Mene ne tushe ga wanka ne mafi kyau ga zabi shigarwa siffofin

Abin da nufin tsarin, m tushe ko da yaushe kayyade ta karko. Daidai a gane abin da kafuwar karkashin wanka ne mafi alhẽri - shi ne ba aiki mai sauki ga duk wani gini. Musamman mai yawa matsala haihuwa hadaddun gona (peat ko heaving).

Abin da dalilai tasiri bisa zabi na kafuwar?

Har yanzu a kan aiwatar da zayyana baho da farko shi na samar da wani haƙiƙa kima da wadannan abubuwan da barnatar da zai iya shafar ingancin kafuwar, idan ba daidai ba ne to zabi.

1. A zurfin misãlin ƙasa. Ya dogara da yankin da kuma sananne ga dukan. ƙasa kumburi auku a cikin lokacin hunturu, sa'ad da ƙasa ruwa peremerzat fara. Wadannan alamu za a iya gani heaving ta hanyar fasa a gaban daɓen dake kusa ko a cikin ƙasa mounds.
2. Halaye na ƙasa suna kullum da aka sani, idan akwai aka gina gidaje da kuma za ka iya tambaye magina. Idan ya bad, yanke saman yadudduka, har akwai m yadudduka. Dogara wajen na distending wani sako kasa zuwa daskarewa matakin da gado na tsakuwa da yashi. A karshen da aka yi amfani da a kowane lokaci kamar yadda yana taimaka equalize da load. Underestimating heaving iya kai wa ga wani motsi a cikin kafuwar. Ko da kananan nakasawa take kaiwa zuwa bayyanar fasa a kan garun, da gangara kuma biya diyya takware. Ga al'ada ƙasa zurfin isa Alamomi 0.5 m.
3. A matakin na ruwan karkashin kasa. The ruwa yana a yankunan da sakamako a kan kankare, shi wajibi ne don tsayar da ko shigar da magudanun ruwa gininsa a kan stilts.

Kafuwar karkashin wanka da hannunsa: wanda daya ne mafi alhẽri

Don yin da hakkin zabi wani dalilin da wanka, shi wajibi ne don samun matsahi na saba da peculiarities na kowane irin.

1. Gaza tushe

A lokacin da zabar wani tushe a karkashin wanka ne mafi kyau, mafi tsaya a nan a kan wannan tsari. Wannan na bukatar low halin kaka, da kuma iya duka da za a yi da hannunsa. Uniform kaya da sauki zane don ƙirƙirar wani abin dogara akai domin gina kananan gine-gine.

Domin nauyi ganuwar sanya daga zurfin tushe karkashin wanka. Wanne ne mafi alhẽri, idan gidan da aka yi da itace? Ga shi ne mafi kusantar melkozaglublenny (50 cm) ga kananan lodi.

Kafuwar ne m da kuma taron. Tsohon aka fĩfĩta saboda shi ba ya bukatar ƙarin kayan aiki zuwa gare shi, da kuma monolithic yi yana da babban AMINCI. Domin baho samuwa mai fadi da kewayon kayan:

• kankare.
• kwalabe.
• juji kankare.
• tubali.

Team goyon bayan da aka aza a kan siminti block. Domin kafuwar wanka kwat da wando kwanciya daga corpulent ja bulo.

2. ginshiƙin gada tushe

Idan na farko wuri ne da tattalin arziki da sauri da gine, da sandunan suna located a kan tambaya ta farko a cikin shirin na abin da wani tushe a karkashin wanka ne mafi alhẽri. Wannan wani zaɓi ne kuma yadu used domin samar da kari ga gidan da kuma gina gidajen gona aka yi da itace da kuma kumfa. Shi ne mafi kyau dace da matsalar gona.

Tara saukar zuwa zurfin aukuwa zaunanniya gona. Su ne mafi tsada da sandunan, amma yi na manufa ne irin wannan. Don yin wannan, ya yi da kafa kayan aiki da kuma sanya kankare.

Top aka sanya na karfafa kankare katakon ninkaya tushe, amma ga hur yi iya samar da shi daga katako. Don da kumburi daga cikin manya yadudduka na kasar gona ba zai shafi gini, da rata ne wanda Ya halitta sama da ƙasa. Ya kamata ka kuma samar domin kariya na itace daga danshi.

3. slab tushe

Karfafa monolithic slab daidai aligns tare da m kaya hijirar na gona. Yana ba deform da sosai kafuwar ginin. Kasa leveling Layer aka halittã shi daga wani yashi cika. Domin baho an wuya amfani domin shi an tsara don nauyi, kuma shi ne mafi tsada da kayan amfani.

4. Base a dunƙule tara

Kwanan samun shahararsa dunƙule tara shigar a cikin wani gajeren lokaci. Ba su bukatar pre-jiyya yankin da kuma hakowa daga rijiyoyin, wanda rage abu da kuma aiki halin kaka. Amma a lokaci guda, dole ka ciyar a kan sayan da shigarwa na tara tare da wani musamman m. Manual kafuwa ne ma zai yiwu, idan suna da mai kyau shigarwa a cikin ƙasa. A general, dunƙule tara ne mai kyau kasafin kudin zaɓi don yi na wanka. Girkawar daukan kawai 1-3 kwana, a lokacin da za ka iya nan da nan fara ginin.

Abin da mafi alhẽri a yi wani tushe a karkashin wanka. A yi na tushe

Domin kowane irin bukatar da kansa kafuwar yi fasaha.

1. shirya sashe a karkashin gini

A mãkirci domin gina shirya, a duk lokuta, sai dai da dunƙule tushe, inda rami ba a yi. Black gona cire to 15 cm, tushe ne baje da kuma sanya markings.

