Na game murfin. Iri bindings littattafai. Maida hankali ne akan ga dauri

Ko da yake e-littattafai kowace rana suna ƙara zama rare, gargajiya takarda uwansu ba mika su a matsayinsu. Duk da haka, mafi wallafa fahimci cewa saboda babban kudin buga takarda adabi ne da yawa na baya zuwa lantarki versions. Saboda wannan dalili, bugu da bookbinding dabaru ake kullum ana inganta. Saboda haka, daya daga cikin latest sababbin abubuwa a cikin wannan yanki ya zama wani na game murfin. Mẽne ne, kuma abin da suke da abũbuwan amfãni a kan sauran hanyoyin da zane littattafai? Bari mu gano.

Mene ne littafin dauri

Don fahimtar bambancinsa da na game hanya daga buga kayan saƙa kamata magance abin da aka dauri da kuma abin da yake da shi ga.

Kamar yadda muka sani, da littafin (a halin yanzu form) kunshi mahara shafukan takarda lazimta wa juna. Frames na littafin nauyin, wanda wani lokaci ake magana a kai a matsayin cover, amma ba haka ba quite daidai da wancan. Wannan na'urar ba kawai da hidima ga m da pages, amma kuma ya kare su daga lalacewa, kazalika don sanar da game da abun ciki na ɗaba'ar.

A wasu lokatai kalmar "dauri" koma zuwa kansa da samar da wani cover tsari. Duk da haka, wannan darajar ne mafi daidai yin amfani da wani sunan. Wannan "bookbinding".

A tarihin bookbinding

Ainihin ranar bayyanar al'adar yin amfani da bindings ga littattafan - ba a sani. Masana kimiyya yi imani da cewa wannan ya faru a cikin karni na 2nd BC. e. Duk da haka, shi ya dauki wani ƙarni biyu kammala nauyin, sa shi yi kama da wani zamani.

Da farko, ta babban aiki ya zuwa bond da tsaro shafukan da littafin daga lalacewa. Saboda wannan dalili, inuwõyi ake yi na m m kayan kamar itace ko fata. A daidai wannan lokacin, al'adar Popular littattafai a daraja karafa da kuma duwatsu, yin su tsada sosai, kuma m ga mafi.

Tun da sabuwar dabara na buga da buga samfurin masana'antun nemi hanyoyi don bugun sama da kuma rage kudin da masana'antu tsari na interlacing. A wannan batun, da littafin, ɗaɗɗaure a cikin fata da ƙarni aka fitar daga kwali da kuma nama equivalents. Bayan haka, su daina wani rarity, kuma suka fara rufe ba kawai cika wata m aiki, amma kuma m. Sun fara rubuta bayanai game da take da marubucin na aikin, kazalika da wallafe-wallafe, a kalla - game da mai shi.

An fara daga XVIII karni daga m mutane na duniya da aka rarraba fashion for jawo sama nasu dakunan karatu. A wannan batun, kowane mariƙin na wani "tarin" ɓullo da wani musamman m zane, sau da yawa tare da yin amfani da alama.

Inganci da na marmari ado na littattafai yanzu dogara a kan kudade na mai shi. Alal misali, Pushkin ya ba arziki, don haka da zane na inuwõyi a library ne ƙwarai, suna fadin, amma shi ne m. A daidai wannan lokaci, da yawa gonaki a Rasha Empire wanda ya tattara littattafai kawai saboda fashion, to ajiye a kan ingancin bindings saboda bayyanar.

A XX karni da ci gaban masana'antu duk matakai na bugu samarwa da aka sarrafa kansa, kuma mutum hannu a cikin tsari da aka rage zuwa m. Bugu da ƙari, tare da zuwan m takarda cover littattafai, ɗaɗɗaure a cikin fata ta zama makoma na tarihi. Ko da yake a yau shi ne mai yiwuwa a oda wani zane na alatu edition, hannun da aka yi master. Duk da haka, shi zai kudin, kamar yadda a cikin tsohon kwana, tsada sosai.

Mene ne littafin murfin, da kuma yadda shi ya bambanta daga gutter

murfin ne sau da yawa daidaita da na ginin jumla ma'anar da kalmar "dauri", kuma ko da yake duka biyu sharuddan nufi da matsanancin cover na littafin, tsakanin su akwai bambanci. Mene ne wannan? Bari mu gano.

