Lasers a magani. A amfani da lasers a magani da kuma kimiyya

A cikin shekaru hamsin shekaru lasers da aka yi amfani da ophthalmology, Oncology, roba tiyata da kuma wasu yankunan na magani da kuma ilimin halittu da aikin likita da bincike.

A kan yiwuwar yin amfani da hasken da zai yi wa cutar da aka sani ga dubban shekaru da suka wuce. A zamanin d Helenawa da Masarawa amfani da hasken rana radiation far, kuma wadannan guda biyu ideas aka ko da alaka da juna a cikin mythology - Greek bautãwa Apollo ya gunkin rana da waraka.

Shi ne kawai bayan da jiwuwa radiation tushen da sabuwar dabara fiye da 50 da suka wuce, lalle an gano yuwuwar amfani da haske a cikin magani.

Saboda ta musamman Properties, da Laser ne yafi dacewa fiye da hasken rana radiation ko wasu kafofin. Kowane jimla janareta ne ke aiki a wani sosai kunkuntar zango iyaka da kuma fitarda jiwuwa haske. Har ila yau, lasers a magani ba ka damar haifar da mafi iko. makamashi katako za a iya mayar da hankali ga wani sosai kananan batu, wanda results a high yawa. Wadannan Properties sun kai ga cewa a yau lasers ake amfani da su a yankunan da yawa daga likita ganowa, far da kuma tiyata.

Fata da kuma ido magani

A amfani da lasers a magani fara da ophthalmology da dermatology. Maser da aka bude a 1960. Kuma a shekara bayan da Leon Goldman nuna yadda yaƙutu ja Laser a magani za a iya amfani da su cire capillary dysplasia, iri-iri na nevi da melanoma.

Wannan aikace-aikace dogara ne a kan mai jiwuwa haske kafofin da ikon yin aiki a wani takamaiman zango. Sources na jiwuwa radiation yanzu yadu amfani da su cire marurai, jarfa, gashi kuma moles.

A dermatology, lasers an yi amfani da daban-daban da kuma wavelengths, wanda aka sa ta daban-daban na daman a raunuka da kuma babban mamaye kayan ciki su. A zango kuma ya dogara da haƙuri ta fata.

Yau ba shi yiwuwa a gudanar da aiki dermatology da ophthalmology ba tare da lasers, tun da sun yi zama na asali kayan aikin na haƙuri kula. A amfani da lasers ga wahayin gyara da kuma fadi da dama ophthalmic aikace-aikace ya karu bayan Charlz Kempbell a 1961 ya zama na farko likita don amfani ja Laser a magani da cewa in warkar da haƙuri da retinal detachment.

Daga baya, saboda wannan dalili, ophthalmologists fara yin amfani da argon kafofin na jiwuwa radiation a kore ɓangare na bakan. A nan, da kaddarorin da ido, musamman da ruwan tabarau don mayar da hankali da katako a cikin filin na retinal detachment da hannu. Sosai ikon inji shi zahiri welds.

Marasa lafiya da wasu siffofin macular degeneration iya taimaka Laser tiyata - Laser photocoagulation da photodynamic far. A na farko hanya, a katako na jiwuwa radiation da ake amfani da sealing jini da kuma su pathological slowing na girma a karkashin macula.

Similar nazarin da aka gudanar a 1940 tare da hasken rana, amma ga su nasara ƙarshe na likitoci da aka bukatar da musamman Properties na jimla janareto. Wadannan aikace-aikace na wani argon Laser ya zama tasha ciki zub da jini. Zababben sha na koren haske ta haemoglobin - pigment ja jini Kwayoyin - An yi amfani da tarewa jini jirgin ruwa zub da jini. Domin lura da ciwon daji hallaka jini a cikin ƙari kuma ta samar da gina jiki.

Wannan ba za a iya cimma ta yin amfani da hasken rana. Magani ne sosai ra'ayin mazan jiya, kamar yadda ya kamata, amma tushen abin da jiwuwa radiation Karbar fitarwa a dukkan fannoni. Lasers a magani sun maye gurbin yawa gargajiya da kayayyakin aiki.

Ophthalmology da Dermatology kuma amfana daga excimer kafofin na jiwuwa radiation a ultraviolet kewayo. Su an yadu amfani a canja siffar da cornea (LASIK) ga wahayin gyara. Lasers a ado magani amfani da su cire stains da wrinkles.

Garabasa kwaskwarima tiyata

Wadannan fasaha aukuwa zai babu makawa m kasuwanci masu zuba jari, kamar yadda suke da wata babbar m ga riba. Analyst m Medtech Insight a shekarar 2011 aka kiyasta kasuwa na kwaskwarima Laser kayan aiki da daraja fiye da $ 1 biliyan. Lalle ne, duk da rage a cikin sauran bukatar kiwon lafiya tsarin a lokacin da duniya koma bayan tattalin arziki, kwaskwarima tiyata, dangane da yin amfani da lasers, ci gaba da ji dadin barga bukatar a Amurka - da rinjaye Laser tsarin kasuwar.

