Origin of adam da kuma mataki anthropogenes

Human Origins da kuma babban matakai na anthropogenesis kasance batun da shawara ga ƙarni da dama. Daga cikin dukkan m theories na asalin mutum mafi m, kuma mafi cigaban a yau lokaci ne ka'idar Darwin, wanda yana da "overbuilt" sabon facts da zargin.

Yana da wani asiri, kuma shi allocates da Darwin cewa a cikin matakin farko na anthropogenesis nazarin halittu dalilai wasa jagorancinsa rayuwar mutum, forming ya halaye, irin hali zuwa ga duniya. A nan gaba, mafi muhimmancin fara saya zamantakewa dalilai, don haka babban matakai na anthropogenesis ba za a dauke uniform da kuma halin da wucin gadi kashi. Abu mafi muhimmanci a kowane mataki - ingantaccen canje-canje.

Anthropogenesis mataki da su tuki sojojin, wadda a matakin farko, kamar yadda muka ce, shi ne sahun gaba wajen nazarin halittu bangaren, sa'an nan zamantakewa. Saboda haka, to nazarin halittu dalilai sun hada da: gwagwarmayar rayuwa, zabin yanayi, maye gurbi matakai, combinative canzawa, kwayoyin gantali, kadaici, gene kwarara, yawan ruwa. A social dalilai na ci gaba hada da aiki, zamantakewa da hanyar rayuwa, m magana.

Akwai uku main matakai na anthropogenesis:

1. tsoho mutane (archanthropines). Archanthropines akwai game da miliyan daya da suka wuce. Azahiri archanthropines sun vaguely kama da na zamani mutum, amma ya sãɓã, m Brow baka, jutting Chin, low kuma mĩƙe goshi, protruding wuyansa. Brain girma ya daga ɗari bakwai zuwa ɗari tara da hamsin cubic santimita, kuma da tsarin da aka fi m fiye da daga baya siffofin. Archanthropines tsunduma a farauta, ya zauna a kogwanni, da kuma amfani da wuta.
2. tsoho mutane (Paleoanthropes). Akwai game da ɗari biyu da dubu da suka wuce. Azahiri Paleoanthropes da kusan guda siffofin matsayin archanthropines, duk da haka, kwakwalwa girma ƙara kusan sau biyu, ya zama mafi ci gaba musculature. A paleanthropic ya yi wani yunkurin m magana. Idan muka kwatanta da sauran jiki ci gaba da kuma archanthropines paleanthropic, da karshen ne muhimmanci na baya jiki halaye.
3. zamani mutane (neanthropines). Muna da babban girma, ya karu kwakwalwa girma, canja siffar kwanyar ƙasũsuwa. Tsunduma a farauta da taro iya sadarwa zuwa juna m sautuna. Sun gina wani gidan, halitta na farko kogo zane-zane sun iya dinka tufafi.

A farko matakai biyu na anthropogenesis da wani abu zabin halitta ', domin ya sanya shi yiwu ga mutane su tsira da karfi zamantakewa hali. A mataki neanthropine mutane koya don amfani wuta, gina wucin gadi mahalli, aikata m tufafi. A sakamakon irin canje mutum dogara a kan external yanayi muhimmanci rage. Next, zama cikin manyan zamantakewa dalilai, wanda ana samun fiye da kuma mafi sauri. A ci gaba da mutãne da dokokin zamantakewar rayuwa zama fara wasa da rawar da haddasa na mai shiryarwa. Qualitatively sabon mataki na anthropogenesis - shi ne babban bambanci tsakanin cigaban dan Adam. A nan gaba, wadannan canje-canje sun jagoranci zuwa fitowan da kabilanci - yankin, da ilimin harsuna, tattalin arziki da al'adu ainihi na mutane da cewa ya ci gaba a cikin shakka daga tarihi ci gaba. A mataki - da al'umma - barga al'umma na mutane, wanda ke da sauran ci gaban tattalin arziki, ƙasa, harshe, shafi tunanin mutum halaye, wanda bayyana kansu a cikin al'adu da kuma rayuwar mutane.

Akayi na anthropogenesis mutum - yana da dogon wuya hanya zuwa zama Homo sapiens, da ciwon zamantakewa basira, wani babban mataki ne na Psycho-wani tunanin ayyuka. A halin yanzu, ba duka tambayoyi na anthropogenesis karatu, masu yawa daga cikinsu mai wuyar warwarewa jiran da za a gano.