Mene ne biosphere kuma game da shi ya wanzu?

Wannan mas'ala ta "biosphere" da aka buga tun da daɗewa. Da farko an yi amfani da ambata sunayen hypothetically m kwayoyin kwayoyin wanda su ne tushen live. In ba haka ba manufar wani rai harsashi na Duniya ya bada Austria a fanning binciken kasa Eduard Suess a 1875. Ya ke a cikin littafinsa "The Origin of Alps" ya amsa wannan tambaya na abin da biosphere. A nasa ra'ayin, shi ne mai zaman kanta harsashi na Duniya, wanda aka halitta da rayayyun kwayoyin halitta. Wannan definition yana goyan bayan da masana kimiyya da dama - kamar Sahaban E. Suess da kuma namu.

Daga baya a 1926, V. I. Vernadsky complements da ra'ayi. Mene ne cikin biosphere bisa ga koyarwar VI Vernadsky? A masanin kimiyya a cikin littafinsa ya ce da mai rai fata na Duniya sa up ba kawai jiki, amma kuma su muhalli., T. E. Yana complements da definition E. Suess biogeochemical bangaren. Duk da haka, ba duka masana kimiyya goyi bayan ra'ayi VI Vernadsky. Saboda haka, a lokacin akwai biyu daidai definition "biosphere": da Suess (kunkuntar fahimtar) da kuma Vernadsky (m fahimtar).

Bisa ga koyarwar Vernadsky, Rayayye harsashi ne da goyan bayan makamashin hasken rana da kuma na da iyaka. biosphere iyaka zai zo daidai da iyakoki na rayuwa a duniya. Saboda haka, na sama da iyaka ne a tsawon 15-20 km (dukan troposphere da ƙananan stratosphere). m m teku, da kuma teku Mahara zurfin fiye da kima da 10 km da subsoil duniya zuwa zurfin 3 km. Results zhiznideyatelnosti kwayoyin da ake gani a cikin nau'i na sedimentary kankara da kuma a wata mafi girma zurfin. Sauran ɓangare na harsashi na Duniya, inda babu wani rai, kazalika da m sarari ne ga live harsashi na duniya tamu ta muhalli.

To, abin da yake cikin Muciya a cikin zamani ji, kuma da abin da ke nufin ba shi wanzu? Bisa ga koyarwar E. Suess da Vernadsky, ba cikin 'yan binciken, zamu iya cewa "Rayuwa Ball" - sigar bude thermodynamic yanayi na Duniya, "aiki" wanda aka za'ayi da hulda na rayuwa (biotic) da kuma maras rai (abiotic) aka gyara. A tsarin wannan bangaren ya hada duk na kwayoyin da su saurã, na cikin iska, ruwa da kuma m duniya ta harsashi, wanda ake lugar da kwayoyin da kuma canji a ƙarƙashin rinjayar su aiki.

Domin ya kula da aiki na wannan harsashi na Duniya ya kamata da wasu Properties cewa taimake shi to babu shi.

Babban kaddarorin da biosphere:

1. A tsakiyar ɓangare na - rai al'amari.
2. Gaskiya: shi yana bukatar makamashi da cewa ya zo daga waje - makamashin hasken rana.
3. Kai-tsari (homeostasis): shi ne iya dawo da asali jihar, ta amfani da wasu inji. Alal misali, yawan gona kwayoyin da revegetation bayan wani volcanic shigowa. Duk da haka, wannan ba ko da yaushe da dukiya na iya aiki ba saboda adam baki a yanayi (halittar agrocenoses, t. E. The wucin gadi kunsa da cewa rasa ikon mai da a kan nasu).
4. A babban bambancin da jinsin, wadda tabbatar da kwanciyar hankali.
5. Tseren keke na al'amarin.

Summing up da kuma amsa tambaya, abin da yake cikin Muciya, zamu iya cewa wannan shi ne na musamman, live harsashi na Duniya, a duniya al'ummar yanayin kasa cewa yana da iyaka, da kuma wasu Properties cewa taimake shi to babu shi.