Leonard Peltier: biography da kuma hoto

Peltier Leonard - sananne jama'a adadi, wanda sunansa ne aka alaka da gwagwarmaya na Indiyawan Dajin Amirka neman yancinsu. A sakamakon haka, daya daga cikin rikicin da iko, kuma cikin 'yan asalin mazaunan of America, wannan mutumin yana cikin kurkuku, ya zauna ga wannan rana domin kusan shekara arba'in. Mutane da yawa sun gaskata cewa ya aka yi masa hukuncin da zãlunci. Leonard Peltier - watakila mafi shahara, sanannun da kuma mutunta Indian wayewar.

wuya yara

Future jama'a adadi haife goma sha biyu ranar Satumba, 1944 a wani iyalin Indians na zuwa kabilu, kuma anishinabe Dakota. da haifuwa na mutum da sunan Peltier Leonard - North Dakota (ajiyar Kunkuru Mauntan).

Leonard ta yarantaka ya wuya. Iyali da talauci, da kuma, kamar yadda yawanci ya faru, da na kullum karancin kudi ya kai ga m sakamakon. Macen ta, yin burodi, ya yi aiki a wata karuwa. A uba, wanda ya ba iya sami isasshen kudi don samar da iyalinsa, ba zai iya tsaya shi kuma ya fara sha sosai. A sakamakon haka, iyaye suna saki, da kuma matasa Peltier aka aiko zuwa jihar na India na zama makarantu "Vahpeton", inda mafi tsanani horo mulki.

Bayan makaranta, Leonard Peltier koma zuwa Kunkuru Mauntan da zaune tare da mahaifinsa. Duk abin da ya faru a kan ajiyar, wato tsananin yan sanda gwamnatin Syria da kuma kokarin tsira da 'yan Nahiyar Amirka daga garin, ba na son da m saurayi da wani Keen ji na gaskiya. Ga wani dogon lokaci ba ya iya zama idly ta.

Outdoor ayyuka

A shekarar 1970, ashirin da shida Peltier Leonard shiga motsi na Indiyawan Dajin Amirka da kuma daukan wani aiki sashi a cikin daban-daban zanga-zanga ayyuka.

Alal misali, ya, tare da sauran membobin AIM (Indiyawan Amirka Movement), za'ayi "kama" na ADI (Agency for Indian Harkokin), ya halarci a cikin mataki mai taken "Path warwarewarsu kwangila", "kai" Fort Lawton da t. D. kawai talakawa memba na kungiyar ta gudanar ya zama daya daga cikin mafi bayyanar da membobinta shekaru da dama. Jin tsoro, unwillingness daidaitawa tare da na sanin yakamata da tare da abokan gaba, hazaka da kuma juriyarsu sanya wani Peltier shahara. Amma shi bai kawo farin ciki, domin hana mafi muhimmanci da abu wani mutum zai iya samun - 'yanci.

A taron da cewa ya canja rayuwar

A Yuni 1975 akwai wani taron, raba rayuwar wani yaron {asar Indiya himmar aiki a kan "kafin" da "bayan." Ya backstory ne wannan: bayan da tarzomar da ta share da Pine Ridge Reservation a shekarar 1973, da karshen kasance a cikin wani na musamman lissafi na 'yan sanda. Domin sarrafa Indians na kabilar Oglala Dakota, FBI Guide ko sa masa jami'an biyu, wanda wajibi ne a bi kowane mataki na yuwuwar 'yan tawayen da kuma bayar da rahoton "up" a kan kowane daki-daki.

Domin ta bangare, ba su kasance na banza, kuma membobin AIM. Sun kafa sansani kusa da kauyen domin kare ajiyar daga zalunci na jihar. Za mu iya cewa a lokacin Pine Ridge ya da wani karfi na gwagwarmaya, cikinsu da Leonard Peltier.

Tsakanin 'yan sanda da mazauna kauyen sa'an nan akwai rikicin. A karo, wanda ya faru ta ashirin da shida na Yuni 1975, ya ƙare ne sosai baƙin cikin shine domin da yawa daga cikin mahalarta ...

A wannan rana, biyu FBI sun abka cikin ranch tsalle Bull wajen kama wani India da ake zargi da ta'addanci. Jijjiga mahalarta Dai dauki. Bindigar, wanda ke haifar a cikin FBI, da na tumaki, da aka kashe. Lamarin ma kudin rayuwar daya matasa Indiyawan daga reservations. Kisan kai da jamiái zargi Peltier da kuma uku daga cikin sahabbai. Ba da da ewa, tare da karshen cajin da aka ragu, kuma Leonard jingina a kan gudu.

punitive aiki

Bayan abubuwan da suka faru da cewa ya faru ashirin da shida ranar Yuni, FBI kaddamar da wani m punitive aiki da Indiyawan na Pine Ridge. Su ayyuka a cikin idanu na Ma'aikatan m ƙarya kalamai game da abin da abokan aikinsu aka azabtar, amma da kisan da kanta da aka m kafin mutuwarsa. Ostensibly jiki jamiái da aka zahiri riddled da harsasai (ko da yake a gaskiya suka kowane samu uku raunuka).

