Princess Tenisheva Mariya Klavdievna: biography zama majiɓinci, photos

Rasha noblewoman Tenisheva Mariya Klavdievna, biography wadda za a iya bayyana, a wannan labarin, na farko surname sa Pyatkovskaya. Ta wani shahararren jama'a adadi, malama da shuni. Yana kuma aka sani da m yanayi, enamel artists kuma ma'adanin haraji. Tenisheva Maria Klavdievna kafa wani art studio na Petersburg, Rasha antiquities gidan kayan gargajiya a birnin Smolensk, da School of zane (ma a St. Petersburg), Bezhitsk sana'a makaranta, kazalika da art-masana'antu nazarinsa a Talashkino Estate, wanda mallakar ta.

Tenisheva Maria Klavdievna: short bilayer Graphene

Hakika, labarin game da rayuwar mutum da ta fara da ainihin ranar da haihuwa. Abin baƙin ciki, tarihi ya kiyaye bayanai game da wace shekara aka haife nan gaba talented artist, domin shi ne shege, ko da yake babban birnin noblewoman. Babu daya yau bai san abin da sunan ta mahaifinsu. Bayan aure, ta dauki mijinta sunan da ya zama sananne a matsayin Tenisheva Maria Klavdievna. Kwanan wata na haihuwar ta - Afrilu 20, amma da shekara ta nuna kamar tsakanin 1865-1867. Af, akwai jita-jitar cewa mahaifinta iya zama Sarkin sarakuna Alexander II na Rasha. Mafi m, shi ne saboda wannan sosai tana tattare a cikin asiri labarin ta haihuwa.

m yara

Mahaifiyarta Maria Alexandrovna aure Claudius da Stefanovich Pyatkovskogo haifa masa suna. Biyu uban rana kadan Masha ya MP Dizen bango - wani attajiri mutumin wanda ya mallakar da dama gidaje a St. Petersburg da kuma Moscow. Uwar ba ta shafi 'yarsa da taushi da kuma kulawa, da kuma yarinya ya ko da yaushe tabbata a tsare don haka kamar yadda ba su jawo wa kansu ta fushi, kamar yadda sakamakon abin da zai iya bi azãba mai tsanani, kuma ko da duka. Ta girma ne na bakin ciki-skinned da kuma rufe, shi zai iya cũtar guda gani ɓoyayye. Bugu da kari, ta ya dade da aka gudanar a zuciya kuma ba zai iya gafarta. Duk da haka, ta ya na da karfi-Yã so, kuma irin, m da kuma aiki. Ta mafarkin na wani daban-daban rayuwa, da akasin abin da ta yi a cikin gidan uban rana.

samuwar

Har 1869 a nan gaba Princess Mariya Klavdievna Tenisheva karatu a gida a karkashin m ido na a Faransa malami. Duk da haka, bayan koyo game da sabuwar bude Rasha ta farko 'yan mata makaranta, inda aikata a kan' yan matan da ilimi shirin, namiji makarantu, ta yanke shawarar kai jarrabawa da kuma rubuta shi. Founder na motsa jiki a ya M. Speshnyov. matasa Masha koyo yi sauki, kuma shi nan da nan ya zama daya daga cikin na farko ƴan makaranta.

farko aure

A 1876, Maria aure. Mijinta ya zama wani lauya R. Nikolaev. A shekara daga baya ta sami 'yar, Maria Rafailovna - nan gaba Baroness von der Osten-Sacken. Duk da haka, da aure da aka short-rayu da da ewa fadi baya. Da zarar a tarihin kansa, "Tenisheva Mariya Klavdievna: kwaikwayo na rayuwata," ta rubuta, cewa dalilin da kisan aure shi ne incompatibility na sũnãyensu tare da mijinta.

