tattara ta kakanninmu. Tarayyar Soviet da aka kafa kawai a cikin 20s karni na ashirin da. Duk da haka, wannan ya kasance saboda gaskiyar cewa kusan duk jamhuriyoyin, wanda aka hada da a cikin Tarayyar Soviet (sai Poland da kuma Baltic jihohi da kuma Finland) sun ƙ shirye domin sabon jam'iyya kamar yadda za a adana al'adu da tattalin arziki tsakanin su bayan rushewar guda daular. Lenin da Trotsky sanya wata babbar geopolitical kuskure: Suka rarraba ƙasar tare kasa Lines, wanda babu makawa zai kai ga kasa Manzonsa ba, kuma separatism a nan gaba. Ka tuna cewa I. V. Stalin aka yi tsayayya ga irin wannan jam'iyya, da kuma shugaban kasar V. V. Putin ya kira wannan tsari "alkawarin lokaci bam", wanda "yage" bayan rushewar gurguzu akidar a cikin marigayi karni na ashirin.

A sabon siyasa matsayi: Rasha - magaji zuwa da Tarayyar Soviet

Saboda haka, kasar mu ta fara sabon tarihi bayan shekarar 1990. Daga wannan lokaci za ka bukatar ka yi la'akari da taken "Rasha a cikin tsarin kasa da kasa da dangantakar." Bayan rushewar tarayyar Soviet, Mun fuskanci wajibcin geopolitical kai-kafiya, wanda rinjayar da sakawa a cikin geopolitical sarari, ya zabi na wayewa da waɗansu alãmõmi vector kasashen waje da manufofin, ci gaban tattalin arziki model da sauran sabon jihar -. Russian Federation - ya ayyana kanta a "abokin" da "aboki" na kasashen yamma, mulkin demokra] a kasar da cewa za su yi "girmamawa da kuma yarda da duk gwamnatin da kuma data kasance gwamnatocin" a duniya. Duk da haka, mun kiyaye hadisin da Soviet da:

1. Sakawa kanta a matsayin mai multiethnic da kuma al'adu da dama a jihar. Rasha karo na farko a cikin tarihi, na iya fito fili a matsayin al'umma-jiha. A kashi na Rasha a cikin sabon jihar ne game da 80%, da kuma a wasu yankuna up to 99% na yawan mazaunanta. Shi ne fiye da shi ne a cikin sauran "kasa jamhuriyoyin" na tsohon Tarayyar Soviet a lokacin da auka. Mutane da yawa wasu jama'a-jihohin ba zai iya gadara da irin wannan kashi na titular al'umma da yawan mazaunanta. Duk da haka, mu da gangan watsi da matsayi a matsayin haraji ga sarki da kuma Soviet baya. Yana da wani hadari da shugaban kasar na farko - B. N. Eltsin - fara dukan roko ga mutane da magana: "Dear Russia" - shi ya jaddada matsayi na dan kasa, maimakon na jama'a. Af, da kalmar "Rasha" ya ba kama a cikin al'umma, bada hanya zuwa "jama'a na Rasha."
2. Da yake ina da m memba na kwamitin sulhu na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya. Ya tafi kasar saboda Rasha ta ayyana kanta da doka magaji na Tarayyar Soviet.

A karshen shã'aninku ya bamu gagarumin yin amfani a cikin kasa da kasa fagen fama. More cikakken bayani a kan wannan zai fahimci kara.

Kwamitin sulhu na MDD - wani da makami na da tasiri a kan kasa da kasa da harkokin siyasa

Dindindin membobinsu na kwamitin sulhu na MDD ya ba da filaye da cewa, Rasha bautar wani abu wuri a cikin tsarin kasa da kasa da dangantakar. A takaice jerin amfanin wannan matsayi:

1. Our wakilin a Majalisar Dinkin Duniya zai gabatar da "kujerar naƙi" a kan wani MDD ƙuduri. A gaskiya, ba tare da mu amsa, wani manyan kasashen duniya aukuwa - yaki, takunkumin da wasu kasashen, da samuwar sabuwar jihohi, da dai sauransu -. Za a yi la'akari da doka daga ra'ayi na dokar kasa da kasa.
2. Rasha iya fararwa da yawa al'amurran da suka shafi a kan ajanda na kwamitin sulhu na MDD da sauransu.

Abin baƙin ciki, mutane da yawa duniya matakai faruwa ne a circumvention na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, wanda ya bada dalilin yi imani da rikicin na kungiyar da kuma zargin shi ne da kasa warware kasa da kasa matsalolin siyasa. Rasha a dangantakar kasa da kasa ba wasa guda muhimmiyar rawa taba taka leda "hadade da m 'Union.