2. hawa tsiri tushe

Lokacin da yi m overstates da farashin for yi aiki, abokin ciniki fara tunani game da abin da shi ne mafi kyau ga yin kafuwar ga wanka da hannunsa. Band monolithic tushe ne dace godiya ga saukin yi haka.

1. Trenching. Su girma dogara ne a kan ƙasa da yanayi da kuma lodi.
2. Shiri na da tushe. Samar da wani matashi na yashi. Layer kauri for melkozaglublennogo tushe ne 300 mm.
3. Girkawar shuttering tsawo na 50 cm. Yana da muhimmanci a yi ko da na sama a kwance matakin, saboda haka cewa daga baya da shi ya fi sauƙi ga sa fitar da katangu.
4. Kwanciya kananan kankare Layer a kan kasa da shigarwa na lathing armature. Ciko girma na duk formwork.
5. Waterproofing ginshiki surface. A mafi sauki hanyar sa shi a kan saman biyu yadudduka na yin rufi abu.

3. Installation na ginshiƙin gada tushe

Don ba tunani game da abin da mafi kyau tushe don wanka, kuma yadda za a yi, za ka iya kawai zauna a kan wani zaɓi da ginshiƙai kamar yadda ya fi shahara da kuma sauki.

Columnar tushe ne yake aikata kamar haka.

1. Ana kirga yawan zura sandunan (ga wani talakawan wanka -. A kalla 8 raka'a dabam ga ciki ganuwar).
2. Hakowa rijiyoyin zuwa zurfin akalla 1 m.
3. Production na matashi yashi 250 mm.
4. Sakawa da ginshiƙai bulo, juji ko Jefo kankare.
5. Dubawa a kwance matakin kusa da kafuwar.

4. Hawa dunƙule tushe

Don samun tushe karkashin wanka, wanda shi ne mafi alhẽri dace da matsalar gona, duk nan da nan tuna game da dunƙule tara. Tare da yin amfani da erecting tsarin, ko a cikin swamps. Bayan screwing a cikin ƙasa su iya kawai gina gini kamar haka.

1. A zabi na dunƙule tara. Su tsawon dole ne mafi girma daga zurfin daskarewa, amma ba kasa da 1.5 m.
2. Tara wanda tsawon bai wuce 2.5 m, yana yiwuwa a dunƙule da hannu. Tare da wannan rike 2 mutane, da kuma na uku shi ne don tabbatar da cewa babu wani misalignment.
3. Bayan duk goyon bayan an ci da gumi a cikin ƙasa, rangefinder tabbatar kwance matakin.
4. Ciki da karfe tara da aka cika da kankare ginshiƙai bayani.
5. Lokacin da kankare taurare, da tara da za a welded karshen ganuwar da kuma a kwance grillage na tashar haxe da tushe a wani monolithic tsarin da uniform kaya rarraba.

5. Production grillage for columnar tushe da dunƙule

Yin yanke shawara game da abin da yake mafi kyau tushe don wanka zuwa zabi, kada ka manta da katakon ninkaya tushe, shi ne wani muhimmin kashi. Ya aka kuma zabi dangane da halaye na tsarin, da kuma halin kaka basira.

Karfafa kankare katakon ninkaya tushe ne mafi abin dogara da kuma riba ginin tushe. Domin ta shigarwa ake bukata kayan:

• kayan aiki;
• waya don dauri.
• kankare turmi.
• panel siffofin.

A kan sa na tari knitted karfe raga ƙarfafa a increments na 15-30 cm kewayen kewaye na yi. An kulla da jinginar gida saka a cikin ya fadi na sukar tara a saman ramin, idan sun kasance helical. Har ila yau, ya kasancẽwa aka saka a cikin wani iyakacin duniya, da kuma daura da a tsaye bulala. Tare da kankare tara ligation yi tare da wata doguwar bulala a kan armature iyakar.

Formwork ne gaba daya shigar da masu hada kai da saman baki. Next, da kankare zuba: na farko a cikin shafi, sa'an nan - a cikin formwork. A iyakar da tara suna located ciki da monolith.

Grillage na katako da aka sau da yawa amfani katako gine-gine. A kayan bushe preliminarily zaba kusurwa abubuwa da kuma yin cuts domin shiga kulle. Sa'an nan aka fayyace sasanninta na gaba katakon ninkaya tushe da kuma fara cin gajiyar tare da daya daga cikin su. Bruce shiga baka ko sasanninta, kuma zuwa ga tari shugabannin - da kusoshi.

Grillage na tashar da aka yi wa dutse, gidãjensu ne, kamar yadda withstands da load. Yana da kyau a-welded zuwa karshen ganuwar dunƙule tara.

A 'yan dubaru

Lokacin gina tushe karkashin wanka, masana shawara wajibi ne domin ya kauce wa kuskure.

1. Kafuwar ga makera a cikin wanka ne raba daga main, to su nakasawa ba da tasiri juna.
2. Domin hadaddun ƙasa mafi dace dunƙule tara.
3. A Layer na matashi a karkashin kafuwar aka ware daga geotextile silting.
4. Bath sanye take da wani famfo na najasa tarin a cikin tankin ba tare da wata kasa, tare da yiwuwar barin ƙasa.

ƙarshe

Kafuwar ga wanka ne, ba wuya a karba saboda da manyan dama kayayyaki. Amma babu wani tsari guda amsar wannan tambaya game da abin da irin harsashin karkashin wanka ne mafi alhẽri. Zaɓi na dace da irin tsare tsarin fasali, Properties da yiwuwa na ƙasa mai gini.