Paris

Lokacin da yarinyar da aka 4 years old, Maria Klavdievna bar gidan, shan tare da shi a yar. Ta tafi zuwa Paris, inda ya zama shiga a cikin rera wakoki makaranta M. Marchesi. A halin yanzu, Masha duba ga m bawan Lisa, wanda zai zauna tare da su don rayuwa. Ba da da ewa Paris domin Maria Klavdievny Tenisheva zama sosai garinsu, inda ta ji kamar kifi a ruwa. Ga shi duka kusa da kuma bayyana. Ta take kaiwa wani wadanda mutane rai, ya gana da m mutane. A music makaranta ta gana Rubinstein, Charles Gounod. Its sharuddan Dating ne na girma kowace rana. Daga cikin ta abokai ne ma Ivan Turgenev. Artist Makovsky ma farin ciki da cewa ya ya dauka a da'irar abokai Tenisheva Maria Klavdievna. A hoto na ta, ya rubuta karkashin farko da ra'ayi ta yi a kan shi.

A farko ganawar da Talashkino

Shekaru biyu bayan da suke zaune a Faransa babban birnin kasar, nan gaba Duchess koma zuwa Rasha da kuma aika zuwa Estate to da yara aboki Kitty. A Talashkino ta sosai, duk da cewa babu wani abu na ƙwarai. Ta likes da 'yan qasar yanayi, tsaunuka, dazuzzuka da kuma filayen. Bayan wani gajeren sauran, ta, tare da ta aboki sake aika zuwa Paris, domin ta bukata don kammala karatu a vocal makaranta. A Faransa babban birnin kasar sun fara zuwa da kansa tafiyar da arts tarihi, a ziyarci da dama gidajen tarihi, al'adu da sauransu. D. A LOUVRE Tenisheva Maria Klavdievna gana da Gilbert da artist fara daukar shi jawo darussa. A wannan lokacin, ta fara samun shiga a cikin enamels.

A farkon zamantakewa

A 1887, sabuwar zo a Talashkino, budurwa bude wata makaranta domin baƙauye yara. Sun yanke shawarar ba kawai don ya koya musu karatu da rubutu, amma kuma don hašawa zuwa crafts da kuma ba su damar da za su yi nasara a rayuwa. Tenisheva wani gaskiya Bakan'ane, da kuma ta so ko ta yaya taimakawa ga ci gaba na kasar su. Zai yiwu shi ne a cikin ta jini faɗa wa mahaifinta lashe?

The search kanta

A shekara daga baya, Mary Klavdievny Tenisheva daura sani da Konstantin Stanislavsky. Ta yi kokarin hannunsa a gidan wasan kwaikwayo da kuma fagen fama. Ana ƙãra da yanayi, shi zai fara yi ci gaba, da kuma wani babban darektan yana ba ta damar da za su tabbatar da kanta a matsayin wani actress a Theatrical samar da "Baloven" a kan mataki na "Aljanna". Duk da haka, da art yana da mafiɗaukaka kuma shi ya ci gaba da azuzuwan a watercolor N. Golitsin, sa'an nan ya shiga makarantar Baron Stieglitz a zane azuzuwan. Juyawa a m da'ira, ta gana da wani matashi mai zane-zane I. E. Repinym, kuma daga baya tare da Aleksandrom Benua, wanda ya kawo wanta Albert artist.

biyu aure

A 1892 ta auri sake da kuma yanzu ke da babban rayuwa a matsayin Princess Mariya Klavdievna Tenisheva. Shuni, kasuwa, harkokin kimiyya, kuma kamar wani babban mai kaurin zuciya mutum, Vyacheslav goyon bayan duk manufofin da kadan matarsa. Ya zarar kafa shahara Tenishev School a St. Petersburg. Aure da mutum daga irin wannan high jirgin ba ta da yawa abũbuwan amfãni, kuma ya bude wadannan dama, wanda ta taba mafarkin. Duk da haka, ba ta yi amfani da su domin sirri ci gaba da kuma ci gaba domin amfanin cikin gida da zane-zane. Yana kuma ce cewa Mariya Klavdievna Tenisheva - shuni a mafi gaskiyan ma'anarta.

