Louis-Nicolas Davout. The kawai Marshal na Napoleon, wanda ya ba rasa guda yaƙi

Lui Nikola Davu - daya daga cikin mafi kyau generals na Napoleonic Wars. Shi ne kawai Marshal na Napoleon, bai rasa guda yaƙi. Bari mu dauki wani kusa look at cikin biography da kuma nasarorin da wannan sanannen kwamandan soja.

Shimfiɗar jariri, da kuma Ilimi

A nan gaba janar aka haife shi a Burgundy, May 10, 1770 cikin wani daraja iyali. Lui Nikola aka tashi a cikin wani soja makaranta ƙungiya Brienne-le-Château. Yana da muhimmanci a lura da cewa shekara da ta shiga wannan makaranta ya sauke karatu daga Napoleon Bonaparte. Da yake gaskiya ga iyali hadisin, a 1788 Davoust ya fara sabis a cikin sojan doki rajimanti, wanda a baya aiki a matsayin ubansa da kakan.

Faransa juyin juya halin

A lokacin da Faransa juyin juya halin, za a fara soja, ba tare da tunanin sau biyu, na yanke shawarar kare matsayin na neman sauyi mutane. Tun bayan da sojoji suka gudu ko aza kashe da yawa magoya bayan na Bourbons, kuma ya bayyana a manyan yawan wõfintattu posts. Sun dauki matasa jami'an, da kuma a wasu lokuta, har ma da talakawa da sojoji tare da jagorancin gabbai. Louis-Nicolas Davout ya daya daga masu yawa da jami'an da ake bin su Yunƙurin juyin juya halin da kuma nasara a kan Bourbons. Daga 1794 zuwa 1797 Davoust a cikin sahu na Birgediya Janar ya yi yaƙi a cikin sahu na Army na Rhine. Duk da haka, da ba hawan Olympus wani kwamandan Fame Davoust fara karkashin tutar Bonaparte.

Masar balaguro

A lokacin daga 1798 zuwa 1801 tare da daraja na Manjo Janar Davoust halarci Napoleon ta Masar balaguro. Ya karbi umurnin Faransa sojojin doki. A yakin Aboukir, wanda ya faru a kan Yuni 25, 1799, wani matashi yaki musamman rarrabe. A wannan rana, 7000th A Faransa sojojin ci 15 dubbai Turkish sojojin da sunan Mustafa Pasha. Kashi biyu cikin uku na sojojin abokan fadi a fagen yaƙi, da kuma sauran, tare da Mustafa Pasha, mãsu sallamãwa ne. A kananan ajiye kungiyar soja, wanda kwamandan ya Lui Davu, sanya wani babban taimako ga wannan nasara. Wasu masu tarihi sun karkata zuwa yi imani da cewa a cikin wannan yaƙin, Bonaparte dauke da wani gwarzo na tattaunawan mu, m da m kwamandan.

Duk da cewa kasar Masar balaguro aka lashe tare da cikakken gazawar ga Faransa, shi ya bude wani sabon yawa sunayen, wanda a nan gaba da kuma gudanar da soja daukakar Napoleon. Janar Lui Davu a lokacin wannan yakin da aka a kusa Bonaparte Tawagar ta, wanda amincewa koma zuwa saman gwamnati.

da daraja na marshal

Nan da nan bayan da Masar balaguro Dawa nasarar jagoranci sojojin doki na Italian sojojin Bonaparte, wanda ya yi yaƙi da Austrians. A 1804, da gwarzo na Masar balaguro da Sarkin sarakuna na Italian kamfanin aka bayar da daraja na Marshal na Faransa da kuma Napoleon ta shawara matsayi.

A farko nasarorin a umurnin da kungiyar soja

A lokacin daga 1805 zuwa 1814 karkashin jagorancin Marshal Davoust Corps. A 1805, tawagar sun nuna kansu da kyau a Ulm, inda sarki sojojin ci Austria sojojin. Baron von Mack Layberih - Cif na Austrians, tare da wani 30-dubu sojojin da aka tilasta su mika wuya ga makiya, wanda ya sa aka yanke masa hukuncin shekaru 20 a kurkuku ta hanyar soja shari'a.

9 ga watan Oktoba, 1805 da zabe Davoust nasarar haye Danube, na shawagi a Gunzburg kuma tsallaka cikin yankin. Austrians wanda ya kare da Danube birni, ya koma baya bayan yaki mai tsanani.

