Muhalli, sanaki rayayyun kwayoyin halitta a wannan duniya tamu

Bari mu dauki wani mai rumfa yawon shakatawa na mu bambancin rayuwa duniyarmu, sanaki yawa halittu daban-daban, wasu jinsunan wanda akwai kawai a kan miliyan biyu. Kuma da yawa, duk da haka za a gano da kimiyya? Yau za mu yi magana da ku game da, gida rayayyun kwayoyin halitta a wannan duniya tamu, da sunan sarari da kuma yanayi inda suka iya zama. Amma da farko, bari mu ce 'yan kalmomi game da sharuddan amfani da mu.

Mazauninsu na rayayyun kwayoyin halitta

Me ake nufi da mazauninsu? Wannan ne sarari a cikin abin da, a gaskiya, daukan rãyuwar kwayoyin. Kuma idan ta asali ba da alaka da rayuwa na dabba, wannan yana nufin cewa mu yi aiki da su da matattun yanayi (abiotic).

The iri duba

A kimiyya na hudu iri kafofin watsa labarai dace da rayuwa: gona, ruwa, iska-ƙasa. Fourth tsakanin masana kimiyya kansu yarda da cewa rayayyun kwayoyin halitta ba tsari ga halittu, parasites, wanda ake amfani da su da sauran m ayyuka na jiki na dabbobi ko shuke-shuke.

Da muhimmancin da yanayi

1. The jiki samun daga abinci yanayi. A musamman yanayi, bi da bi, na iya iyakance waste daga mutum halittun ko'ina cikin sarari sanaki rayayyun kwayoyin halitta a wannan duniya tamu. Alal misali, saboda da tsananin frosts a cikin Arctic Circle iya rayuwa ne kawai 'yan jinsin. A yankin sahara, inda mafi girma zai yiwu zazzabi, tsira da sauran, kuma domin da yawa wannan mazauninsu na rayayyun kwayoyin halitta ne da wani irin shãmaki, wata matsala da ba za a iya shawo kan.
2. Laraba, sanaki rayayyun kwayoyin halitta a wannan duniya tamu, ba kawai tabbatar da wanzuwar kuma karbuwa. Ana rinjayar da wadannan kwayoyin, haddasa su da halittu farfadowa, canza su. Kuma a sakamakon rayuwa da fittest kuma mafi barga form.
3. Rayuwa da kuma aiki na dabba, bi da bi, kuma suna da wani fairly karfi sakamako a kan takamaiman yanayi, wani lokacin ma yi muhalli ayyuka. Saboda haka, misali, da shuke-shuke ayan saki oxygen cikin yanayi da cewa kula da so balance. Amma da yawa shuke-shuke tozartar da ayyukan haifar da ƙasa tsarin, akwai wani musamman microclimate moriya ga ci gaban sauran kwayoyin, kamar fungi ko kwayoyin. Tun Laraba, sanaki rayayyun kwayoyin halitta a duniya, a gaskiya a mutunta mutane da yawa dimbin yawa da wadannan kwayoyin.

ruwa

Wannan shi ne mafi tsoho na san halin wurare. A cewar kimiyya data, rayuwa a duniya sun samo asali a cikin ruwan teku abin da yake rufe a cikin wadanda zamanin da dukan duniya. Kuma riga sa'an nan shi watsu cikin ƙasa tsarin. Amma ba dukan gawawwakin ruwa dace da rayuwa ba. Saboda haka, misali, a mafi zurfin na Black Sea (kasa mita 200) akwai wani babban abun ciki na hydrogen sulfide, saboda haka akwai rayuwa kusan ba zai yiwu. Kuma da yawa a cikin jihar bakin teku ruwan tekuna da kuma teku, a kan akasin wannan, da bambancin yana da ban mamaki. Ruwa, gida rayayyun kwayoyin halitta a wannan duniya tamu - yanayi ne sosai m. A yawa na kifi, Shellfish, algae fi son su rayu a can. Daga cikin mazaunan cikin ruwa yanayi, akwai waɗanda suka yi numfashi iska, shi wajibi ne lokaci-lokaci fita daga zurfin teku: Whales da dabbobin ruwa, misali.

Ground-iska

Yana gida yawancin dabbobi masu shayarwa (ciki har da mutum), da tsuntsaye, mafi girma shuke-shuke. Kuma da yawa kwari shi ne halin da hade da kafofin watsa labarai: fitowan a cikin ƙasa, kuma a cikin ci gaba zama na kasa-iska. Wannan ke halittar dabba mai kafafuwa a cikin suna wannan hade aka kyan gani.

ƙasa

A kasar gona akwai danshi da kuma gina jiki. Saboda haka da yawa kwayoyin fi son shi a matsayin m mazauninsu. Wadannan sun hada da yawa iri jikin kwayoyin cutar da fungi, kwari (rai sake zagayowar wanda kuma ya fara a cikin ƙasa yanayi), da wasu dabbobi masu shayarwa, arachnids, tsutsotsi. Saboda haka, a daya square santimita na baki duniya za ta karbi bakuncin miliyoyin halittu masu rai - kwayoyin da suke da ganuwa zuwa ido tsirara.

Fourth yanayi - rayayyun kwayoyin halitta

Wasu kwayoyin ne m mazauninsu ga kananan kwayoyin halitta (kwayoyin da wannan, misali). Alal misali, a cikin ciki na wata sãniya game da na uku daga cikin nauyi yana daukan wani biomass kunshi microorganisms cewa taimake narkewa. Amma a cikin waɗannan mutãne akwai parasites da cewa samar da pathogenic microflora, wanda a wasu "master" maida hankali zai iya zama rashin lafiya, har ma da mutuwa.

Bayani gabatar a cikin labarin za a iya amfani da wani darasi a kan jigo "Ina gida rayayyun kwayoyin halitta a wannan duniya tamu?" (Grade 5).