Rafael Santi, "The Sistine Madonna": da bayanin irin hoto da kuma hoto

Daya daga cikin mafi yi magana game da mafi kyau-ƙaunar Masterpieces na Renaissance - shi ne hoto na "The Sistine Madonna" da Raphael. Ga mutane da yawa da shi ne wani misali da wani babban Yammacin zanen. Da shahararsa shi ne kusan kamar yadda mai girma kamar yadda da cewa na "Mona Lisa". Duk wanda ya yi binciken wannan zanen, gane da m da m magana Maryama, kuma jariri Yesu mutane, amma duk yunkurin wa decipher wurãrenta suna sau da yawa m.

A kadan tarihi na babban fitacciyar

Raphael aiki da muhimmanci matuƙa da kuma ban sha'awa. Lokacin da yake rubuta zanen "Sistine Madonna," sa'an nan ya yi nasara a aikin, kuma su bar for zurriyar na musamman da fitacciyar. Asali da zanen da aka ƙi da abokan ciniki da kuma yana wanzuwa ga dogon lokacin da tafiya. Ta ga ascetic sufi ganuwar da alatu na sarauta manyan gidãje. A XVI karni, wannan na musamman aikin da aka kusan manta, a cikin XIX karni ya zama daya daga cikin rare ayyukan art, kuma a cikin tsakiyar karni XX kusan mutuwa. Duk wadannan vicissitudes ya jimre da yanar gizo wanda ya rubuta Rafael Santi, - "The Sistine Madonna".

A fitacciyar cewa ba zai iya barin sha'aninsu dabam

A babban Italian fenta na Renaissance mawãƙi, da ake kira image na Madonna. A motif na uwa da jariri ya kasance canzawa a cikin da yawa daga Raphael ta ayyuka, amma da "Sistine Madonna" da ke sa cikin viewer mafi ban sha'awa - da idanu na Madonna duba amincewa da a lokaci guda damun.

Daga cikin girma da kuma sauki daga wata mace kawo wa mutane mafi masoyi - ɗansa. Madonna sauƙi, kuma amincewa matakai a cikin girgije cewa swirl karkashin ta danda ƙafa. Light iska darkãke gefen ta bayyana alkyabbar. Madonna duk da bayyanar da kama wani talakawa baƙauye. Ta ko da yake riƙe da ɗansa kamar yadda suka saba ci gaba da yara baƙauye mace. Shi ake bayyana image na Our Lady of marubucin "Sistine Madonna".

Balanci zato game da art na Raphael fitacciyar

Wannan sauki mace maraba kamar yadda sarauniyar sama. Madonna dubi admiringly a tsohon mutum durkusa a gaban papal riguna - Mai Tsarki Sixtus. Wannan shi ne Virgin, tare da wa abõkinsa na St. Barbara, wanda facilitates gari mutuwa.

Masu biya kusa da hankali ga aikin Raphael ta "Sistine Madonna": bayanin irin hoto da wani cikakken binciken a kan zukatan masu bincike shekaru da dama, yana da wani jana'izar zane, wanda da artist Ya halitta a kan rasuwar mai kyautata, Paparoma Julius II. Wannan shi ne dalilin da ya sa na fuska siffofin Julia wanda aka nuna a cikin hoton na St. Sixtus, da kuma papal Tiara, yana tsaye a kan parapet, lashe tare da ɗan itacen oak hatimi alamar Julius II.

Order a kan dutsen kabari hoto

Majiɓinci, Raphael aka mugun tsoho. Ya iya doke da artist ko sandarsa yi oda daga halakar murals cewa bai son. A daidai wannan lokaci Julius kare wani kudi don ado na manyan gidãje da majami'u.

