Marubuci Boris Zaitsev: biography, kerawa

Boris Zaitsev - sanannen Rasha marubuci kuma publicist farkon XX karni, ya ƙare da ransa a gudun hijira. Yadu da aka sani ga ayyukansu a kan Kirista jigogi. Musamman ma sukar lura, "A Life of Sergiya Radonezhskogo", inda marubucin ya gabatar da ra'ayi a kan rayuwa na saint.

Boris Zaitsev biography

Haifa a cikin wani daraja iyali marubuci 29 Janairu (Fabrairu 10), 1881 a birnin Orel. Uba sau da yawa ya ɗauki kadan Boris aiki tare da shi a kan dutse shuke-shuke. Duk da haka, mafi yawan yara a kan iyali Estate kusa Kaluga, Zaitsev daga baya aka bayyana a wannan lokaci kamar yadda idyllic halitta kallo da kuma sadarwa da iyali. Duk da alheri da na iyalinsa, Zaitsev kuma ga wani rai - sun lalace nobility, m tasowa factory samar, hankali emptying kadarori yashe baƙauye filayen, lardin Kaluga. Duk wannan za a nuna daga baya a cikin aikinsa, da nuna nawa wannan halin da ake ciki ya shafa da hali na nan gaba marubuci.

11 years old Zaitsev aka homeschooled, sa'an nan ya aka aika zuwa Kaluga real makaranta, wanda ya sauke karatu daga cikin 1898. A wannan shekara ya shiga Moscow Cibiyar Harkokin Fasaha. Duk da haka, tuni a 1899, Zaitsev aka cire daga makaranta a matsayin memba na dalibi tashin hankali.

Amma riga a 1902, Boris K. zo a Faculty of Law, wanda, duk da haka, ba su iyakar. Wannan shi ne saboda gaskiyar cewa marubuci bar for Italiya, inda yake dauke da tsufa da kuma art.

A farkon kerawa

Zaitsev Boris Konstantinovich fara rubuta a shekaru 17. Riga aka buga a 1901 a cikin mujallar "Courier" labarin "a cikin hanya." Daga shekara ta 1904 har zuwa 1906 ya yi aiki a "Pravda" wakilinmu. da labarinsa, "Dream" da kuma "The hazo" da aka buga a cikin wannan mujallar. Bugu da kari, da "New Way" mujallar buga sufi da labarin "Silent lõkutan asuba".

A farko tarin na marubuci ta gajejjeran labaru da aka buga a 1903. Ya aka kishin bayanin irin rayuwa na aristocratic kawo dukkan, an mired a wani wuri mai nĩsa, da lalata manors, da devastation na filayen, hallakaswa da kuma m birnin rayuwa.

Riga a farkon ya aiki, Zaitsev yi sa'a isa ya sadu da irin wannan mashahuri marubuta kamar A. P. Chehov da LN Andreev. Tare da Anton Pavlovich rabo kawo da marubuci a Yalta a 1900, da kuma wani shekara daga baya ya zama Mai ƙididdigewa Andreev. Dukansu marubuta da wani babban taimako a cikin farkon wallafe-wallafen aiki Zaitsev.

A wannan lokaci, Boris K. zaune a cikin Moscow, shi ne da wallafe-wallafen da m da'irar, wallafa mujallar "Dawn", wani memba na Society of Lovers of Rasha wallafe-wallafe.

Yi tafiya zuwa Italiya

A shekara ta 1904, Boris Zaitsev karo na farko aika zuwa mai tafiya zuwa Italiya. Wannan kasa mai karfi sha'awar da marubuci, kuma daga baya ya ko da ya kira shi su ruhaniya gida. A yawa lokaci ya ciyar a pre-yaki shekaru. Mutane da yawa Italian kwarewa kafa dalilin ayyukan Zaitseva. Saboda haka an buga shi a 1922 da tarin kira "Raphael", wanda ya hada da jerin makala da kuma kwaikwayo na Italiya.

A 1912, Zaitsev aure. Ba da da ewa yana da 'yarsa, Natalia.

A yakin duniya na farko

A lokacin yakin duniya na farko, Boris Zaitsev sauke karatu daga horo a cikin Alexander Soja School. Kuma da zarar ya ƙare Fabrairu juyin juya halin, ya aka sanya wani jami'in. Duk da haka, da gaban saboda ciwon huhu da ya ba samu. Kuma ya rayu wartime Pritikin Estate tare da matarsa da kuma 'yar.

Bayan da yaki, Zaitsev tare da iyalinsa ya koma Moscow, inda yake nan da nan nada shugaban Rasha Union of Writers. Har ila yau, wani lokaci sai ya yi aiki a wani m shagon marubuta.

ƙaura

A 1922, Zaitsev lafiya tare da typhus. Da cutar ta tsananta, kuma ga speedy dawo ya yanke shawarar da ya je kasashen waje. Ya samun takardar visa da kuma aika farko zuwa Berlin sa'an nan zuwa Italiya.