Dalilai na Rasha ta tasiri a duniya harkokin

Dindindin membobinsu na kwamitin sulhu na MDD - ba kawai kayan aiki na tasiri. Rasha a cikin tsarin kasa da kasa da dangantakar daukan daya daga cikin key arziki a cikin wadannan yanayi:

1. Ƙasa. Our kasa shi ne mafi girma a yanki da kuma na bakwai-jiha mafi girma yawan.
2. Location. Rasha bautar wani m geopolitical matsayi a cikin cibiyar na Eurasia. za ka iya haifar da mafi m tattalin arziki sufuri hanyoyi da ta dace hali na kasashen waje da manufofin tsakanin "Asian damisa" - China, Korea ta Kudu da kuma Japan - da kuma Old World.
3. Raw. Rasha ta rabo a duniya reserves: man - 10-12%, da baƙin ƙarfe - 25%, potash gishiri - 31%, gas - 30-35%, da dai sauransu Our kasar iya shafar duniya farashin, samar da kundin na duniya albarkatun ma'adinai, da dai sauransu ...
4. Iko nukiliya m gada daga Tarayyar Soviet da sauransu.

Mene ne Rasha ta wuri a cikin kasa da kasa tsarin? Duk wadannan abubuwan da damar mu mu fahimci cewa kasarmu - wani tasiri trans-shiyya ikon da wani duniya nukiliya superpower. Anti-Rasha takunkumi na kasashen yamma da kuma ta siyasa da matsin lamba a kan kasar mu ne wucin gadi unconstructive. Wannan da'awar shi ne ba na aikin Rasha hukumomi da kuma shugabannin manyan kasashen turai. Muna fatan cewa halin da ake ciki zai normalize. Bari mu yi kokarin canzawa yiwu nan gaba, dangane da geo-siyasa kai-da dalilin da Rasha.

Zabuka don nan gaba ci gaban Rasha

biyu madadin hanyar al'amura ga ci gaban da kasar mu:

1. Yana zai zama wani m hanya na ci gaba, shi zai gudanar da wani m zamani, wanda zai kai ga amincewa da a mulkin demokra] tsarin mulki.
2. Rasha za ta zama wani factor na rashin jituwa a halin da ake ciki a manyan sassa na Eurasia, wanda zai kai ga amincewa da totalitarian tsarin mulki.

The uku embodiment ba zai iya zama. Mu ko dai halittu farfadowa da zama wani ci-gaba da suka ci gaba kasa, ko gaba daya ware da sauran duniya. Zabi na biyu ya mayar da al'adar da Tarayyar Soviet. Abin baƙin ciki, mutane da yawa m tattalin arziki da kuma siyasa manazarta ce cewa muna zuwa na biyu hanya da kuma zama "wani filin na rashin tsari da kuma hargitsi cewa watsu makwabtaka da yankuna." A gargajiya "Soviet" matsalolin fasaha ci baya kara sabon, baya fake da danniyan daga orthodoxy, Manzonsa da kuma kishin kasa a jihar matakin, wanda aka bayyana ta hanyar gina da ake kira "Rasha duniya".

Rasha a cikin tsarin kasa da kasa da huldar cinikaiya

Mun motsa daga siyasa Sphere da tattalin arziki bincika. Rasha a cikin tsarin kasa da kasa da kudi dangantakar suka fara samar da shi a bãyan ya shiga cikin kasa da kasa kasuwar jari. Wannan taron, ba shakka, yana mai ci gaba, harkokin kasuwanci ya duniya, amma mana, a akasin haka, shi ya ya da wani mummunan tasiri. Dalilin shi ne, ba mu kasance a shirye domin kaifi miƙa mulki ga mataki na "daji capitalism" bayan da "gurguzanci mai fuskar mutum." Gorbachev ta "perestroika", ko nascent farko farkon wata kasuwar tattalin arzikin, amma da girma da yawan jama'a da aka rikita batun a cikin sabon yanayi. Tsananta halin da ake ciki da kuma "buga far" na mu gwamnatin demokra], wanda doke Aljihuna na talakawa 'yan ƙasa. Yunwa da talauci - alamu na epoch na mika mulki. Wannan tafi, har a Yuli-Agusta 1998 kudi rikicin. Furta mai tsoho, mun zahiri lalace da yawa manyan kasashen waje masu zuba jari. Duk da haka, bayan da wadannan abubuwan da suka faru, kasar mu fara samar a cikin ruhu na jari hujja iko.

Matsaloli na tattalin arzikin duniya baki ga Rasha

Halittar tattalin arziki da 'yanci ga babban birnin kasar, a tare da tare da siyasa kadaici da kasar mu a kan kasa da kasa mataki kaiwa zuwa wata babbar matsala ga ci gaban tattalin arziki na jihar: akwai wani "babban birnin jirgin." A wasu kalmomin, da yawa 'yan kasuwa ba su da sha'awar a dogon lokaci cigaban Rasha. Su burin - to da sauri yi sa'a, da kuma kawo duk ribar da a waje bankuna. Saboda haka, da outflow na babban birnin kasar a 2008 ya $ 133,9 biliyan, a shekara ta 2009 - .. Amurka $ 56,9 biliyan, a 2010 -. Don $ 33,6 biliyan, kuma haka a anti-Russian waje takunkumi da kuma ciki "dõmin karkatarwa .. kwayoyi "kawai tsananta wadannan matakai.