Mazauna ajiyar baka tsoro makami ne mai iko, routinely hõre hare-hare da kuma tsare a cikin hali ki ba shaidar zur, da jiki da azabtarwa da hankulansu matsa lamba.

Shi ne wata ila cewa shaidar da wani matashi 'yan ƙasar Amirka Myrtle da Leonard Peltier aka kuma samu a cikin wannan hanya. Ta bayyana cewa, ta kasance wani kusa aboki da kuma himmar aiki ba a aiwatar da su jamiái.

bincike

Saboda haka, a kan tushen da shaidar zur, da ƙarya amarya Peltier Leonard - wani himmar aiki na Indiyawan Dajin Amirka Movement, ya aka tuhumar laifuffukansa da kisan FBI Jack Koulera da Ronald Williams jamiái. A wannan lokacin, 'yan tawayen da aka riga nisa daga gida - a Canada, kuma ya iskar nemi ikon Amurka. Up ga kama dan fafutuka iyali sunan a kan jerin goma mafi so laifi na United States of America.

A halin yanzu, da gudanar da bincike da aka faruwa. Bisa ga sakamakon da ya bayyana da cewa FBI aka farko rauni, sa'an nan kuma harbe a aya blank kewayo. Kuma ya sanya karshe harbi, a cewar masu binciken, shi ne Leonard Peltier, wani photo wanda ya rataye a duk zura sandunan ɗaukarsa.

Kama, fitina da kuma tofin Allah tsine

Lokacin da sauran biyu kare kansu a cikin yanayin da aka wanke - Indiyawan Butler da Robidoux, - farauta domin su 'yan'uwa gudun hijira tsiwirwirinsu musamman keta. Kuma a karshen Peltier Leonard, wanda biography fara a North Dakota, da aka samu da kuma kama kusan dubu biyu kilomita daga gida - a garin Hinton (Canada). An kama shi da kuma sanya shi a cikin Kadaitaccen kurkuku, Canadian kurkuku, kuma daga baya hawa zuwa mahaifarsa.

A fitina daga wani himmar aiki, da ake zargi da biyu kisan ya faru a garin Fargo North Dakota. A rana ta farko na bazara 1977 Peltier Leonard (Indiyawan Amirka Movement himmar aiki) da aka same shi da laifin wani laifi da kuma yanke masa hukumcin biyu rai sentences (daya ga kowane wakili) a kurkuku. A Amurka shari'a ne sau da yawa akwai yanayi a lokacin da mutane suna yanke hukuncin daurin rai da mahara sentences ko ba da "m" lokaci. Alal misali, mutum ɗari, ko da ɗari biyu da shekaru. Wannan irin sentences nufin cewa bayan mutuwar dan kaso mutum ta jiki da aka ba da aka ba dangi da ya rage iya barin cikin kurkuku ne kawai bayan da "tashi" da cikakken lokaci. America ne mafi mulkin demokraɗiyya kasar a duniya, abin da ba ya samun gaji don tunatar da duniya ta 'yan siyasa. Amma, abin mamaki, a cikin wannan kasa akwai har yanzu irin wannan m yi wanda ba za a iya kira mutum.

Sanarwa da ta Leonard Peltier

Ko zama a wani Kanad kurkuku, Peltier yi kira ga kotun na wannan kasar da kuma duniya al'umma da babbar sanarwa. Ya kira zargin qirqiro da hali - siyasa. Gwagwarmaya zargi Amurka gwamnati na kuntatawa da azabtarwa "canza launin" al'ummai waɗanda, domin ƙarni zaune cikin garũruwa of America, sa'an nan kuma suka fitar da fari baki a cikin Reservation. Amma ko da cewa ƙasa, wanda aka bar wa Indiyawan, bisa ga Peltier, a rage. White mutane ne a kan 'yan asalin yawan mai real yaki, kokarin su kwashe ƙasar,' yanci da kuma rayuwa. A kogi, wanda Indiyawan sha, zuba Mercury sharar gida, yankuna reservations aka quntata, da kuma mutanen da suke kokarin kare hakkin daga mutãnensa, damƙar zasu kare ko ware daga jama'a.

A karshen da sanarwa, Leonard Peltier tambayi Kanad gwamnatin ba zama raka da laifi ayyuka na gwamnatin {asar Amirka, kuma Ka bã shi mafakar siyasa a kasar. Amma, alas, ya request da aka ba su ba.