Boris Zaitsev - marubuci-hijira. Shi ne daga wannan lokaci ya fara da waje mataki a cikin aikinsa. A wannan lokaci da ya riga ya ji karfi da tasiri na ra'ayoyinsu na falsafa na Berdyaev da Solovyov. Wannan cika fuska canza m shugabanci na marubuci. Idan baya aiki Zaitseva bi pantheism da kafirci, amma yanzu sun zama a fili gano Kirista fuskantarwa. Alal misali, labarin "The Gold juna", a tarin "Revival", makala a kan rayuwar tsarkaka "Athos" da "Bal'amu" da sauransu.

Yakin duniya na II

A farkon yakin duniya na II, Boris Zaitsev magana da tsarin sautinsu da kuma fara buga su. Alal misali, a cikin "Renaissance" jarida buga da jerin "Days". Duk da haka, tuni a 1940, a lokacin da Jamus sun shagaltar da Faransa, duk wallafe Zaitseva kare. Ga Sauran yaki, game da marubuci ta ayyukansu a jaridu da mujallu bai ce wani abu. Boris K. kansa zauna a siyasa da yaki. Da zarar Jamus aka ci, da ya koma guda addini da kuma falsafa batutuwa, da kuma wallafa labari "Sarki Dawuda kuwa ya" a shekarar 1945.

A karshe shekaru na rayuwa da mutuwa

"Rasha Tunani" a shekarar 1947 Zaytsev Boris Konstantinovich fara aiki a Paris jarida. A wannan shekarar ya zama shugaban PDP na Union of Rasha marubuta a Faransa. Wannan matsayi wanzuwa shi har karshe kwanakin ransa. Irin wannan taron sun kowa a kasashen Turai, inda Rasha masana suka yi hijira, bayan da Fabrairu juyin juya halin.

A shekarar 1959, ta fara wani rubutu tare da Boris Pasternak, yayin da aiki tare da Munich Almanac "Bridges".

A shekarar 1964 ya buga na gajeren labarin "The River na Lokaci" Boris Zaitsev. Wannan shi ne na karshe da aka buga aiki na marubuci, crowning ya aiki. Daga baya shi za ta buga marubucin gajejjeran labaru, na da wannan sunan.

Duk da haka, rayuwa Zaitsev bai daina akwai. A shekarar 1957, matarsa shan wahala mai tsanani bugun jini, da marubuci ne rabuwa da ita.

marubuci kansa ya mutu yana da shekaru 91 a Paris 21 ga watan Janairu, 1972-th. Jikinsa da aka binne shi a makabarta na Saint-Genebiebe-des-Bois, inda karya da yawa Rasha baƙi wanda ya koma Faransa.

Boris Zaitsev: Littafi

Zaitseva kerawa za a iya raba biyu manyan bulan: doemigrantsky da posleemigrantsky. Wannan shi ne saboda ba su da cewa canza wurin zama na marubuci, kuma da cewa halin canza ma'ana shugabanci na ayyukansa. Idan a farkon lokaci na marubuci Labarai mafi to arna da kuma pantheistic filaye, ya bayyana duhu juyin juya halin daukan kama mutane ta rãyuka, a karo na biyu lokaci, ya sadaukar da dukan hankali ga Kirista jigogi.

Ka lura da cewa mafi kyau a san ne ayyukan da suka shafi da shi zuwa ga mataki na biyu halittar Zaitsev. Bugu da ƙari kuma, shi ne a hijira ya zama mafi hayayyafa a cikin rãyuwar marubucin. Saboda haka, a tsawon shekaru 30 da wasu littattafai da kuma kimanin 800 ayyukansu sun bayyana a kan shafukan da mujallu da aka buga.

Wannan shi ne yafi saboda gaskiyar cewa Zaitsev mayar da hankali duk da kuzari ga wallafe-wallafen aiki. Bayan rubutu ayyukansa, ya tsunduma a aikin jarida da kuma fassara. Har ila yau a cikin 50-ies na marubuci ya memba na hukumar a kan fassarar Sabon Alkawari cikin Rasha.

A shahara trilogy "Journey Gleb." Wannan autobiographical aiki a cikin abin da marubuci ya bayyana da yara da kuma samartaka mutum wanda aka haifa a wani muhimmanci lokaci domin Rasha. Ya ƙare rayuwa a 1930, lokacin da gwarzo ne sane da ta dangane da tsarki shahidi Gleb.

"St. Sergiy Radonezhsky"

Jawabi ga Zaune na Saints Boris Zaitsev. Sergy Radonezhsky wani gwarzo a gare shi, da misali daga wanda ya nuna hira da wani mutum talakawa a saint. Zaitsev gudanar ya halicci mafi m, kuma m image na saint fiye da bayyana shi a rayuwar wasu, ta haka ne yin bayarda Sergius talakawa masu karatu.

Za mu iya cewa a cikin wannan aiki embodies da addini nema daga marubucin. Zaitsev kansa gane domin kaina, ta yaya mutum zai iya ta sauka a hankali canji na ruhaniya da samun tsarkake. A marubuci da kansa, kamar ya gwarzo, tafiya 'yan matakai wajen ganin na gaskiya tsarki, da dukan matakai da ake nuna a cikin aikin.