Phagocytosis - shi ne babban inji na rigakafi da tsarin

Mafi sau da yawa daga manya renon offsuit TV show, mun koyi cewa tsarin na rigakafi na zaune a cikin hanjinsu. Duk abin da yake da muhimmanci a wanke, tafasa, ci dama, saturate jiki da m kwayoyin da kaya kamar cewa.

Amma rigakafi da muhimmanci ba wai kawai cewa. A 1908, Rasha masanin kimiyya II Mechnikov karbi Nobel Prize a Physiology ta gaya (kuma tabbatarwa) worldwide kasancewa a general da kuma musamman muhimmancin phagocytosis na rigakafi da tsarin.

phagocytosis

The kariya na jikin mu daga cutarwa ƙwayoyin cuta da kwayoyin faruwa a cikin jini. A babban manufa na wannan: akwai alamomi na sel, suka gani maƙiyi da kiwon da shi, da kuma-ceto keji Label sami da kuma halakar da dan hanya.

Phagocytosis - wani tsari na halaka, wato, sha na cutarwa rai Kwayoyin da matattun barbashi ko wasu kwayoyin da musamman Kwayoyin - phagocytes. Akwai 5 iri. Kuma aiwatar fitowa for game 3 hours da ya hada da 8 matakai.

matakai na phagocytosis

Bari mu dubi a cikin mafi daki-daki, abin da yake phagocytosis. Wannan tsari ne sosai ma'ana da tsanaki:

• farko phagocyte sanarwa abu tasiri da kuma motsa su da shi - wannan mataki da aka kira chemotaxis.

• bayan kama da abu, da tantanin halitta yana da tabbaci da bin, a haɗe a cikinta, watau bãyukansu ...

• sa'an nan ya fara kunna ka fata - matsanancin membrane.

• Yanzu fara da ainihin phagocytosis kanta: wannan sabon abu ne alama ta da samuwar pseudopodia a kusa da abu.

• hankali shiga phagocyte cell qeta ciki a karkashin ta membrane haka kafa phagosome.

• a wannan mataki a can ne Fusion na lysosomes da phagosomes.

• Yanzu za ka iya nike duk - don ya hallaka.

• karshe mataki na iya kawai jefa narkewa na abinci.

Duk abin! Kan aiwatar da lalata cutarwa kwayoyin da aka kammala, ya aka kashe da karfi narkewa kamar enzymes phagocyte ko a sakamakon numfashi fashe. Mun lashe!

Wasa ajiye, phagocytosis - ne mai matukar muhimmanci inji na jiki ta kare tsarin, wanda shi ne muhimmi ga mutane da dabbobi, a gaskiya - vertabrate da kwaro.

dramatis personae

A phagocytosis ya shafi ba kawai phagocytes. Duk da cewa wadannan aiki Kwayoyin ne ko da yaushe a shirye don yin yaki, dã sun kasance m ba tare da cytokines. Bayan phagocyte, sai su yi magana, shi ne makafi. Ya bai rarrabe tsakanin abokai da kuma makiya, ko kuma wajen, kamar ba su gani wani abu.

Cytokines - mai tsaro tsarin, wani irin shiryarwa ga phagocytes. Su ko ta yaya kawai cikakke "hangen nesa", suka daidai fahimta wanda shi ne wanda. Hange da cutar ko kwayoyin cuta, da suka manne da shi a kan wani alama ta da, kamar wari, shi zai phagocyte.

A mafi muhimmanci cytokines - kwayoyin waɗanda ake kira canja wurin dalilai. Tare da su taimako phagocytes ba kawai ya san inda abokan gaba, amma kuma sadarwa tare da juna, kira domin taimako, falke leukocytes.

Get alurar riga kafi, mun horar da shi cytokines, koya musu su gane sabon maƙiyi.

iri phagocytes

Sel na iya phagocytosis, raba ta sana'a da kuma wadanda ba sana'a phagocytes. Ma'aikata su ne:

• monocytes - su ne farin jini Kwayoyin, an lakabi da "wipers", wanda samu kan musamman ikon sha (idan na su ce haka, su da kyau sosai ci).

• macrophages - babban cin suke cin matattu ko lalace Kwayoyin da kuma inganta da samuwar antibodies.

• neutrophils - ko da yaushe na farko zuwa zo a shafin na kamuwa da cuta. Su ne mafi yawa, da neutralize da abokan gaba, amma su da kansu ma mutu a lokaci guda (a irin kamikaze). Af, ruɓaɓɓen jini - ya rasu neutrophils.

• dendrites - kware a pathogens da kuma aiki a lamba tare da yanayi,

• mast Kwayoyin - da magabatansu na cytokines, kuma ko da shanku gram-korau kwayoyin.