Peterhof, da na sama shakatawa: sculptures, marẽmari hotuna

Peterhof - wani m shakatawa da yawa marẽmari kuma sculptures, wanda aka located 29 kilomita daga St. Petersburg, a kan kudancin bakin Gulf of Finland. A da ikon yinsa, wannan wurin shakatawa ba yarda ko da Faransa Versailles, da girma da marẽmari fi gaban shi.

A wurin shakatawa ne zuwa kashi biyu sassa: Upper da kuma Lower Peterhof. A babba shakatawa ne da ya fi karami fiye da ƙananan, amma ba na baya zuwa da shi a cikin kyakkyawa da asali. Za mu iya cewa kowane daga cikinsu ne na musamman da kuma ban sha'awa a kansu hanya. A cikin labarin, za mu mayar da hankali, yafi a kan Upper Park. Taimaka akalla kadan su gabatar da alatu, wanda shi ne daban-daban Peterhof hotuna posted a cikin labarin.

Tarihi Park Education

Yau sarauta gungu shakatawa ya hada 4 marmari cascade da 176 unmatched kyakkyawa marẽmari. Kuma shekaru 300 da suka wuce, akwai kawai swamps da located da kewayen kauyen. Duk da haka, a cikin 1710s, Peter na bayar da umarni a kan farkon aiki gine-gine da kuma wuri mai faɗi da ayyukansu. Godiya ga mutane da yawa tsira takardun, hotuna da kuma zane-zane ko da ya zo da mu hankali da cewa wasu ayyukan da marẽmari, kazalika da manufar gungu shiryawa a general da kuma ci gaban samar da ruwa da tsarin mallakar da sarki da kansa.

By 1723 da babban fadar zama an cikakke kuma mai suna "Peterhof". A bude wurin shakatawa, tare da kaddamar da babban gine-gine na marmaro - Grand Cascade - kamar yadda ya faru a wannan shekara. Sunan "Peterhof" tare da Jamus da harshen da aka fassara a matsayin "Petrova gidan gona." Daga 1762 zuwa kira Peterhof zama da kuma birnin girma a kusa da gidan sarauta zama, da dukan gidan sarauta, kuma wurin shakatawa gungu, yada fitar a kusa da ita. Grand Cascade kuma da dama wasu marẽmari aka kishin Rasha nasara a Arewa War, da kuma bayan cewa akwai da Rasha Empire. Ginin gidan kayan gargajiya, da farko yi aiki a matsayin wurin zama da Sarkin sarakuna, da aka tuba bayan da Oktoba juyin juya halin.

wuya lokaci

A lokacin yakin duniya na biyu domin shakatawa zo duhu lokaci, saboda abokan gaba manyan bindigogi da aka kusan gaba daya hallaka shi. Duk da haka, godiya ga kusan fifiko kokarin da ma'aikata na gidan kayan gargajiya kusan 50 shigarwar da kuma game da 8000 da abubuwa na fada ciki gudanar ya dauke ko da a gaban Jamus zama. Yana da aka, ba shakka, wani muhimmin nasarar art, amma, da rashin alheri, da abubuwa da aka ceto, shi ne kawai wani suna fadin wani ɓangare na dukan dukiyar da take Peterhof.

Peterhof fara raya kawai bayan da yaki, kuma lokaci-lokaci maido aiki ya ci gaba da wannan rana. A shekarar 1945 da Lower Park na Peterhof da aka bude. Bayan shekaru biyu da aka sake shigar da kuma gaba daya sake ƙirƙirarsu sanannen "Samson" marmaro, da jet wanda rushes 20 mita high da kuma wanda, godiya ta zuwa ga m kyakkyawa, aka ba halakãsu da Nazis, kuma aka kawai dauka zuwa Jamus. Restoration of Peterhof Palace ya fara a shekara ta 1952, kuma ya fara dakunan da aka bude a shekaru 12. Kusan daga toka tashi sake ƙirƙirarsu Peterhof. A samu ya sosai kauri.

