Nature na Perm yankin. Shuke-shuke da dabbobi na Perm yankin

Perm yankin - ƙasar ban mamaki yanayi, taiga gandun daji, na wasan kwaikwayo duwãtsu, gorges, kogwanni, da sauri suna gudãna koguna da ruwan tekun Atlantika tabkuna. Ga wani ban mamaki bambancin da wuri mai faɗi da kasa, wani babba yawan rare shuke-shuke da dabbobi. Nature na Perm yankin, musamman al'adu na yankin janyo hankalin maziyarta tun lokacin da.

A kadan tarihi

Har farkon na XVIII karni, da yankin, wanda ya hada da sararin ƙasar asalin da Kama ga Ural dutsen iyaka a wajen yamma da kuma gabas, da kuma daga cikin manya kai na da Pechora River a arewa da kogin Chusovaya a arewa da kuma kudu, da ake kira Great Perm.

A farko da suka nuna sha'awa a cikin wannan babban ƙasar, suka Novgorod fatake. A XIV karni sun kasance hammayarsu, wannan gefe aka encroaching Muscovy. Bayan wata babbar soja yakin da Prince Ivan III a 1472 da ta zama ta farko Great Perm Territory a cikin Urals, wanda har abada ya zama wani ɓangare na Rasha jihar. A m ci gaba da Perm yankin da aka alama tare da wannan muhimmin tarihi taron. Akwai girma Rasha ƙauyuka. Assimilation na sabon ƙasashe tsananta muhimmanci ga tsakiyar XVI karni, a lokacin da ajiye 'yan kasuwa da industrialists stroganoff.

A bambancin da albarkatun kasa da kuma yanayi na Perm yankin janyo hankalin sabon natsuwa. Shi ne a yau daya daga Rasha ta most masana'antu yankuna da multifaceted al'adu da halitta mai ban mamaki fasali.

A tsaka-tsaki na Turai da kuma Asiya

A yankin, located a jamsin na biyu sassa na duniya, ta rufe kusan daya cikin biyar na Ural tattalin arziki gundumar. The location of karkararta a cikin Kama tasa, ya ba shi musamman tsarin na tashoshi ta hanyar samun biyar tekuna - White, Baltic, Caspian, Black kuma Azov.

Flora da fauna

A irin "iyaka" wuri na yankin rinjayi samuwar ta Flora da fauna. Animals na Perm yankin ne yafi wakilta hankula Turai jinsunan. Yana gida game da 60 jinsunan dabbobi masu shayarwa, kan 40 jinsunan kifaye, 270 jinsunan tsuntsaye, kazalika da dama jinsunan dabbobi masu rarrafe da halittar dabba mai kafafuwa. Daga yara fi na kowa marten, akwai Foxes, daji Boars, Wolves, wolverines, badgers, stoats. Hadu a nan muz, bears da Lynx.

Isar da wanda bai isa ba, kuma bukatar kare talakawa bushiya, muskrat, mink.

A yankin sun yalwata a cikin tabkuna, da waɗansu kõguna, swamps, overgrown floodplains, gandun daji. A cikin gandun daji na kowa takaddamarsu, capercaillie, chickadees, crossbill, takaddamarsu. Na migratory tsuntsaye samu blackbirds, tsattsewa, starlings.

A Flora ne ma sosai bambancin. Yana dabam dangane da gundumomi na yankin. Mafi na kowa shuke-shuke da Perm yankin - Pine, spruce, larch, fir, da itacen al'ul Pine. Sun samar da dukan sararin taiga, mikawa ga daruruwan kilomita.

A kudancin yankunan hada deciduous da coniferous gandun daji. Ga akwai m-Leaved itatuwa irin su itacen oak, Elm, Elm.

A arewa, da kuma akwai da yawa swampy wurare a tsakiyar yankin. Gangaren da Ural duwãtsu rufe Pine gandun daji. Matsananci arewa maso gabas da yankin - wani dutse kurumniki da matalauta tundra.

A Perm yankin tsiro a kan 130 jinsunan shuke-shuke, waxanda suke karkashin jihar kariya. biyu yanayi reserves da dama yanayi reserves suna located a cikin Kama yankin. Flora da fauna baki ne ba mai yawa da hankali.