Rayuwa a Bezhitsa

Mijinta mallakar Bryansk relsoprokatny shuka, wanda aka located in Bezhitsa. Zuwa nan, don ya Estate, Maria Klavdievna fara tafiyar da ilimi da ayyukan. Hakika, shi ne sosai wannan ya taimaka mijinta. Ba tare da babban birnin kasar ta iya ba su aikata fatattaka ciki. Bugu da kari, shi ya kasance wani sosai hikima mutum girmamawa a tsarar masana kimiyya, da kuma ta sosai taimako shawara. VN Tenishev tsiwirwirinsu kasa da kasa fitarwa a matsayin wani ilimi sociologist da ethnographer, marubucin kimiyya takardunku. Amma a Rasha, ya kasance a karkashin m kula da hukumomi, wanda firgita 'yanci ra'ayoyi, kazalika da' yan adawa ga manufofin na jihar, wanda ya lokaci-lokaci shared a cikin kunkuntar da'irar m. A halin yanzu, matarsa, bai san kome ba game da siyasa, ya ji cewa ta bukata don ci gaba da talanti da mutanen da suke bayan su wajen ci gaba da kuma bayyana kanta duniya. Ta gidan ne kullum faruwa ga matalauta artists, 'yan wasan kwaikwayo da mawaƙa, a wata kalma, mutane na art. Duk da haka, duk da wannan fusata yarima, ba ya iya jure manifestations "bohemian", bai so kayayyakin gargajiya, da kuma bai sani ba yadda za a kashe kudi a kan sayan art abubuwa ga wani sirri tarin. Duk da haka, akwai wani abu da cewa sõyayya wadannan biyu irin mutane daban-daban - a soyayya na music da kuma fadakarwa. Tenishev daidai da na taka leda da cello da ya abokai da yawa da suka shahara kida.

Saba da Tchaikovsky

A 1892, godiya ga Vyacheslav Konstantinovich, Tenisheva Maria Klavdievna ya gana da babban Tchaikovsky. Da zarar a gidansu a kan yawo des Inglés a nutse Petersburg ya'yan sarakuna biyu shirya wani yamma a cikin girmamawa ga mawaki, da kuma gimbiya kanta yanke shawarar yin Tchaikovsky ta romances a gare shi. A babban mawaki yi farin ciki tare da ita ta murna, da kuma garzaya ta zuwa bi. Maraice riba mamaki mai kyau, da kuma mawaki ba ya so ya bar, shi ne ko da latti wani maimaitawa a Opera "Iolanta".

Tenisheva Maria Klavdievna: Talashkino, canji

Catherine czetwertyński iyali shi ne mai na Estate. Ta yarda da murna don sayar da shi ga mijinta ta abokinka, Prince Tenishevo, da kuma cewa, bi da bi, sanya matar mai sarauta kyauta ga wani birthday party. Duk da haka, Kitty samu izinin hayan ga rayuwa da kuma zauna a kan Estate. Daga wannan rana Talashkino sāke bayan fitarwa. Ga ayyukan mata kafa samar da man fetur da matsi, ga wanda ya zo da m-karshen kayan aiki daga waje. Wannan lokaci, gimbiya nuna wa kansu da kuma wasu da cewa ba zai iya zama mai bohemian, m da romantic, amma kuma mai girma kasuwa. Dukan kayayyakin da ake shigo da daga masana'antu a biyu Rasha manya - Moscow da kuma St. Petersburg, kazalika a Paris. Around Estate grand gini fara. M gina wani greenhouse, wani tururi niƙa, dabba enclosures, daban-daban nazarinsa, ciki har da gyaran kayan aikin noma. Isa a aikin Talashkino ma'aikata fara gina nasu gidajensu. Duk lokacin Tenisheva Maria Klavdievna ciyar a kan dukiya, ta kawo wa kansa daga Paris mota kuma koro game da shi a kan abin da ya mallaka. Sa'an nan daga nan Khotyleva tuba stables, wanda ya ƙunshi 50 dawakai. Domin dawakai da ruwa ne da za'ayi tare da ruwan zafi. Kuma shayarwa suna gayyace daga Ingila. Daga baya, a kusa da ingarma gona gina fage don doki racing da lodges.