Cover kira takarda ko paperboard m sutura littattafai, litattafan rubutunku, diary ko wani daftarin aiki. A lokaci guda, da murfin da aka kusan ko da yaushe sanya daga denser iri kwali, rufi takarda, film, kyalle ko sauran kayan.

Fasali wadannan biyu Concepts kuma suka sãɓã wa jũna a tsakãninsu. Saboda haka, a cikin wani murfin endpapers kuma, kamar yadda mai mulkin, tana wakiltar tselnovyrezannuyu daki-daki. Duk da yake gargajiya dauri ga littattafai na iya kunshi dama sassa gam ga sãshe. Gana da guda yanke ta bambance-bambancen - da na game murfin.

Saboda da ruwan dare na wani Littafi bugu, shi ne sau da yawa rikita batun tare da m. Don rarrabe waɗannan littattafai na iya zama ta hanyar da gaban da flyleaf. Idan shi ne - shi ne wani Littafi. Idan flyleaf ba - wannan edition a hardcover.

Abin da aka dauri

Traditional cover ga wani littafin kunshi dama abubuwa. Da farko, yana da wuya a rufe. A gaskiya, shi ne guda a matsayin kwali murfin. Yana da hidima a matsayin babban m murfin domin littafin. Wannan abu da aka samu a biyu siffofin: wani na game da daya-yanki.

Gargajiya na game da murfi sanya kwali guda, pasted zane canza launin kwali ko roba, wani lokaci tare da wucin gadi fata. Ya ƙunshi sassa uku: bangarorin biyu da kuma bayan (kwali tsiri, rufe da bonding littafin shafukan - tushen). A zurfafa daga cikin jam'iyyun da ake kira trailing kalmasa.

A daya-yanki embodiment duk da cewa shi ne daya daki-daki.

Ko da kuwa da tsari, da murfin ne a haɗe zuwa littafin block (shafukan tattara a cikin wani littafin rubutu) ta amfani da endpapers.

A wasu uku bangarorin da littafin, ba a bonded da juna, sawn-kashe shotguns ake kira: gaban, manya da ƙananan.

Bookmark tef, gam da nauyin, da ake kira da Ribbon.

Abin da kayan ana sanya inuwõyi na dauri

Da zarar a samar da littattafai tsaya ta amfani da itace da ƙarni, ya rufe da dauri da aka yi na kwali na daban-daban kauri.

Duk da haka, tun da biyu da rabi na XX karni zama tsanani gasa da kwali shi ne roba. Maida hankali ne akan ga dauri na wannan abu ne mafi abin dogara da kuma ba su ji tsoron danshi. Yau, suka sukan yi amfani da bugu masana'antu. Ba zato ba tsammani, daya daga cikin manyan abũbuwan amfãni daga roba a gaban kwali ne cewa bangon wannan irin na iya ba kawai zama na wani launi, amma m. A daidai wannan lokaci da wannan bidi'a yana da wani gagarumin aibi. Gaskiyar cewa murfin na roba iya kawo lahani ga muhalli, saboda abu da kanta ne ba kaskanta da kuma bukatar a reworked.

A Trend na yin amfani da roba zuwa saƙa littattafai fi damuwa ba almarar ko kyauta bugu, da kuma yi na inuwõyi ga litattafan rubutunku, tsarin sautinsu, litattafan rubutunku, makala, theses da handbooks.

Har ila yau, ya kamata a lura shi ne girma Trend na Manufacturing inuwõyi na Littattafan Rubutu da kuma litattafan rubutunku na silicone.

Hardcover kuma ta subtypes

An yadu da aka sani cewa akwai wasu iri bindings: wuya, taushi da kuma na game. Bugu da kari, kowane daga cikinsu na da subspecies.

Dangane da shafi paperboard substrate ne mai ɗamfarar m cover irin wannan bambance-bambancen karatu daga gare shi.

• 7BTS (cover Littafi) - murfin da aka pasted kan shãfe haske laminated ko lacquered takarda.
• 7T - kwali rufe tare da zane. Yana za a iya shãfe haske, lacquered, fentin ko bi da ta embossing.
• 7B - ta hanyar kama da wannan subspecies aiki 7T. Duk da haka, a cikin wannan yanayin babu murfi da aka Fitted da zane da kuma daban-daban kayan a kan kwatankwacinsa na wucin gadi, ko na halitta fata, bumvinila, balakrona da t. D.

BSC da SHKS

La'akari da abin da iri bindings ne na kowa a yau bugu duniya, ya kamata ka kula da subspecies Littafi. Biyu daga gare su.