The girma adam tasiri a kan yanayi take kaiwa zuwa wani karu a cikin lambobin na da yawa rare dabbobi da kuma shuke-shuke, da fragmentation na alƙaryu kuma har ma da cikakken bacewar da dama jinsunan. Wadannan musamman tsara hukuma jagora a matsayin Red littafin Perm yankin, dauke da bayanin irin san Sanadin su ƙi, la'akari da hadura da kuma yawan matakan mayar alƙarya.

The musamman da suka bambanta daga gefen

Duk da urbanization, Mai girma Perm kuma a yau, akwai numfashin tsufa. Isa ma'ana burbushi na Great Hijira, da al'adunmu na zamanin d gine, ma'adinai da kuma metallurgical wayewa, Legends, yanayi da kuma namun daji, kamar yadda idan da alaka da juna.

Perm yankin yana da babban m ga siffofin daban-daban na yawon shakatawa a ko da kakar. Wannan ya bayar da gudunmawar da yawa da kuma ɓangaren da na yankin. Mutane suna janyo hankalin da dama shimfidar wurare, ban sha'awa tarihi, da kuma, ba shakka, musamman Monuments cewa halitta sosai yanayin da Perm yankin. Photo musamman shimfidar wurare, ban sha'awa da kuma m wurare su gushe ba fascinate ta m kyau.

A cikin ƙasa na yankin dake 325 musamman kare shafukan karkashin musamman kariya. Wannan tarihi da na halitta tsarin, halitta Monuments da sauransu. Daga cikin su akwai yankuna biyu da suke cikin yanayi reserves na tarayya muhimmancin. Wannan "Vishera" da "Basegi".

A mafi muhimmanci da Monuments na yanayin da Perm yankin gabatar a Cherdyn gundumar. A yawa daga gare su, kuma BOLSHSOSNOVKIY, Solikamsk, Chusovoy, Krasnovishersk yankunan.

Halitta Monuments da na halitta yankunan shiyya muhimmancin baki ne zuwa kashi da wadannan iri:

• mai faɗi (kankara White gansakuka Vetlan da Govorlivy dutse, Stone Town)
• Sashen (da Gubakhinsky Orda kogo)
• hydrological (Ermakov spring)
• Botanical da Zoological (Zyukaysky breakage, Veslyansky boron Heath)
• Tarihi da na halitta gidaje (Kungurskaya kogo, Count da Kuva burs).

Dukan su ne a kan jerin kare abubuwa.

dutse gari

Daya daga cikin mafi mashahuri da kuma musamman na halitta Monuments ayyana Stone Town. A sabon abu kyakkyawa da spur da tsoho Ural dutsen fuska, da aka sani da Rudyansky raira waƙa, za a iya gani a kusa da kauyuka da kuma Shumikhinsky Usva. Ridge kama wani elongated kunya kamar 19 km dogon. Daya daga cikin kololuwa ne Stone Town. Wannan sunan da aka bai da yawon bude ido. Domin yan unguwa shi kunkuru. Stone Town ne sau da yawa ma kira Iblis tudun ƙasa.

M dutse outcrops halitta abin tunawa kafa wani layi na farfajiyoyi da kuma tiers a kan tudun a cikin dazuzzuka. Sun haifar da alama na birnin, tare da kunkuntar tituna da kuma m hanyoyin, deadlocks. A cewar daya daga version, suka yanka ta daya daga cikin tsoho kogin. Kuma daya daga cikin mutane da yawa Legends ya ce da zarar shi ne mai ban mamaki birni, wani ban mamaki kyakkyawa wanda zai iya ba kawai ga makafi 'yar sarki. Wata rana wani mugunta sihiri ya miƙa zuwa warkar da gimbiya. Sarki yarda, amma a sosai, lokacin da ta gani koma, birnin ya juya zuwa dutse.

Halitta Monuments na Perm yankin a cikin kusanci da tashar Usva bai iyakance don Stone Town. Har ila yau daraja da ziyartar shahara Usvinskie ginshiƙai da kogwanni Sukhoi Log.

Usvinskie ginshikan

Musamman dutse ginshiƙai, ya miƙa ga dama kilomita kan Usva River, dauke daya daga cikin m yawon shakatawa inda ake nufi a kan dama. Wannan ne mai babbar tsararru na dutse, gina na farar ƙasa. A ranar da ginshiƙai ragowar na zamanin d murjãni da sauran burbushin fili ya nuna cewa, miliyoyin shekaru da suka wuce, akwai teku.