Na gani, kuma bincikowa

Lasers a magani taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin farkon ganewa na ciwon daji da kuma wasu cututtuka. Alal misali, a Tel Aviv, wani rukuni na masana kimiyya da sha'awar infrared spectroscopy amfani da infrared kafofin na jiwuwa radiation. Dalilin wannan shi ne cewa ciwon daji da kuma lafiya nama iya daban-daban permeability a infrared kewayo. Daya daga alamar aikace-aikace na wannan hanya ne ganewa na melanoma. Fata ciwon daji, farkon ganewar asali ne da muhimmanci sosai ga rayuwa da marasa lafiya. A halin yanzu, da ganewa na melanoma da yake a cikin idanu, don haka ne dogara a kan likita na fasaha.

A Isra'ila, sau ɗaya a shekara, kowane mutum zai iya zuwa wani free nunawa na melanoma. Shekaru da dama da suka wuce a daya daga cikin manyan cibiyoyin harkokin likita gudanar da binciken, wanda a cikin sa wata damar a fili tsayar da bambanci a cikin infrared kewayon da bambanci tsakanin m, amma ba m halaye, da kuma ba melanoma.

Katzir, da Oganeza na farko Conference of SPIE ilimin halittu da aikin likita kimiyyan gani da hasken wuta a shekarar 1984, kuma tawagar a Tel Aviv sun kuma ci gaba Tantancewar zaruruwa cewa ne m zuwa infrared wavelengths, kyale su mika wannan hanya zuwa ciki bincikowa. Bugu da kari, zai iya zama mai sauri da kuma m madadin ga mahaifa smears a gynecology.

Blue semiconductor Laser a magani da aka amfani a haske ganewar asali.

Systems bisa jimla janareto aka kuma fara maye gurbin X-ray, wanda aka al'ada amfani a mammography. X-haskoki likitoci sa a wuya rudanin: ga m ganewa na cancers da suke bukatar su kasance da babban tsanani, amma radiation girma da kanta kara hadarin ciwon daji. Madadin, mu yi karatu da yiwuwar yin amfani da sosai m Laser hatsaisai ga nono image, da sauran sassa na jiki kamar kwakwalwa.

Oct wa ido da kuma ba kawai

Lasers a ilmin halitta da kuma magani aka yi amfani da na gani jituwar tomography (Oct), wanda ya janyo kalaman na babbar sha'awa. Wannan Dabarar dabara amfani maser dũkiyarsu da kuma iya bayar da wata mai haske (a kan tsari na wani micron), a real-lokaci uku-girma image da giciye nazarin halittu nama. Oct an riga an yi amfani a ophthalmology, da kuma iya, misali, kunna da ophthalmologist ganin giciye sashe na cornea for diagnosing retinal cuta da kuma glaucoma. Yau, inji fara da za a yi amfani da ma a wasu filayen na magani.

Daya daga cikin mafi girma a yankunan kafa saboda Oct tsunduma samu fiber-Tantancewar Dabarar jijiyoyi. Tantancewar jituwar tomography za a iya amfani da su tantance da jihar yiwuwa ga katsewa na m plaque.

Bincike da madubin likita na rayayyun kwayoyin halitta

Lasers a kimiyya da aikin injiniya, magani kuma taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin da yawa iri bincike da madubin likita. babban adadin bincike da aka yi a wannan yanki, da manufa shi ne ya ganin abin da ke faruwa a ciki da haƙuri ta jiki ba tare da amfani da wata wukar yin aikin tiyata.

A mafi wuya ga cire ciwon daji ne da bukatar kullum Resort zuwa sabis na microscope, Likita zai tabbatar da duk abin da aka yi daidai. Da ikon yin bincike da madubin likita "live" kuma a hakikanin lokaci ne mai muhimmanci nasara.

Wani sabon aikace-aikace na lasers a cikin art da magani - Ana dubawa kusa-filin Tantancewar bincike da madubin likita, wanda zai iya samar da hotunan da wani ƙuduri da ya fi yadda waɗanda suke na al'ada microscopes. Wannan hanyar dogara ne a kan Tantancewar zaruruwa da notches a iyakar, su ne karami fiye da zango na haske. Wannan yarda da subwavelength Dabarar, da kuma aza harsashin ginin domin Dabarar na nazarin halittu Kwayoyin. A amfani da wannan fasaha a infrared lasers zai ba da damar mafi fahimtar Alzheimer ta cuta, da ciwon daji, da sauran canje-canje a cikin sel.