Marshal Davout ya daya daga cikin aiki mahalarta a cikin hari a kan sojojin Bonaparte Vienna. A Nuwamba 8, da shugaban jikinsa kusa da garin Mariazell, ya lashe yaƙi da Austria kungiyar soja, jagorancin Janar von Meerfeldom. A wannan yaki ne, Faransa gudanar ya dauki 4000 fursunoni. A nasara shi ne fassara taron a Vienna ta rabo.

Battle of Austerlitz

Disamba 2, 1805 at Austerlitz yaƙi ya faru, suka tafi a tarihi a matsayin "Battle of Three sarakuna". A wannan rana, sojojin Faransa ya lashe wata nasara a kan kawance Rasha-Austria sojojin. Austerlitz nasara ãƙibar ga anti-Faransa hadaka, kuma domin da Ruhu Mai Roman Empire. Franz II - karshe sarki na Roman Empire, kammala tare da Napoleon zaman lafiya ne kawai a Roma wato Francis na farko. A tarihi auka na da zarar mai girma daular taka muhimmiyar rawa, kuma Faransa kwamandan Davoust.

A yen-Auershtedtskoe yaƙi

A 1806, wani kwamandan biography Davoust bayansa tare da sabon nasarori. A yen-Auershtedtskom yaƙi ya faru tsakanin Napoleon da kuma Prussian sojojin a kan Oktoba 14, da marshal ya kasance daya daga cikin manyan 'yan wasan kwaikwayo. Yaƙin ya kasu kashi biyu bulan. A farko ya faru a Auerstadt, da kuma na biyu - a Jena. Corps Marshal Lui Davu zira kwallaye a mataki na farko.

Marshal da aka bai umurnin na farko da reshe na na sarki sojojin. A karkashin umurnin akwai 26 dubu maza da 44 bindigogi. Davoust sanya a kan hagu flank na Prussian sojojin karkashin jagorancin Duke na Brunswick, wanda ya hada da 54 000 sojoji da 230 bindigogi. Daya dangantakar sojojin isa ga ainihin tantance ikon daga cikin jam'iyyun. Duk da haka, a mafi tsananin yaƙi Davoust iya ba kawai kayar da abokan sojojin, amma kuma ya kashe ta shugaban.

A yakin Jena, Faransa sojojin Napoleon da kaina gudanar. Ya gaba daya ci sojojin na Prussian Prince Hohenlohe. Duk da haka, a cikin wannan yakin da balance mulki shi ne kusan daidai. A cikin duka, da yen-Auershtedtskoy yaƙi, Faransa sojojin rasa 11 dubu mutane, 7 daga cikinsu a Auershtedtskoe yaƙi.

aristocratic suna

Har ila yau a 1806 Louis-Nicolas Davout aka tilasta fuskanci Rasha, sojoji. Disamba 24 jikinsa, tare da Napoleon ta sojojin ketare kogin steepening, da kuma da dare a karkashin Czarnowo farmaki da 15000th Rasha sojojin. A wannan yaki ne, Faransa rasa game da rabin as yawa Rasha.

The m nasara a Auerstadt Davoust iya je kada a gane, kuma Napoleon girmama general, ba kawai domin amma kuma lakabi na girmamawa na Duke Auershtedtskogo. Shi ne ya kamata a lura da cewa Napoleon Bonaparte, kasancewa a 'yan qasar na wani matalauci Harshen Kosikan-Italian daraja iyali, ya zama sarki na Faransa, da kariminci ni'imtar da ita a cikin sunayen sarauta na mabiyansa, ta haka ne kokarin haifar da wani sabon Elite a jihar.

Battle of Ekmyule

Afrilu 22, 1809, da makamantansu Napoleon ta sojojin sake tare da Austria sojojin, wanda umurnin da aka neme su da Archduke Charles. Austrians gudanar ya dauki ga Heights Ekmyulem karkashin mafi m matsayi. Napoleon aika zuwa hadari maƙiyi matsayi da mafi kyau jiki, ciki har da jikin Marshal Davoust. Kawai bayan wani m yaƙi, ba sau daya a mulki a melee, Faransa gudanar da korar maƙiyi daga duwatsu. By dare, da Archduke Charles dauki sojojinsa su Regensburg. Ya hasarori a cikin Battle of Ekmyule amounted zuwa 11 dubu mutane daga 76 dubbai sojojin. A nasara a wannan yaki, Napoleon bude up kyau kwarai al'amurra - Austria sojojin razchlenilas shiga kashi biyu. A generals, wanda ya taka leda muhimmiyar rawa a cikin wannan nasara, aka richly sãka. Saboda haka, Louis-Nicolas Davout samu wani dukedom, kuma har yanzu sarkin - Prince zama Ekmyulskim.

