Lexicology cewa nazarin? Branch of kimiyya karatu ƙamus

Lexicology - da kimiyya da cewa mayar da hankali a kan ƙamus na musamman harshe. Yana yana da dokoki da kuma Categories. Lexicology cewa nazarin? Wannan kimiyya hulda da daban-daban al'amurran da kalmomi, kazalika da ayyuka da kuma ci gaba.

ra'ayi

Lexicology - da kimiyya da karatu da ƙamus na harshe da kuma da fasali. A batu na wannan sashe na harsuna ne da wadannan:

• The ayyuka na lexical raka'a.
• Matsalar magana kamar yadda wani asali bijiro da batun kafa kashi na harshe.
• Nau'in kuma lexical raka'a.
• A tsarin da ƙamus na harshe.

Wannan ba wani cikakken jerin nazarin cewa lexicology. Wannan kimiyya yake kula da Ana ɗaukaka da kuma fadada ƙamus na, kazalika da la'akari da sadarwa da kuma sabani tsakanin lexical raka'a.

abu na nazari

Da kalmar da ma'anar - shi ne dalilin da yawa kimiyyar. Wadannan al'amurran da suka shafi an gama tattaunawa tare da ilimin halittar jiki, kazalika da fannoni daban daban na kalmar samuwar. Duk da haka, idan wadannan kalmomi ne da kimiyyar nufin karatu nahawu Tsarin ko binciko daban-daban model ga daban-daban bambance-bambancen karatu na kalmar samuwar, sa'an nan, yayi nazarin lexicology, an yi amfani da kai tsaye ga ilimi na ƙayyadaddu na mafi kalmomi. Lexical raka'a ana gani ba kawai a matsayin wani jerin haruffa da kuma sauti, kuma shi ne wani Hadakar tsarin cewa yana da nasa sadarwar ayyuka, Categories da Concepts. Yana da wani abu na nazarin lexicography. Rahoton ya bincika ba guda kalmomi da kuma dukan lexicon matsayin wani abu duka kuma basa.

Wannan dabarar yana da halaye. Wannan ya sa ya yiwu sanyã wa category na lexical raka'a ba kawai kalmomi, amma kuma da sa phrases da cewa suna da wani musamman na nazari rawa.

kalmar matsala

Lexicology na zamani Rasha harshen mayar da hankali a kan abu da kuma batun da karatunsa. Tun da kalmar ne a matsayin wani nau'i ne na naúra da cewa yana da dangantaka tsakanin tsari da kuma abun ciki, an dauke a cikin uku main al'amurran:

• Tsarin. Nazarin Kalmar form, da tsarin da kuma ta bangaren sassa.
• Rara. Tattauna muhimmancin lexical raka'a.
• Aikin. Yana nazarin rawar da kalmomin a cikin jawabin da a cikin tsarin da harshe.

Idan muka magana game da farko al'amari, da lexicology - wani kimiyya cewa ya kafa musamman sharudda ga kayyade bambance-bambance da kuma matsayinsu na mutum kalmomi. Domin wannan lexical raka'a idan aka kwatanta da phrases, kazalika tasowa da hikimar tantance tsarin cewa ba ka damar kafa da kalmomi na invariants.

Amma ga na ginin jumla al'amari, shi ke tsunduma a raba kimiyya - semasiology. Yana nazarin dangantaka tsakanin wata kalma da kuma musamman abu. Yana da muhimmanci ga Lexicology. Yana da karatunsa da kalmar da kuma ma'anarsa, da kuma ta mutum Categories da iri da cewa ba ka damar haskaka Concepts kamar monosimiya (musamman) da kuma polisimiya (shubuha). Lexicology ma Investigates haddasawa da cewa ba Yunƙurin zuwa ko asarar maganar da dabi'u.

Aikin al'amari la'akari lexical naúrar a matsayin abu da ake dangantawa da wasu irin abubuwa da kuma gina wani dukan tsarin na harshe. Ga muhimmiyar rawa da hulda da ƙamus da kuma nahawu wanda, a hannu daya, da goyon bayan da kuma a kan sauran - iyakance juna.

A ra'ayi na ƙamus na

Lexicology bi jawabin a matsayin tsarin da ta ƙunshi dama subsystems. Lexical raka'a samar da kungiyoyin da suke da daban-daban a cikin size, tsari da kuma abun ciki. Wannan wani bangare ne na abin da karatu lexicology. Ƙamus karatu a lokaci guda a cikin hanyoyi biyu: a matsayin kungiyar dake tsakanin mutum raka'a da su daidai matsayi a dangane da juna. Godiya ga wannan harshe za a iya raba raba Categories. Alal misali, homonyms, paronyms, ma'ana, saɓanin ma'ana, tetralogy et al.