Kammalawa iya zama m: miƙa mulki ga wata kasuwar tattalin arzikin a Rasha juya a kira su gaba daya marasa amfani baki ɗaya. Kawai hauhawar farashin hydrocarbons a farkon na XXI karni da kuma halitta da mafarki na ci gaba. Yana duk ƙare lokacin da farashin sake fadi a baya matakan. Masana harkokin tattalin arziki ce cewa mafi daga wadannan lifts ba daraja jiran dangane da ci gaban madadin makamashi kafofin.

Daga baya a cikin labarin da muka tuna kadan tarihi da kuma dubi wadannan matakai daban-daban a tarihi lokaci.

Rasha a cikin XVII karni

Rasha a duniya tsarin na 17th karni ya jagoranci wani aiki kasashen waje da manufofin. Its manufa - to "daukana up" tsoho Rasha ƙasashen da aka hakura da wani to Poland. A 1569, kungiyar Lublin aka sanya hannu, bisa ga abin da Poland da kuma Duchy na Lithuania sõyayya a wani sabon jihar - Rzeczpospolita. Orthodox Ukrainian da Belarushiyanci yawan jama'a a cikin sabon jihar aka hõre wani sau uku zalunci: kasa, addini da kuma mulkin gargajiya. A sakamakon haka, shi da aka zuba a cikin wani babban Cossack da baƙauye tawayen. Bayan da most of su - a karkashin jagorancin Bogdan Khmelnitsky - Rasha ta shiga yaki tare da Poland.

Janairu 8, 1654 a birnin Pereyaslavl gudanar Council (majalisar), a kan wanda a yanke shawara a kan sauyin da Ukraine da kuma Rasha. Bayan haka, duk da XVII karni, kasar mu kare da dama daga wadannan wurare a lokacin da akai wars da Poland, da Crimea, Ottoman kuma ko da Sweden. Kawai a karshen da XVII karni, wadannan kasashe sun gane dukan hagu banki na Kiev da kuma Ukraine a dan kasa a Rasha, shiga da dama zaman lafiya yarjejeniyarsu.

Rasha a dangantakar kasa da kasa: 18th karni

A cikin XVIII karni, Rasha ya zama mai iko Turai jihar. Yake da alaka da sunayen "babban m": Bitrus I, mai girma, Elizabeth na Mai girma da Catherine II Mai girma. Rasha a cikin XVIII karni, cimma wadannan sakamakon:

1. Ya sami damar yin amfani da Black kuma Baltic Tekuna. A saboda wannan dalili da yawa soja rikice-rikice da Sweden da kuma Turkey.
2. Kara taki suka fara samar da kansa masana'antu, akwai wani ƙi na shigo da albarkatun kasa, da yawa masana'antu da kayayyaki da kuma makamai.
3. Rasha ya zama mafi girma m na hatsi.
4. Our kasar da aka karshe annexed dukan ƙasar Rus. Wannan ya zama zai yiwu bayan bangare (akwai da dama) na Commonwealth.

Unrealized a raga a kasashen waje da manufofin na XVIII karni

Ya kamata a lura da cewa tsare-tsaren da shugabanninmu a cikin XVIII karni sun grandiose:

1. Samar da wata guda Turai Orthodox jihar cewa zai hada duk Orthodox mutane na Turai.
2. Samun zuwa Bahar Rum. A saboda wannan dalili ya zama dole su kama biyu Turkish straits - da Bosporus da Dardanelles.
3. Rasha ya zama duniya cibiyar al'adu, kazalika da manyan cibiyoyin na duniya autocracy. Wannan shi ne dalilin da ya sa kasar ta shirya duk da "sarauta mutane" na Faransa bayan juyin mulki a lokacin da Faransa juyin juya halin da kuma aza "wajibi azabta upstart" - Napoleon Bonaparte.

Rasha a cikin XIX karni

Rasha a duniya tsarin na karni na 19th aka hannu a cikin matakai na duniya m hadewa. Har tsakiyar karni, kuma har yanzu muna rike conservatism. Mun ci Napoleon, dauke da "gendarme na Turai" da kuma tabbacin tsaro a duniya. Duk da haka, da manyan kasashen Turai sun riga ɓullo da a kan m jari hujja hanya. Rasha ta ~ uka komai su zama ƙara m tare da kowane wucewa shekara. A karshe, ya bayyana bayan da Crimean War na 1853-1856. A da sojojinmu zasu kare daga nesa rifled Turai bindigogi, masu dogon zango da bindigogi, da kuma teku, mu sabuwar sailing jiragen ruwa da aka halaka steamers.

Bayan wadannan abubuwan, Rasha ya ki ya aiki kasashen waje da manufofin da ya buɗe ƙyamarenta ga kasa da kasa da kasashen waje babban birnin kasar.