Peterhof Palace

Manyan na mallaka Palace ne mafi shahararren gini a marmari Peterhof shakatawa. Ya tsaye da nuna alfahari kan Grand cascade abu zuwa wurin shakatawa yankin. A fadar da aka gina a cikin na musamman style of Petrine Baroque, amma a kan lokaci shi ya ci gaba don kammala aikin gina a cikin style of balagagge Baroque. A karkashin fada ne na ado wakiltar.

Kamar yadda aka ambata riga, wurin shakatawa ne zuwa kashi Upper da kuma Lower Parks. Lower Park aka located a wani yanki na 102,5 kadada, kuma shi Ciyarwar 22-kilometer ruwa bututun. Upper Park bautar da karami yanki, amma ba na baya zuwa Lower Park na Luxury da kuma bambancinsa da ta marẽmari da mutummutumai.

Tarik Upper Park

The main janye, wanda shi ne sanannen Peterhof, Upper Park, shi ne cikakken m fasali. Marẽmari suna ma dake symmetrically a cibiyar ne "Neptune", "Oak" da "Mezheumny", biyu ƙawata sauran na marmaro a gaban gefe fuka-fuki na fada. "Neptune" (marmaro) - a rinjaye na shakatawa, ado da wani yawa na musamman na da sculptures.

Wani janye daga Upper Park - hudu marmara sculptures ta Italian Dzhovanni Bonatstsa da kuma shigar a nan a 1757. Wannan "Pomona", "Zephyr", "Flora" da "Vertumnus". Wani saman lambu qawata da flowering kore Avenue, wanda yakan mallaki wani haske ja launi a cikin kaka kakar.

Fountain "Neptune"

Kamar yadda babban tsarin da Upper Park, da marmaro dubi sosai na marmari da kuma karin iskar fiye da wasu. "Neptune" - wani marmaro, ado da uku-tiered kungiyar na sculptures kuma falalen sama da shi ta hanyar teku ubangijina, rike a hannunsa a Trident canzawa. Tun da kusurwoyi huɗu na wannan abun da ke ciki pedestals shirya tare da masks marine halittu daga wanda ruwa jiragen sama buga.

Garesu na da tushe da Neptune zaune tare da oars a cikin hannãyenku daga cikin kogin Nymphs. The sosai guda pedestal ado da yawa murjãni, reliefs da sauran gubar sassa, kazalika da tagulla Figures wata yarinya da yaro. Neptune ne har yanzu a kusa da mahaya a hippocampus (tẽku winged dawakai), wanda ze kare yanci bautãwa kuma har yanzu tura a kan dabbobin ruwa. Akwai dabbobin ruwa a cikin marmaro tasa - takwas symmetrically shirya Figures.

A gefen kudu na marmaro "Neptune" ne karamin mataki, uku soles wanda ruwa gudana, da kuma a kan abin da akwai wani mutum-mutumi Apollona Belvederskogo, sanya na tagulla (amfani a wurinsa ya mutum-mutumi da "Winter" daga gubar). Kuma "Apollo" da "Neptune" ya bayyana a nan ba sau daya ba, amma kawai a 1736. Da farko, a cikin zuciya na tasa shi ne "Siyayya Neptunian", sanya gubar, duk da haka, bayan wani dilapidated, aka maye gurbinsu da wani sculptural abun da ke ciki "Neptune" (halitta a cikin XVII karni a Nuremberg). Saboda haka cewa da farko lokacin da sassaka da ya faru a Jamus.

A tarihin "Neptune"

Halittar wani musamman marmaro kungiyar da ke a cikin heyday na Jamus Empire, lokacin da kasar da aka gina daruruwan kyau Monuments. Nuremberg kuma Halicci wani abu na musamman don ado da birane kasuwar. Fountain yanke shawarar zo daidai da Aminci na Westphalia, sa an kawo karshen goma sha uku shekaru 'War - mafi muhimmanci aukuwa a Jamus tarihi. A wannan batun, a cikin halittar sassaka aiki na mafi kyau sana'a a cikin daular. Nymphs kusa Neptune aiwatuwa a lokacin mara kogin, da kuma kankare - Pegnitz da Regnitz. A cikin pedestal ne har yanzu ba isharori na Nuremberg, birnin zauren da Chancellor. Just a sculptural abun da ke ciki hada da 27 Figures.

