Lake Sarykamysh: description, tarihi, ban sha'awa facts

A Asiya ta tsakiya, kawai a tsakiyar tsakanin Caspian da hanzari ƙunci Aral Sea ne endorheic lake Sarykamysh kuma m. Musamman mai ban sha'awa hydrology, kazalika da tarihin wannan kandami. Bugu da kari, da dama ban sha'awa da kuma creepy Legends hade da lake.

Sarykamysh lake: labarin kasa kandami

Sarikamis - daya daga cikin mafi girma a jikin ruwa a Asiya ta tsakiya da kuma shi ne mafi girma lake a Turkmenistan. Nemo shi a kan taswira ba shi da wuya. The lake is located tsakanin Caspian da Aral Sea, kamar a tsakiyar tsakanin su. A cikin jiki taswirar kasa shi ne alama da ja alama:

A ma'aunan kasa sharuddan Sarykamysh lake bautar da cibiyar da homonymous tasa. Yana yana da nau'i na wani lebur m tududa rufe gaba daya gishiri Marshes da deflated Sands. Sarikamish ciki, bi da bi, shi ne arewacin iyaka da Karakum hamada.

A fannin siyasa da administrative sharuddan Sarykamysh lake nasa ne biyu tsakiyar Asiya jihohi. Game da 70% na surface (kudancin) ne a Turkmenistan da wani 30% (arewacin da kuma yammacin ɓangare) - Uzbekistan. A arewacin gaba da lake nasa ne Karakalpakstan jamhuriyar a Uzbekistan, kuma kudanci da gabashin jẽranta Dashoguz Wilayat na Turkmenistan.

Hydrology, sigogi, da kuma kifi fauna daga cikin lake

Sunan ruwa ne na Turkic asali kuma yana nufin "rawaya kyauro." Shoreline na lake ne karfi da indented kuma yawanci m. An dade kasance Sarykamysh lake sãɓã wa jũna arziki da kuma musamman namun daji. A cikin ruwan ya saba babban kifi (irin kifi, perch, catfish da sauran jinsunan), da kuma da yawa tsibirin suna cike da wasan. Ga za ka iya samun mouflon, kura, daji boar, a kwasakwasa, ko wani Flamingo. Domin da kariya na cikin ruwa jinsunan tsuntsaye a yankin shi an halitta Sarykamysh Reserve.

Lake Sarykamysh yana da wadannan sigogi:

• tsawon - 120 km.
• nisa - 40 km.
• talakawan zurfin - 8 m.
• matsakaicin zurfin - 40 m.
• jimlar adadin ruwa a cikin tafkin ne game da 12,000 cubic mita. mita.

The lake lullube daga arewa zuwa kudu-maso-gabas. Yammacin bakin tafki ne m, kuma precipitous, kuma ta zurfin hankali qara tare da ci gaba na gabashin tudu. A gabashin hayin teku gudana a cikin wani wucin gadi tashar, wanda shi ne babban tushen da abun ciki.

Lake Sarykamysh tarihi tafki

Wannan landlocked jiki na ruwa tare da m-m ruwa wanzu a kan "jiki" na duniya ba ko da yaushe haka al'amarin. An sani cewa ya kasance a karshen da Neogene kuma a tsakiyar zamanai. Kuma a karshen XIX karni, da lake bushe sake (a kan tsohon Soviet maps ba za ka samu shi). Dukkan wadannan canje-canje dogara a kan samun ruwan Amu Darya tasa Sarikamish ko ba. Lokacin da tashar na kogin ya juya zuwa cikin Aral Sea, da lake bushe.

A Soviet sau, shimfiɗã ta na yankin tsakiyar Asiya jamhuriyoyin rufe auduga plantations. A kaka da kuma hunturu, wadannan plantations aka sosai wanke ta amfani da musamman tsarin na ban ruwa canals. Ruwa a sakamakon wannan tsari yana tafiya ne tare da cikakken cutarwa abubuwa wanke daga cikin ƙasa. Yi amfani da "flushing" ruwa karkatar da cikin hamada da kuma inda ba wanda yake zaune yankunan, inda a kan lokaci kafa da yawa m ruwaye. Daya daga cikinsu shi a tafkin Sarykamysh.

Ciko Sarykamysh ciki ya faru a cikin 70s na karshe karni. A shekarar 1977, yankin na lake surface ya 1500 sq. km, kuma ta karshen 80s da shi ya karu zuwa 3,000 murabba'in mita. km. Yau Sarykamysh total yanki ne game da 5 dubu square. km.