fadada Holdings

Tenisheva Mariya Klavdievna, wanda iyali kawai lokaci-lokaci zuwa Talashkino, ya samu kansa a wani sabon aiki. Ta fara sayen kauyuka da gonaki. Kafa makarantu, gina dakunan kwanan dalibai. Ba da da ewa School a Flenovo fara magana da dukan gundumar. Daga lokaci zuwa lokaci ta ragu a Petersburg. A nan, a nasu gida, ta kafa wani zane makaranta. Mun zo nan don koyi, matasa talented mutane da suke so su shiga cikin Academy of Fine Arts. Daga cikin dalibai sun M. Dobuzhinsky, I. Ya. Bilibin, Z. Serebryakov S. V. Chehonin dan Repina Yury, A. Pogossky, M. Chambers, Bilibin et al. School a request na gimbiya gudanar Ilya Repin.

Sadaukarwa

Iskusstovedy abokai, wanda ta patronized farkon a cikin aiki da kuma da wanda ta buga wani aminci, ya fara e ta aiki. Saboda haka, mawaki A. S. Arensky rubuta rubutu for romance "Lily na Valley", da kuma kalmomi zuwa su hada P. I. Chaykovsky. The artist Aleksandr Benua offers da sabis da gimbiya a cikin amfaninsa Tenishev tarin zane da watercolors. Ya kuma fa, tã da yawa hotuna da ra'ayoyi Talashkino estate. 1896 ya na musamman domin Tenishevs iyali. A All-Russian nuni hada da Bryansk factory da Bezhitskaya sana'a makaranta mallakar da Prince kuma Princess. Su aka bayar da mafi daga gidan sarauta, ya gõde.

Har yanzu, Paris

Duk yadda Maria Klavdievna ba son Rasha, duk da haka, Paris ne daidai da birni inda ta ji mafi dadi. Kuma a yanzu, bayan wani dogon hutu, shi ne mayar da a da ya fi so birni. Ga sake shi jan a karatu da kuma ta shiga cikin Academy Julien. A cikin aji B. Constant shi ya ci gaba da karatu a zanen da zane. Ga ta gana L. Bakst, a cikin ƙuncin rai, da taimakawa da shi. Bugu da kari, ta sayayya mafi yawan hoto aiki na artist. Kuma duk da haka a cikin Rasha zamanin] aular neman sauyi tashin hankali, da kuma ta zane makaranta fara zargin a cikin kungiyar na daban-daban taron. Saboda wannan tsakanin ta da darektan na makaranta, Repin, da rikici dai itace, duk da haka, Repin, ba so rasa makaranta, gabatar da wannan batu tare da hukumomi. A wannan shekara, wani bude zane makaranta a Smolensk. Jigo ga m studio ne gida E .K. Czetwertyński iyali, da kuma shugaban da aka nada ta hanyar daya daga cikin almajiran Repin A. Shan taba.

Collectables Nunin

1897 a St. Petersburg bude baje kolin inda baƙi zuwa kotu nuna watercolors da kuma zane daga tarin Marii Tenishevoy. Game da magana na St. Petersburg Elite. Kuma shi ya girmama ta da hankali Tretyakov kansa. Yana offers da gimbiya ya fanshi 'yan hotuna, amma ta ki yarda, bayanin ya ƙi rashin so ga rasa mutunci da tarin. Af, a karshen, shi yayi wani tarin Rasha Museum, wanda aka nan da nan ya yi wahayi. Amma ta ce cewa su iya kawai dauki hotuna na Rasha artists. A lokaci guda, Prince VN Tenishev na'am da gwamnati nada a matsayin Kwamishinan-Janar kuma shugaban na Rasha sashen a Duniya Nunin a Paris. Da matarsa, tare da wani majiɓinci, kuma shugaban na St Petersburg rawa nagartattu na Sergeem Dyagilevym - a Finland, domin kungiyar na hadin gwiwa art nuni.