• BSC - sumul bonding m. A bambanci ga m m, a cikin wannan embodiment, shafukan suna stitched, gam kawai. Cover sanya na laminated kuma hatimce guda yanke takardar da takarda ko paperboard yawa ba wucewa 300 g / m ^2. A irin wannan hanya ne mafi arha, kuma mafi sauki aiwatar. A wannan yanayin, da littafin da irin wannan murfin zai iya sauri a tsage matsayin BSC ba sosai m.
• SHKS - dinki m bonding. Wannan hanya ne daban-daban daga BSC kawai a littafin cewa block shafukan ba kawai gam, amma kuma sewn. Hard cover aka sanya kamar wancan kamar yadda a cikin BSC. Littattafan da ake yi amfani da SHBK bauta yawa fiye da BSC, amma mafi tsada.

Abin da ake kira dauri Dutch

A cikin 'yan shekarun zama Popular yi amfani da na game murfin. Wani lokaci da aka sani da "Dutch". Yana bayyana kansu da wani tsaka-tsaki tsakanin taushi da kuma wuya.

Its alama ne da cewa tare da wannan zane na wallafe rufe sanya na guda yanke guda na laminated paperboard yawa har zuwa 500 g / m ^2. Saboda wannan hanya na yi aiki fom da kuma lokaci guda yana da kaddarorin m da kuma taushi bindings.

Features hadedde hanyar zana da littafin inuwõyi

To, menene ya musamman Properties Dutch dauri?

Da farko, da samar da karin ran mutum da sauri. Ba kamar m m (ga wanda yi wajibi ne a yi da dama da ake gudanar da yankan da kuma gluing) yi da littafin murfin na game sauki. An yanke daga rai guda yanki na laminated kwali cewa biguetsya a wuraren ninka da kuma ba ya bukatar ƙarin magani. Wannan shi ne kama da Dutch hardcover taushi.

Duk da haka, a bambanci ga shi, da murfin da na game da irin da kuma bada sosai m bayyanar shi ne ba yawa daban-daban daga m. A wannan yanayin yana da sauki (by nauyi) da kuma kasa m, amma duk da haka shi ne mafifici a cikin AMINCI SHKS taushi.

AMINCI, low cost da kuma sauƙi na wannan hanya na murfin zane wallafe a yarda da shi a 'yan shekaru da zama daya daga cikin rare a duniya. A wannan batun, a wasu kasashe akwai wani hadisin a buga makaranta litattafan ba m, kuma a cikin na game murfin. Saboda haka, nauyi na littattafai cewa dalibai ne a cikin fayil, rage muhimmanci, kamar yadda load a kan yaro ta kashin baya.

tashar dauri

Bugu da kari ga uku fi shahara a yau hanyoyin da za a tsara littafin inuwõyi, akwai da dama daga matsakaiciyar dabaru cewa ya bayyana ne kawai a cikin marigayi karni na ashirin - farkon na XXI karni.

Da farko, wannan tashar ɗaurinSa. Pages a cikin wannan hali ba a sewn, ba gam ko perforated. A wani musamman inji suna bonded zuwa murfin kuma yi wa juna via U-dimbin yawa karfe tashar.

Saboda haka, takardar iya daura biyu da m da kuma taushi ko roba murfin.

Books kuma litattafan rubutunku tare da roba da karfe marẽmari

Daga cikin mafi m, kuma mafi arha hanyoyin da za a saƙa littattafai - stitching da wani marmaro. Yana za a iya sanya daga karfe ko roba. A cikin littafin, a cikin wannan hanya, akwai wani da baya - wurin da aka dauka da wani marmaro, wanda aka miƙa ta hanyar da perforations a shafukan. Domin irin wannan sakar bukatar musamman inji, wanda ta haifa ramukan da kuma stitches su.

A wannan hanya, mafi sau da yawa zana har Littattafan kuma Yanã shiryar da.

Stitching ta hanyar daga karfe staples

Idan littafi ne wani karamin girma da kuma size, shi ne lauye da wani al'ada takarda ko kwali cover (ba tare da flyleaf). Matsayin mai mulkin, irin wallafe ana gudanar tare ta hanyar biyu baka, ya yi kama da ofishin. Wannan ne mafi arha, kuma mafi araha hanyar saƙa da littattafai, amma shi ne kawai dace da kananan samar kundin.