The Battle of Wagram

A 1809, da makamantansu Davout sake yana da damar saduwa a yaƙi da Archduke Charles. Wannan lokaci da yaƙin a Wagram. The dare kafin yakin, Napoleon ta sojojin fadin tsibirin Lobau haye m na Danube. A Austria sojojin, yana da fiye da dubu ɗari da sojojin da 452 bindigogi, sai ya tafi Vahram da gindin akwai. A yamma a kan Yuli 5 da Sarkin sarakuna da umarnin ta sojojin Italiya, wanda kara habaka da Saxon Corps, don kai farmaki makiya. Saboda wani kuskure Italiya suka riƙi Saxons ga maƙiyi, domin yana da da za a soke.

Babban events ya faru a kan wadannan rana, a lokacin da Napoleon sake tsarafa sojojinsa, wanda ya mai lamba magabaci a kan abokan gaba a cikin sabon tsari na yaƙi. Davout da Oudinot su yi aiki tare da hagu reshe na makiya matsayi. A Austrians farmaki massively daga wannan gefe na Faransa, amma da nasara ba a kawo. Kuma duk da haka, a karkashin mãsu alãma daga makiya ta tsakiya da kuma bar flank na Faransa sojojin da su janye mãsu bãyar da bãya. Aika sojoji zuwa tsakiyar ɓangare na ƙarfafa a cikin nau'i na Italian Corps da MacDonald, ja da baya da manyan bindigogi, da Sarkin sarakuna ya iya ajiye halin da ake ciki. Iko manyan bindigogi wuta tsaya da mãsu alãma daga cikin Austrians. Louis-Nicolas Davout halin yanzu kasance ba tare da reinforcements kuma, doke hagu flank da makiya sojojin, ya dauki mafi alhẽri daga gare ta. Marshal gudanar a samu a cikin raya na Austria sojojin da dismember ta game Vesedele. Matsuguni da takwaransa Vahram Uda nasara. A 11-hour yaƙi, Carl rasa game da 50 da mutane dubu. A sakamakon haka, ya aka tilasta koma baya zuwa ga Moravia.

Nasarar Wagram Faransa kudin ne quite tsada. Da farko, Napoleon ta sojojin rasa 32,000 sojoji. Abu na biyu, bayan yakin Birtaniya da kuma Rasha Empire shiga da Napoleonic Faransa a yakin.

Kari zuwa Rasha

Faransa Sarkin sarakuna bai tsoratar da kafa da shi a da hadin kan Turai wadanada. A 1812, Rasha da aka bar shi kadai - tsohon masõya daga anti-Napoleonic fadace-fadace, Austria da kuma Prussia, aka tilasta zama majibincin Faransa Empire.

Yuli 12, Napoleon ta sojojin ketare Neman River, mamaye da Rasha Empire. Kafin saran rashin daidaito Rasha sojojin da gudu don kauce wa yakin. Ba da yaki kadai, suna kusan tabbatar da cikakken shan kashi.

Corps na Marshal Davoust aka aika zuwa da taimakon sojojin Jerome Bonaparte, wanda ya bi na biyu Rasha Yammacin Army Janar Bagration, mãsu bãyar da bãya daga Vaukavysk a kudu-maso-gabas. Kere rawar daji Kwamandan sojojin Rasha janye daga ƙarƙashin biyu duka da makiya, sakamakon duka biyu da Faransa Marshal aka kamawa up. Lokacin da Bagration sojojin fara haye Niemen, Faransa generals sanya wani ƙoƙari mara nasara don ya auro ta a cikin muhalli. Foreseeing makiya da tsare-tsaren, Janar Bagration juya zuwa Minsk.

A Mogilev Davout karo da biyã sojojin, ya zo birnin a gaban maƙiyi. Na biyu Rasha Yammacin Army aka sake yanke daga farko Yammacin Army of General Barclay de Tolly, mãsu bãyar da bãya arewa. A wannan halin da ake ciki, babu abin da ya bar Bagration, amma ta jinkirta kara gaba na abokan gaba. Make shi ya samu izini kungiyar soja ta Janar Rajewski.

A avant-garde da shasi Dawa gana da shelves kusa da kauyen Saltanovka Rajewski. A yakin Saltanovka Rasha gudanar ya ƙulla sama da bukatun na Faransa, da kuma Bagration sojojin sake zo daga buga na mallaka Army. Wannan lokaci shi aika zuwa Smolensk.