Bugu da kari, kusan kowane reshe na harsuna, ciki har da Rasha, ko Turanci Lexicology, da karatunsa bulkier kungiyoyin na kalmomi da ake kira filayen. Yawancin lokaci shi dogara ne a kan filin na tsakiya, misali, wani yawan keywords, da kuma kan iyakoki na waxanda suke da wani daban-daban paradigmatic, na ginin jumla, nahawu ko wasu daban na dangantakar da wadannan lexical raka'a.

forums lexicology

Kamar kowane sauran kimiyya, lexicology na da tsarin da tarbiyya da suke da alhakin wasu fannoni na ta abu da kuma batun nazari:

• Semasiology. An tsunduma a cikin ma'anonin kalmomi da phrases.
• Onomasiology. Yana nazarin aiwatar da ambata sunayen abubuwa da mamaki.
• Etymology. Binciko asalin kalmomi.
• Onomastics. Tsunduma a nasu sunayen. Wannan ya shafi duka biyu ga mutane ta sunayen da wuri sunayen.
• Stylistics. Binciko da ma'anar kalmomi da maganganu connotative yanayi.
• Lexicography. An tsunduma a cikin kungiyar da kuma hanyoyin da Tattara bayanan kamus.
• Phraseology. Ya duba salon maganarsu, kuma m magana.

Forums lexicology suna da nasu category, kazalika da abu da kuma batun binciken. Bugu da kari, ware wasu iri wannan kimiyya. A musamman, muna magana ne game da general, masu zaman kansu, na tarihi, a kamanta da kuma amfani da lexicology. Nau'i na farko shi ne alhakin dokokin general na harshe, ciki har da tsarin, saukarwa na ci gaba, da kuma sauran ayyuka. Private Lexicology Investigates wani musamman harshe. Historical irin ne ke da alhakin ci gaba da kalma dangane da tarihin da sunayen abubuwa da mamaki. Comparative Lexicology Investigates kalmomi don gane da dangantakar dake tsakanin harsuna daban daban. A karshen irin ne ke da alhakin tafiyar matakai kamar da al'adun magana, musamman da translation, da ilimin harsuna ya pedagogy kuma lexicography.

Category na lexical raka'a

A ƙamus na kowane harshe na bambancin da heterogeneity. Haka kuma, da saki Categories wanda suna da nasu rarrabe fasali da kuma halaye. Rasha lexicology foresees da wadannan subtypes:

• A ikon yinsa: obscheupotreblyaemye kalmomi kuma lexical raka'a, wanda ake amfani da musamman yanayi (kimiyya, shayari, vernacular, yaruka, da dai sauransu ..).
• By wani tunanin danniya: da tsaka tsaki da kuma a tunaninsu cajin raka'a.
• Bisa ga tarihi cin: neologisms da archaisms.
• A ta asalin da kuma ci gaba: internationalism da kuma wajen samo, da dai sauransu ..
• A cikin sharuddan aiki - aiki da kuma m lexical raka'a, kazalika da occasionalisms.

Ganin bunkasuwar harshen, da iyakoki tsakanin kalmomi ba su bayyana, da kuma ba za su iya motsawa daga daya kungiyar zuwa wani.

matsaloli

Kamar kowane sauran kimiyya, lexicology an magance wasu matsaloli. Modern masana ne da wadannan:

• Frequency na kalmomi a cikin rubutu.
• Bambanci tsakanin lexical abubuwa a rubuce da kuma a cikin jawabin.
• Opportunities kalmomi cewa ba ka damar haifar da sabon sunayen ga abubuwa da mamaki.
• Canza harshen dabi'u.

Kimiyya kuma an binciko zaɓuɓɓuka saboda haduwa da kalmomi a matakai daban-daban: da na ginin jumla da kuma lexical.

Hanyar ƙamus

Lexicology Investigates gabatarwa zabin. Wannan yana nufin da hanyoyi daban-daban da kuma hanyoyin da fadada ƙamus. Wannan za a iya amfani da ciki albarkatun da wani harshe ne musamman, da kuma hannu na sauran lexical raka'a na harshe. Akwai da wadannan hanyoyi don cika ƙamus na:

• Kalma samuwar - halittar sabon kalmomi.
• Gina sabon ma'ana ga data kasance kalmomi: polysemy, canja wurin dabi'u da sauransu.
• Ilimi m phrases.
• Wajen samo.

Wadannan matakai ne halayyar kowane harshe, amma a kowane hali da nasu halaye da kuma rarrabe fasali.

hanyoyin

Domin su bukatun lexicology tana da janar rabe-bincike hanyoyin. Wadannan sun hada da:

• Rarraba. Shin alhakin kayyade lexical naúrar Frames, da kuma yawan dabi'u ga wasu.
• Canzawa. Nazarin sabon abu na nufin abu ɗaya ne da kuma bambancin da kalmomi.
• Bangaren Hanyar. Shin alhakin tsakiyan nonon na lexical raka'a a cikin mutum aka gyara da kuma su general tsarin da aka tsunduma.
• Canji. Amfani a cikin tsari na kalmar samuwar domin gano babban aka gyara daga cikin kalma.
• Ilimin kididdiga Hanyar. Amfani domin sanin mita na yin amfani da lexical raka'a, kazalika ga lissafi na su na ginin jumla, paradigmatic da sauran iri sadarwa.

The bayani samu ta hanyar wadannan hanyoyin, a yi amfani da sauran sciences, kamar Psycholinguistics, Neurolinguistics, kazalika da yawan kimiyyar zamantakewa.