A cikin tsari, Rafael aiki fentin dakunan da sabon papal fada a Roma, kuma Ya halitta wani m fresco "The School of Athens", "Debate", "Parnassus" da sauransu. A 1513, Julius II ya mutu, kuma Raphael, kamar yadda daya daga ya fi so artists aka tambaye su fenti mai hoto, wanda ya kamata ya zama kabarin da Paparoma a cikin Roman Cathedral of San Pietro. Hakika, zan amince da yin wannan aikin, Rafael Santi. "The Sistine Madonna" zanen da aka jana'izar.

Da ɗari biyu da shekara wanderings shahara zane-zane

An zaci cewa artist yi aiki a kan aikinsa a 1513, amma suka sāke tunaninsu da kuma zumunta na Paparoma a cikin babban coci maimakon hoto mutum-mutumi shigar. Shi ne mai sassaka "Musa" by Michelangelo, Raphael har abada kishiya. A fitacciyar da artist ƙaryata aka cire daga Roma. Haka abin ya fara yawo "Sistine Madonna".

Domin da karni biyu, da zanen da ke cikin lardin garin Piacenza, a cikin Benedictine sufi.

Wannan ya ba Yunƙurin zuwa labari cewa "Sistine Madonna" da aka samu izini da Ruhbãnãwa haƙĩƙa sunã ga coci bagaden. Sai da na ɗauki fiye da karni biyu, kuma yanzu a 1754, ya sami wani m Jamus art tara Agusta na uku. Ya biya domin shi 20 dubu sequins, wani babba Naira Miliyan Xari a cikin waɗancan kwanaki. A aikin da aka kawo Saxony, a Dresden fadar hadaddun, amma kawai zai iya ganin ta zabe. Pearl na gallery, wanda aka rubuta da Rafael Santi, "Sistine Madonna," domin na gaba shekaru 100 da aka boye daga view a daya daga cikin dakunan kowa na fada.

Historical abubuwan da suka je ta hanyar sanannun fitacciyar

A halin yanzu, kasashen Turai da aka girgiza da juyin juya halin. A 1749 a rare tawaye fara a Jamus. A lokacin titi yãƙi a Dresden Zwinger haske concert zauren, amma hotuna sa'a ba ji rauni. Bayan shekaru 6, da lalace rabo daga fadar da aka mayar.

A 1855, da "Sistine Madonna", tare da sauran Masterpieces aka koma zuwa wani reshe na ginin. Dresden Gallery ya zama wani wuri na aikin hajji ga dubban mutane daga kasashen da dama. May 8, 1945 Dresden farmaki goma sha biyar da ɗari American kai harin. A tarihi gari, wanda yana da shekara ɗari uku tarihi, an halakar da kuma a rabin awa. The gine-gine da gungu na Zwinger aka juya zuwa cikin kango.

Amma watanni biyu daga baya, kusa Dresden Soviet sojojin da aka samu watsi quarry. Akwai, dama a kan raw duwatsu sun zane-zane ta hanyar Dutch Masters, kuma daya kawai zanen da aka hankali cushe a cikin akwatin da musamman buga absorbers. Hakika, shi ya shahara fitacciyar cewa sanya Rafael Santi, - "The Sistine Madonna".

Yi tafiya zuwa Rasha

A lokacin rani na shekara ta 1945, wannan zanen tare da sauran zane-zane daga Jamus gidajen tarihi da aka dauka zuwa Moscow. Domin shekaru tara da mafi kyau restorers koma zuwa rayuwa ta shafa yanki na art. A shekarar 1954, "The Sistine Madonna" da sauran kayayyakin gargajiya na Dresden gidan kayan gargajiya kasance a kan nuni watanni biyu a Moscow Museum of Fine Arts mai suna bayan Pushkin, bayan abin da suka kasance koma zuwa gudun hijirar.

A lokacin da shekaru ransa ya rubuta da yawa ayyukan Rafael Santi. Zanen "Sistine Madonna", "The Three ni'imar", "Ilimi na Virgin Mary", "A Kawasaki na Galatea" kuma da yawa wasu cusa nufi da sha'awa da kuma tsoronsa.