Photodynamic far da sauran jiyya

Aukuwa a filin wasa na Tantancewar zaruruwa taimaka karfafawa da yin amfani da lasers da kuma sauran filayen. Bugu da kari, sun ba da damar ganewar asali a cikin jiki, da samar da makamashi na jiwuwa radiation za a iya daukar kwayar cutar zuwa inda shi ne ake bukata. Wannan za a iya amfani da magani. Fiber lasers ne yafi m. Su halin canza gaba da magani.

Field na Photomedicine, ta amfani da haske-m sinadarai hulɗa tare da jiki a hanya ta musamman, na iya koma ga yin amfani da lasers duka biyu ganewar asali da kuma lura da marasa lafiya. A photodynamic far (PDT), misali, wata na'ura da kuma wani photosensitive miyagun ƙwayoyi iya mayar da hangen nesa a cikin marasa lafiya da "rigar" nau'i na shekaru da alaka da macular degeneration, wata babbar hanyar makanta a kan mutane da shekaru 50 da shekaru.

A Oncology wasu porphyrins tara a ciwon daji Kwayoyin, kuma fluoresce lokacin da hasken wasu zango, ta nuna wurin da ƙari. Idan wadannan guda mahadi an sa'an nan haskaka a daban-daban zango, suka zama mai guba da kuma kashe lalace Kwayoyin.

A ja helium-Neon gas Laser da ake amfani a magani da magani daga osteoporosis, psoriasis, venous ulcers, da dai sauransu, kamar yadda wannan mita yana da kyau tunawa da haemoglobin kuma enzymes. Radiation slows kumburi, edema da hyperemia hana, inganta jini wadata.

da keɓaɓɓun magani

Biyu sauran wurare a cikin abin da akwai amfani ga lasers - halittar jini da kuma epigenetics.

A nan gaba, duk abin da zai faru a nanoscale, wanda zai ba da damar gudanar da aiki da magani a cikin cell sikelin. Lasers wanda zai iya samar da femtosecond hatsaisai da kuma saurare zuwa wani takamaiman zango, su ne manufa abokan for likitoci.

Wannan zai bude kofa ga wani jiki magani dangane da mutum haƙuri ta genome.

Leon Goldman - kafa Laser Medicine

Magana ne game da amfani da lasers da magani daga mutane, ba a ma maganar Leon Goldman. An sani a matsayin "baba" na Laser magani.

A shekara bayan jiwuwa radiation tushen Goldman firtsi farko bincike don amfani da shi domin lura da fata cututtuka. The m amfani masanin kimiyya ne da paved hanya domin m cigaban Laser dermatology.

Da bincike a tsakiyar shekarun 1960s ya kai ga yin amfani da wani yaƙutu maser a tiyata na akan tantanin ido da kuma irin wannan binciken a matsayin yiwuwar jiwuwa radiation a lokaci guda yanke fata da kuma sanya hãtimin rufi a jini, da iyakance zub da jini.

Goldman, wanda ya yi aiki ga mafi daga cikin aiki, likitan fata a Jami'ar Cincinnati, kafa American Society of Lasers a Medicine da Surgery, da kuma aza harsashin for Laser aminci. Ya mutu a cikin 1997

miniaturization

A farko-2 micron lasers da girman da biyu gado da kuma sanyaya ruwa da nitrogen. Yau bayyana diode cewa shige a cikin dabino, har ma fiye dada fiber lasers. Irin wannan canje-canje suna bayar da damar gudanar da hanya ga sabon aikace-aikace da kuma aukuwa. Medicine na nan gaba zai yi wani kankanin lasers ga kwakwalwa tiyata.

Godiya ga fasaha ci gaba akwai wani m rage ta halin kaka. Kamar yadda lasers sun zama sananne a mabukaci Electronics, suka fara taka muhimmiyar rawa a asibiti kayan aiki.

Idan baya lasers a magani ne ƙwarai, manyan da hadaddun, shi yau su samar da na gani zaruruwa significantly rage kudin, da kuma miƙa mulki ga nanolevel za su kara rage ta halin kaka.

wasu aikace-aikace

Amfani lasers urologists iya bi urethral stricture, benign warts, urinary duwatsu, mafitsara contracture, kuma prostate kara girma.

A amfani da Laser a magani kunna neurosurgeons yi daidai cuts kuma yi endoscopic Nazarin da kwakwalwa da kuma laka.

Dabbobi amfani lasers for endoscopic hanyoyin, coagulation marurai, incision, kuma photodynamic far.

Zahnärzte amfani jiwuwa haske domin yin ramuka a danko tiyata ga antibacterial hanyoyin, hakori desensitization da Roto-fuska ganewar asali.

Laser hanzaki

Ilimin halittu da aikin likita masu bincike sun yi amfani da na gani hanzaki a dukan duniya, cell sorters, kazalika da yawa wasu kayan aikin. Laser hanzaki alkawari mafi alhẽri kuma mafi m ganewar asali da ciwon daji da kuma amfani da su kama da ƙwayoyin cuta, kwayoyin, lafiya karfe barbashi da kuma DNA strands.