Musamman dutsen tsarin cike da gidajen gona da kogwanni da caverns. Wasu daga cikin su, kamar wakiltar Stolbovoy, a baya aiki a matsayin wani tsari na mutane.

Kamar maganadisu ga yawon bude ido dutse, lakabi da Iblis Thumb. Tsarinta da size ne mai ban mamaki. An tsararru na 70 mita high dutse da aka gudanar a ranar bakin ciki "kafafunsa". Ya alama da za a nuna ta inaccessibility da kuma 'yancin kai. Wannan shi ne daya daga cikin wurare fi so don hawa masu goyon baya.

Orda kogo

A cikin ƙaunar da dutsen Kazakovsky, ambulan Kungur kogin ne mafi tsawo a kasar karkashin ruwa kogo da kuma na biyu mafi tsawo a Eurasia - Orda kõgon. A surface na dutsen, kamar wani tudu, akwai manyan sinkholes, daya daga wanda yake a ƙofar wannan yanki maloprimetny namun daji.

Yana da duniya ta most gypsum kogon. Ya ƙunshi wani abin da ake kira "bushe" (300 m) da kuma karkashin ruwa (4600 m) baya. Its high arches, m zurfin tabkuna, da yawa kogwanni da aka bincika ta speleologists. Orda kogo ne sau da yawa ake magana a kai a matsayin Makka kõgon iri iri.

Kungur kogo

Wannan shi ne daya daga cikin shahararrun Monuments yanayi na yankin, ayi a kan dama banki na Sylva. A m zurfin na Kungur kogo har abada mulki Ural hunturu. Ko da a cikin zafi zafi kwana da shi rike da garin kankara ado na karkashin kasa da kogwanni godiya ga na musamman microclimate. Charming ikon mallakar jama'a da kuma dusar ƙanƙara - sakamakon ganuwa aiki na ruwa, zaunanniya dama shekara dubu. Babbar cavities da Tunnels Ice Mountain juna kirtani farfajiyoyi. A total tsawon dukan Darussan - 5700 mita. Yana yana da 70 da tabkuna da kuma 58 kogwanni. Wasu daga cikin karkashin kasa da bẽnãye daga kogon yana da tsawo na 20 mita da kuma isa diamita na har zuwa mita 100. Mutane da yawa kogwanni aka richly yi wa ado da kankara lu'ulu'u, stalactites da stalagmites. A mafi kyau ado iya fariya Diamond da iyakacin duniya grottos.

A farko shirin ne na musamman da ma'aunan kasa Kabarin da aka sanya a cikin XVIII karni cartographer S. Remezov tare da mazauna yankin, wanda ya kasance na farko da Yanã shiryar da ga m m kasada. Ya ya da nisa daga m, kuma ya akai-akai canza. Yanzu don yawon bude ido sanye take da 1.5 kilomita boye galleries.

Kungur kogo bar mai yawa na taba mantawa da irin abubuwan da a kowane bagire na yanayi. Yana da wani daya daga cikin haske halittun of Nature, halitta kawai kankara da kuma ruwa.

Vetlan-dutse

Nature na Perm yankin kuma Ya halitta na musamman da abin tunawa a matsayin Vetlan dutse, located a kan kogin Vishera. Wannan abu wakiltar aras cliffs tsarin mikawa a tsawon 1750 mita.

A saman Vetlan-dutse ne wani kallo bene, wanda ya buɗe idanun wani musamman panorama na m Vistas. Akwai yawanci yawon bude ido tafiya a kan Vishera.

Vishera ajiye

Reserve, kwance a arewa-maso-gabashin ɓangare na Krasnovishersky gundumar, ya dauki mafi kyau yankin na Arewa Urals. A nan ne girma ganiya na yankin - Tulymsky Kamen (1469.8 m), picturesque dutsen jeri Larch, Isher, da Fut-Tumpen, salla sabis da yawa wasu. Daga su kololuwa da girma ra'ayoyi, da kuma a kan gangara na hunkering dutsen tabkuna da crystal bayyana ruwa. A kan ajiye kwarara dutsen kõguna Kananan kuma Big Capelin, Vishera, Niols River da Shoals da Rapids, kyau waterfalls.