Kusa Smolensk 1st da 2nd Yammacin rundunar shiga Rasha. 4 ga watan Agusta, ya fara yakin Smolensk (yaki th 1812), a cikin abin da suka shiga da kuma Davout. Daya daga cikin kashi kashi, ya jagoranci Gudin, ya iya rarrabe kansa a yakin Valutina Mountain, kai hari kan wani detachment na Manjo-Janar Tuchkov-uku. A karshen da aka munanan raunuka da kuma kama.

A lokacin yakin Borodino, daidai da dispositions na sarki, Davout ya tsaye dama a tsakiyar sojoji. The Cibiyar da alhakin brunt na Napoleon ta sojojin. Ya yi Master da Rasha filin kufaifan, wanda aka hada da a tarihi na soji kamar yadda Bagration flushes.

Bisa ga al'ada, wanda ya fara Napoleon, kafin babban yaƙi, da sojojin daular riguna a cika dress uniform. Agusta 26, 1812, da rana a lokacin asuba, ya fara wani iko da manyan bindigogi hari daga bangarorin biyu. Around 6:00 am Faransa sun kaddamar da wani m hadari flushes. Ƙungiyarku biyu Davoust aka nufin kudancin ja ruwa. A duk na lamba magabaci daga cikin Faransanci, Rasha har yanzu gudanar da su tare da kai hari.

By 7 am Davout ya ba da kansa da kuma sake maido da harin. Wannan lokaci ya gudanar ya kama kudancin ja ruwa. Duk da haka, da bayoneti cajin da dama dakaru battalions, wanda Bagration aika zuwa ja ruwa, a yarda a buga da Faransa daga cikin kufaifan. Sa'an nan Napoleon aika da taimakon sojan doki na Murat, Davout, Ney ta kungiyar soja da sauran sojoji. Faransa ya shigo da dama da hagu ja ruwa, amma m Rasha counter-kai hari sake buga su fita. Hare-hare a kan Bagration flushes ranar bi daya bayan daya ...

A lokacin da mãsu bãyar da bãya na Grand Army of Napoleon Louis-Nicolas Davout ya umarci rearguard, wanda kullum yana zuwa fend kashe da Cossack Ataman Platov , da kuma Janar Miloradovich mayakan. 22 ga watan Oktoba, Vyazma Rasha maƙiyi rearguard katange hanya zuwa yamma. Duk da cewa sojojin Davoust samu reinforcements, Rasha m shi. A wannan rana, Napoleon ta sojojin rasa game da 8000 da sojoji. Bayan da shan kashi a Vyazma sarki maye gurbin da "Iron Marshal" (ake kira mahaifarsa Davoust) kamar yadda shugaban sojoji a kwanto Marshal Nehemiah.

Wani babbar asarar Rasha Army Corps na Davout sha wahala a wani yaki a kusa da kauyen na Red, wanda aka gudanar daga 3 zuwa 6 ga watan Nuwamba. Mãsu bãyar da bãya daga Smolensk, Faransa so karya daga Rasha zalunci da kuma fita zuwa kogin Berezina. Bayan wannan yaki ne, jiki na Marshal Davoust akwai har rubuce.

Da shan kashi na Faransa

Davoust kasance daga cikin shugabanni na Napoleon, suka mika da sãshensu waliyyai ne ga Paris. A 1813 da kuma 1814 ya yi yaƙi a arewacin Jamus, Hamburg kare kewaye da Rasha da kuma Prussian sojojin. Duk da cewa da kewaye ya faru ba tare da fuskantar hare-haren da boma-bomai, Hamburg sojojin har yanzu mika wuya ga majiɓinta.

Lokacin da Napoleon Faransa sha wahala soja da siyasa da shan kashi, Louis-Nicolas Davout, wanda biography ya ko da yaushe aka haɗa tare da Napoleon, kuma ya kasance da aminci a gare shi. Kuma ko da ya kasance yana gudun hijira a tsibirin Elba, Davout bai daina ra'ayoyi. Lokacin da Napoleon komai a fili a cikin kudancin kasar, ya fara tafiya nasara Maris zuwa Paris, Lui Davu shiga da shi. A lokacin "da ɗari kwanaki", ya zauna a kan post na ministan War a Faransa.

Lokacin da Bourbons koma iko, Davoust ya Popular a kasar, da kuma musamman a cikin sojoji. Ya, kamar sauran shugabanni na Napoleon, rasa dukan darajõji da lakabobi, amma ba domin dogon - a 1817, domin kauce wa hangula a cikin al'umma, ya koma duk da haihuwa lakabi da darajõji. Bayan shekaru biyu, Davoust gudanar ba kawai don woo da hukumomi, amma kuma ya zama tsara na Faransa.

Yuni 1, 1823 Louis-Nicolas Davout ya mutu daga na huhu da tarin fuka a Paris.