Muhalli al'amurran da suka shafi Lake

Ta yaya mutanen da amfani Sarykamysh lake a yau? A gaskiya, kome. A gaskiya, tun shekara ta 1971, ta tasa da aka cika da guba abubuwa (sunadarai da magungunan kashe qwari), kurkura tare da auduga plantation. Da yawa daga cikin su sun tara a cikin tafkin a lokacin duk da wannan lokaci - ba daya ne yanzu iya ce shakka ba. Duk da haka, a wasu yankunan Sarykamysh da raya kama kifi.

The lake ba saukin m, kuma ta gaba inda ba wanda yake zaune. Daga yamma da kuma gabas a kan bãyan tẽkun sanyi overhang larvae (ledges) Ustyurt da kuma arewa fuskanci cikinta toshe Karabaur ridges. A gefen kudu na bakin tafkin ne fringed Sands na Karakum hamada. Haka kuma, a yankunan da yawa (saboda ruwa matakin hawa da sauka) ƙirin zama m Marsh.

Wani tsanani matsalar Sarykamysh lake - shi ya karu da gwargwado na ruwanta. Ta yanzu a matakin 15-20 ppm da kuma girma.

A shekarar 2013, Turkmenistan kaddamar da wani m aikin don ƙirƙirar a sararin wucin gadi lake Altyn Asyr. Domin wannan aikin daga baitulmalin na jihar an kasaftawa $ 4.5 biliyan. Game da 50% na ruwa inflow a cikin gaba lake ba a tashar-da yawa cewa ciyarwar da lake kuma Sarikamis. Abin da zai faru ga jiki na ruwa a nan gaba, a dangane da aiwatar da "zinariya" na aikin, ba wanda ya san domin tabbatar.

Sarykamysh lake dodo

A iri-iri sufi labaru da Legends na Lake Sarykamysh fara rayayye da za a haife shi a cikin tsakiyar 70s. Kamar yadda ya zuwa yanzu kamar yadda su ne gaskiya - wuya a ce. Amma a kan notoriety na wuri jita-jita, kẽwayãwa a ko'ina cikin tarayyar Soviet.

Saboda haka, gogaggen masunta gaya mana cewa fished a cikin tafkin m, kuma m kifi. Dayansu samu a kan ta gaba smoothly gnawed skeletons saiga. Wane ne zai iya ta bar su? Saboda mafarauta taba yanka ta baki ganima ne don haka tsabta da kuma shirya.

Daga baya, a cikin kusanci da Sarıkamış mutane suka fara saduwa da babbar kuma m dodo, kamar ko kada, ko a kan wani duba lizard. Wadannan yara tare da manyan zagaye idanu ba zato ba tsammani tsalle daga cikin yashi da farmaki m makiyaya, matafiya, masunta da masana kimiyya.

Sarikamish Karkidon

Local dodanni popularly lakabi Karkidon. Mafi sau da yawa Sarykamysh "Chupacabra" da aka bayyana a matsayin mai kada tare da m wutsiya da sosai tsawon kafafu. A jikin tsawon na dodo kai mita biyu (a rabin mita fadi a kan dabba ta wutsiya).

Karkidon kagaggun ci saiga irin gada, da tumaki, da mouflon. Wani lokaci su kai hari da kuma mutanen da. Mutane da yawa zaci cewa wadannan dodanni sun taso a sakamakon maye gurbi na launin toka kadangaru sa da babbar allurai da magungunan kashe qwari.

Suke can Karkidon gaske? Ko kuwa ta kawai daya daga cikin m Legends? Yanzu wuya a ce, saboda babu gwaji da su zama ba. An yi imani da cewa al'adar Karkidon aka warware a asirce da haɗuwa da Politburo a 1978. Tsaftacewa da wuri daga rikidaddu da za'ayi a asirce, tare da hannu na soja. Duk da yake yana yiwuwa 'yan mutane ajiye domin kara nazari.

ƙarshe

Sarykamysh lake - mafi girma a landlocked jiki na ruwa a Asiya ta tsakiya, a kan iyakar Uzbekistan da kuma Turkmenistan. Ta ƙarshe lokacin da lake tasa da aka cika a 70-ies karni na karshe. Tare da ruwa a cikinsa samu babban adadin abubuwa masu cutarwa da aikin gona da plantations, juya guba gishiri lake sump.