A nan, a cikin ruwan tekun Atlantika kyakkyawa kiyaye gandun daji da kuma yankuna sun shagaltar da kurums, dutse ya rushe, forming wani dutse tekuna da koguna. A dabbobi a nan ne na kowa Sable, Elk, bear, dabbar beaver, marten, dabbar beaver da yawa wasu. The ajiye akwai game da 150 jinsunan mikobionta (lichen), 100 daban-daban gansakuka jinsunan, 500 - jijiyoyin bugun gini shuke-shuke. Su kare lafiya da kuma asusun da aka musamman halitta Red littafin Perm yankin, sadaukar da rare miyagun shuke-shuke, da tsuntsaye da dabbobi kawai Kama. Ta jerin hada whooper swan, peregrine shaho, zinariya mikiya, Merlin, Rock Ptarmigan, mujiya da yawa wasu.

The ajiye ma shi ne na musamman batu na Urals - wani wuri na haduwa da watershed yankunan da uku mai girma kõguna - da Volga, Likitan mata da Pechora.

Basegi

Basegi - wani picturesque dutsen iyaka, tanã fita daga cikin sararin expanses na taiga a kan yammacin kakar na Ural dutsen kewayo. A tsohon zamani daya, a yau shi kunshi uku jinsin kololuwa - Arewa, Kudu da kuma Middle Baseg. Gandun daji a unguwan suna dukar domin ta ruwan tekun Atlantika kyakkyawa. Wannan shi ne wani tunani abu na taiga al'amarin.

Baseg talakawan - tsororuwar da ajiye (994 m). A saman da shi a fili ya furta gangara terrace, an rufe shi da gandun daji da kuma kurums. Block na dutse, slipping a kan su gangara rufe da Multi-kala lichen crustose a matsayin irin wani m juna. A m tsaye kankara, buttes kuma dukan su taru kama daban-daban Figures da dabbobi.

The sunan ajiye aka samu daga Arewa Rasha kalmar "Basques", wanda darajar ne "kyau." A ƙwanƙolin duwatsu zuwa tuddai-tundra bel, a kasa shi ne mai ban mamaki subalpine fadamun. Waɗannan su ne wuraren da mayar da hankali rare dabbobi na Perm yankin, kazalika da rare jinsunan shuke-shuke.

"Kai ne alhakin da ƙasar haihuwarmu ..."

A yanayi na tasbihi a cikin ayyukan da yawa sanannun marubuta wanda ya ziyarci Kama. Al'adu sarari a farkon karni na karshe akwai aka kafa a kusa da kananan ma'aikata ƙauyuka. Talented manajoji da aka kira su zuwa ga zauna a kida, marubuta da sauran masana. Alal misali, akwai wani look na kauye Vsevolodo-Vilva godiya ga shuni da kuma industrialist Savva Morozov. Ga mu zauna da ya rayu a zamani dabam dabam B. L. Pasternak kuma A. P. Chehov.

Ba zan iya taba gefen kyakkyawa da ziyarci Solikamsk da Berezniki "singer yanayi" K. G. Paustovskogo. Sang shi, da kuma marubuta daga cikin Perm yankin. game da yanayi Urals, da tarihi, da al'adu da kuma yawa rubuta P. P. Bazhovym. A cikin ayyukansu kamar yadda idan aiwatuwa rai na wannan mai girma, mai baki image wanda ya wuce ta dukan aikin da marubuci.

Yan hotuna da labarai V. P. Astafeva kamar ta imbued tare da ra'ayin "kai ne alhakin da mahaifarsa, domin a kananan gida na duniya a cikin abin da za ka rayu."

"Great Perm"

Nature na Perm yankin mai ban mamaki. Picturesque kogwanni da kuma sabon abu dutse, jihar bakin teku cliffs, kafa a sakamakon ruwan sama da iska, ruwa gudana ne Monuments halitta da yanayi da kanta.

A kwanan nan amince da yankin aikin "Great Perm" babba girmamawa a kan misali na halitta kyakkyawa da baki a matsayin kasuwanci da katin na yankin. A bambancin da wuri mai faɗi da bayar da gudunmowar da yawa yawon shakatawa, kasada tafiya tare da wajen musamman tarihi-al'adu abun ciki.

Wannan aikin ne Kama guda yawon shakatawa yankin kunshi gungu na "White Mountain", "Usva", "Parma" da "Ashatly". Theme Parks shirya ya ci a cikin guda na duniya hanya, samar da shi a kan manufa na "Golden Zobe".

To wannan shi ne na musamman da damar tantance arziki na halitta, al'adu da tarihi da dabi'u na yankin.