A Tantancewar hanzaki katako na jiwuwa radiation da ake amfani da su rike kuma juya microscopic abubuwa a cikin kamar yadda karfe ko roba hanzaki iya karba kananan da kuma m abubuwa. Mutane daya-daya da kwayoyin za a iya nemi yin amfani da mai danko da su zuwa wani yanki na gilashin ko micron-sized beads na polystyrene. Lokacin da katako hits da ball, shi ne mai lankwasa, kuma yana da kananan sakamako, turawa da ball mike cikin cibiyar na katako.

Wannan halitta wani "Tantancewar tarko", wanda yake shi ne iya rike kananan barbashi a cikin katako na haske.

Laser magani: ribobi da fursunoni

A samar da makamashi na jiwuwa radiation, da tsanani da wanda za a iya modulated, da ake amfani da yanke, halaka ko canji na cell ko extracellular tsarin nazarin halittu kyallen takarda. Bugu da ƙari kuma, da yin amfani da lasers a magani, a takaice, rage hadarin kamuwa da cuta da kuma inganta harkokin waraka. A amfani da lasers a tiyata qara daidaito na yanke, duk da haka, suna kawo hadari ga mata masu ciki da akwai wani contraindication domin yin amfani da photosensitizing kwayoyi.

A hadaddun tsarin da kyallen takarda ba da damar wani unambiguous fassarar da sakamakon gargajiya da nazarin halittu kima. Lasers a Medicine (photo) ne wani tasiri kayan aiki domin lalata ciwon daji Kwayoyin. Duk da haka, m kafofin na jiwuwa radiation ne indiscriminately, kuma ya halaka ba kawai ya shafa, amma kuma da kewaye nama. Wannan dukiya - wani muhimmanci ga kayan aiki microdissection Hanyar amfani ga kwayoyin bincike a wuraren ban sha'awa tare da yiwuwar zabe halakar superfluous Kwayoyin. Manufar wannan fasaha ne don shawo kan heterogeneity ba a duk nazarin halittu kyallen takarda, domin sauƙaƙe su gudanar da bincike a kan rijiya-tsare yawan jama'a. A wannan yanayi, da Laser microdissection ya sanya wani gagarumin taimako ga ci gaban bincike a cikin fahimtar da physiological sunadaran da cewa a yau za a iya fili ya nuna a yawan matakin, da kuma ko da guda cell.

Aikin nama aikin injiniya ya zama yanzu manyan factor a ci gaban ilmin halitta. Me zai faru idan muka yanke da actin zaruruwa a cikin division? So da Drosophila tayi ne barga idan hallaka Kwayoyin lokacin da nadawa yanayi? Mene ne sigogi da hannu a shuka meristem zone? Dukan waɗannan al'amura za a iya warware da taimakon lasers.

} ananan magungunan

Kwanan nan, wani jam'i na nanostructures da ciwon Properties dace da wani iri-iri na nazarin halittu aikace-aikace. A mafi muhimmanci su ne:

• jimla dige - emitting kankanin barbashi nanometer masu girma dabam amfani a high-ji na ƙwarai Dabarar cell.
• Magnetic nanoparticles wanda sun samu aikace-aikace a cikin likita yi.
• polymer barbashi don encapsulated warkewa kwayoyin.
• ƙarfe nanoparticles.

A ci gaba da nanotechnology da yin amfani da lasers a magani, a takaice, ya kawo hanyar da gudanarwa kwayoyi. A suspensions na nanoparticles dauke da kwayoyi iya bunkasa warkewa index of yawa mahadi (inganci da kuma kara da solubility, ƙananan yawan guba) da zabe mataki a kan abin ya shafa kyallen takarda da Kwayoyin. Su isar da aiki sashi kazalika sarrafawa saki na aiki sashi a mayar da martani ga waje samuwar kasashe. Nanoteranostika gwaji m ne kara bayar da dual amfani da nanoparticles, miyagun ƙwayoyi fili, far da bincike Dabarar jamiái, wanda ya buɗe hanya domin kanka magani.

A amfani da lasers a magani da kuma ilmin halitta for microdissection da fotoablatsii yarda a bangarori daban-daban na fahimtar da physiological sunadaran da ci gaban da cutar. A sakamakon zai taimaka ƙayyade da mafi kyau hanyoyin da ganewar asali da kuma lura da kowane haƙuri. Nanotechnology ci gaba a kusa dangane da nasarori a Dabarar filin zai kuma zama da muhimmanci. } Ananan magungunan ne mai alamar sabon nau'i na jiyya ga wasu irin ciwon daji, cutar ko ganewar asali.