A mujallar "World of Art"

A farkon karni na 20th, Maria Tenisheva da Sergey Mamontov haifar da wani sabon al'adu magazine - "The World of Art". Shi ne wannan lokaci ne hoto na Princess, rubuta Serov da kuma adana a cikin Smolensk Museum. A lokacin aiki a kan mujallar ta gana da wani fitaccen mai daukar hoto da ya lokaci I.Borschevskim. Kuma suka fara zuwa ya hau kan tsoho Rasha birane da kuma hotunan da gida jan hankali ga mujallar.

enamel art

Bayan wani lokaci bayan halittar mujallar, ta kõma, zuwa ta haihuwa so - enamel art kuma kafa musamman art makaranta a Smolensk. Masters suka shiga a cikin shi an fara zana har da wani coci gina a kudi na Tenishevs iyali. tubali factory aka gina domin cewa da.

m ayyuka

Kan gaba 'yan shekaru a can aka sanya da yawa Tenisheva ga ci gaban Rasha al'adu, duk suna m. Bude nune-nunen, gidajen tarihi, kide aka ba su, da kuma yafi. A Moscow shagon "Spring" an halitta, wanda sayar da kayayyakin kera a Talashkino nazarinsa. House Tenisheva a Talashkino ko da yaushe cike da celebrities. A nan ya zo ko da kansa Sergei Diaghilev. A matsayin sakamako na 1905 juyin juya halin Talashkino shagunan ake rufe, gimbiya ne ba da kuɗaɗen da "World of Art" mujallar, da kuma shi ma an rufe. Maria Klavdievna, shan ya m tarin, aika zuwa Paris da kuma shirya wani nuni. Rayuwa a Faransa babban birnin kasar, shi ya ci gaba da tafiyar da enamel art. A 1907, sai ya koma zuwa ga Rasha, da ta san cewa ita aka bayar da lakabi na girmamawa jama'a na Smolensk. A 1912 Tenishev Museum aka girmama da ziyarar da Sarkin sarakuna na All Rasha Nicholas II.

farko duniya

A shekara ta 1914, tare da farkon yakin, ya bude a Smolensk asibitin sojoji. Maria Klvdievna ba zai iya zama sha'aninsu dabam, kuma ta aikata aiki na da shi, kuma shi hidima a matsayin wani abin hawa to safarar da rauni. Nicholas II yana zuwa asibiti don ya gaishe, kuma Ya sãkã sojoji. Sarkin sarakuna yaba Princess kishin kasa da kuma gode ta mata sabis zuwa mahaifarsa. A 1915-1916. Tenisheva ya ke aiki a kan rubutun da kuma kare shi. A Oktoba juyin juya halin hanyoyin. The al'adu rayuwa a cikin ƙasa freezes da Tenisheva fuskantar tsanani ciki. Sa'an nan ya Oktoba, kuma ta matso kusa da wani rukuni na mutane ya gudu zuwa kudancin kasar, inda shi haye zuwa Faransa, inda ta rayu har 1928.

epilogue

A ta jin dadi kadan gidan ya fara ziyarci da yawa daga cikin shahararrun artists. A wannan lokacin, ta fara aiki a cikin littafinsa, wanda aka ambata a farkon wannan labarin. Princess Tenisheva mutu a 1928 a zaman talala, amma ya fi so birni. Ta taba sake gan ƙaunataccen Uwar Rasha. Ta manyan mukaman gidan kira kananan Talashkino.