Rallies a cikin goyon bayan Peltier

Bayan wani lokaci bayan da fitina da kuma hukunci da shi ya bayyana cewa FBI boye daga bincikensa yana da muhimmanci sosai bayanai. Wato ballistic masana 'karshe, wanda ya bayyana cewa, harsasai cirewa daga jikin matattu jamiái da aka ba saki daga bindiga Leonarda Peltiera. Ko da sabis ma'aikata daga baya yarda cewa ba su san wanda ya kashe abokan aikinsu.

Ya shakku game da laifi Peltier sanya jama'a kungiyar "Amnesty International", wanda ba ya canja shi daga zargin hannu a cikin rikicin, wanda ya faru ta ashirin da shida ranar Yuni, amma zasu kisa bai ƙidaya.

Daya bayan wani a cikin tsaro na kaso mutum ya fara magana da kungiyoyin duniya, ciki har da tarayyar Soviet, wanda ya sha nanata za'ayi ayyuka a cikin goyon bayan wani jirgin saman soja domin hakkokin Indiyawan. Kowace rana busa da karfi fiye da kalmomi game da qirqiro hali da kuma ta siyasa da bango. Ko da Majalisar Dinkin Duniya roko domin a saki Leonard, amma American Themis duk watsi.

Raunana Alkalin Heaney

Duk da haka, wasu wakilan Amurka tsarin shari'a ne har yanzu kokarin mayar da adalci. Saboda haka, a shekarar 1991, Alkalin Heaney ce cewa mahukuntan Amurka sun yi kuskuren. Maimakon yi taka tsantsan wajen kula da Indians, sun nuna zaluntar da kuma matsa lamba, haddasa istinbadi zanga-zangar. Saboda haka, bisa ga hukunci, gwamnatin Amurka dole ne raba alhakin tashin da 'yan tawaye. Kuma daya daga cikinsu - Peltier Leonard ya kamata a yafe. Mr Heaney aka kokarin shawo kan jama'a da cewa farkon saki da himmar aiki zai zama wani muhimmin mataki wajen sulhunta takaddama sassa na jama'ar {asar Amirka.

A request ga afuwa

Abin baƙin ciki, ba murya na fiye da ɗari biyar da kungiyoyi a duniya, kuma da muhawara Alkalin Heaney aka ba da fadin. Shi ne kawai a shekarar 2009, da aka gudanar a ji Peltier alƙawari Hukumar.

A cewar Amurka dokar, wani fursuna, waɗanda suka bauta wa da shekara talatin da ba jajirce tsanani laifukan da hakkin ya tambayi alƙawari. Leonard Peltier ya kasance a cikin kurkuku fiye da uku da suka gabata, da kuma amfani da dama.

A lokacin da fitina da himmar aiki sanya wani casa'in da minti magana. Mutane da yawa tsanani karfi vouched for Peltier da kuma yi masa alkawari support cikin sharuddan gidaje da kuma aiki, idan saki.

A kotu zauna sha'aninsu dabam sake, shan gefen masu kara da FSB. A jirgin saman soja domin hakkokin Indiyawan zuwa wannan rana ya ci gaba da zama a baya sanduna. Kuma na gaba damar nemi afuwar zai bayyana ne kawai a 2024. Amma ko da sarƙa za su rayu har zuwa wannan lokaci?

Ayyukan a kurkuku

Ko ana ware daga jama'a, Peltier ci gaba da gudanar da zamantakewa. Ruhunsa ya ba karya, kuma hannayensu saukar. Shekaru bauta jirgin saman soja domin hakkokin Indiyawan kokarin ciyar usefully. Ya rubuta wani littafi sada "Kurkuku Littafa: My Life - My Dance na Sun", wanda aka buga a 1999, kuma Ya sanya wasu muhimman matakai.

Sau shida Peltier Leonard - da aka sani Amurka himmar aiki - An zabi ga Nobel Peace Prize. Kuma a cikin 2004, da shekara da wannan musamman mutumin ko gudu ga shugaban kasar na Amurka, da zabar a matsayin wani dandalin siyasa da na "jam'iyyar na zaman lafiya da kuma 'yanci."

Muhimmancin da mutum

Shugaban rajin bai zama ba, amma a yau za mu iya amince ce cewa Peltier Leonard - American gwarzo kuma daya daga cikin shahararrun fursunonin siyasa na yanzu. A 'yan asalin mazaunan USA ganin Peltier shahidi da kuma waliyyinsa ya malã'ika ne. Mutane da yawa da basu da alaka da Indians, ya yaba da littafin, rubuta Peltier da zane-zane. Amma abu mafi muhimmanci shi ne girmamawa a duk - yana da wani baƙin ƙarfe iradar, unbroken ruhu da kuma soyayya ga mutãnensa, a kan farin ciki da abin da Leonard Peltier yãki, ko yayin da a kurkuku.