Duk da haka, a karshen aikin ya juya daga cewa a cikin Nuremberg Pegnitz da Regnitz kogin bai isa ba ruwa ga aiki na wannan wata alfarma da marmaro abun da ke ciki. Sa'an nan kuma ya yi kwakkwance da matsawa zuwa cikin abin da ake kira mafi sau. A sakamakon haka, kawai 130 shekaru sassaka a m - birnin hukuma yanke shawarar cika up at ta kudi, ta kasafin kudin da shawarar a lokacin da magaji ga Rasha kursiyin, Paul koro zuwa Nuremberg a lokacin tafiya zuwa Yammacin Turai, saya "Neptune." Paul, so don nuna richness na Rasha Empire, ba tare da jinkirin, sun amince da wannan matakin da sayen sculptural rukuni na 30 000 rubles - a lokacin da kudi mai yawa.

Fountain "Mezheumny"

A ƙofar "Peterhof" (Upper Park), kudu da "Neptune" ne mai zagaye waha, ado da tagulla sculptures na wani dragon da hudu dabbobin ruwa. Daga bakin dragon hanzarta ja ruwa jet, da dabbobin ruwa da kuma fantsama ruwa. Wannan tasa aka asali kai "Andromeda", sa'an nan a cikin wuri mai yawan shekaru ba ziyarci daya sassaka, da kuma sakamakon da aka sa na tagulla adadi na wani winged dragon. A dangane da wannan abun da ke ciki ne da ake kira "blowout" Mezheumny "(ko" m ").

Amma da labarin da abun da ke ciki na impermanence ci gaba. Dragon aka canza zuwa delfinopodobnuyu sassaka "sterlet", da kuma ƙarshe - to a Cast-baƙin ƙarfe kwano. dragon ya koma a shekarar 1958, amma ya kasance sabon gaba daya a wurinsa. Kuma dragon da dabbobin ruwa da aka jefa, sãbuwa, daga tsira 'yan zane-zane.

"Oak" Fountain

Fountain "Oak" na Peterhof aka located a tsakiyar wani, kuma wani madauwari pool. Shi ne mai shida-nuna star, a iyakar abin da suke dabbobin ruwa, kuma a cikin cibiyar - da gilded marmara sassaka "Boy tare da mask." Da farko, shi ma ya duba daban-daban. A 1734, akwai wani gora, "Oak", kewaye da shida da dabbobin ruwa da uku dodo, amma sai aka cire bayan shekaru 12. A 1802, wannan song kafa a Lower Park.

Amma duk da haka bayan da marmaro asali samu da sunan "Oak", ko da yake babu "Oak" a cikin abun da ke ciki ba a can. Domin a yayin da a cikin cibiyar na marmaro aka sassaka katako, "Cornucopia", amma shi rududdugaggu kuma ƙarshe aka maye gurbinsu da wani "Yaron da mask."

sauran sculptures

"Peterhof" (Upper Park) shi ne ma sanannen domin ta mafi tsufa tafkunan - wani square kandami dug a 1719 don samar da ruwa a cikin Lower Park. A 1773, a tsakiyar wadannan kududdufai sun kafa sculptural kungiyoyin kewaye da dabbobin ruwa da gubar. Amma bayan shekaru masu yawa, sun rududdugaggu kuma an maye gurbinsu da saba unpretentious tsaye jiragen sama. Kawai a cikin shekara ta 1956 a square kandami komawa tsohon bayyanar.

A Upper shakatawa za ka iya kuma ganin sculptures na Peterhof kamar Italian Venus marmaro, wanda shi ne mai sassaka kewaye da shida dabbobin ruwa. A baya na marmaro ne a bayyane Church of St. Bitrus da St. Paul, wanda shine na cikin Peterhof Palace.

shahara wurin shakatawa

Kuma wannan shi ne kawai abin da kadan akwai sani game da Peterhof da kuma ta m marẽmari kuma sculptures. Hakika, a cikin wannan unbeatable shakatawa daraja ziyartar - zai fuskanci wani gaske tunawa daya. Har ila yau, ba ka damar ji dadin gaskiyar Peterhof ne sanannen, photo, wanda idan ba sosai, amma har yanzu kai da kyau na duniya shahara shakatawa.