Kwangijin Koryakskaya: bayanin, tarihi. Tsarin wuta a Kamchatka

A yau, masu bincike na Kamchatka ba su samo yarjejeniya kan yawan tsaunuka ba a duniya. Wasu sun gaskata cewa babu fiye da mutum ɗari, wasu sun tabbata cewa akwai dubban su. Za'a iya kwatanta irin wannan ƙididdiga ta hanyoyi daban-daban game da batun: ba dukan tsaunuka a Kamchatka suna aiki, yawancin basu nuna aikin su a yau, sabili da haka an dauke su kawai duwatsu.

Duk da haka, kwararru sunyi la'akari da kalmar "dutsen mai fitattun wuta" don zama dangi. Abinda ake nufi shi ne dutsen dutsen mai aiki idan an sami shaida cewa ya dushe. Kuma yana iya faruwa shekara ɗari da dubu dubu da suka wuce.

Koryakskaya Sopka wani dutsen mai fitad da wuta ne a Kamchatka, kilomita 25 zuwa arewacin Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky. An kira shi a matsayin ɓarna.

Kwangijin Koryakskaya: Ina dutsen tsawa?

Bayan shekaru masu yawa na kallo da bincike, masana kimiyya sun yanke shawarar cewa wannan dutsen mai tsabta ya fara samuwa a cikin tsohuwar, ko kuma wajen, a lokacin zamanin Upper Pleistocene. Da farko, a kan shafin yanar gizon duniyar duniyar yanzu, tsaunin tsaunuka ya bayyana, tsawon kilomita biyu da rabi, wanda a cikin marigayi Pleistocene ya sami mazugi na zamani. Ya ƙunshi basaltic-andesite da kumaesite lavas.

Tarihin Tarihi

A kan taswirar zamani, ana samun sunan Koryakskaya Sopka. Amma wannan sunan aman wuta da ba ko da yaushe. A karni na 17, mashahurin masanin Kamchatka, S. P. Krasheninnikov, a cikin bincikensa ya kira dutsen mai suna Turning Hill.

Yan unguwa daga kewaye kauyuka samu a wadannan wurare volcanic gilashi. An yi amfani dashi a rayuwar yau da kullum, musamman, don samar da arrowheads. Wannan zai iya bayyana dalilin da ya sa ya sami sunansa na biyu daga wannan dutsen mai suna Kamchatka.

Mafi yawa daga baya, a cikin karni na XIX, mazaunin gida, suna yawo da garken tumaki - Koryaks, suka kafa wani wuri a gindin dutsen, wanda suka fara kiran "Koryak". Saboda haka, ana kiran dutsen Koryakskaya Sopka. An gyara da kuma kiyaye shi zuwa zamaninmu.

Kundakskaya volcano: bayanin

Dutsen tsaunuka yana cikin ɓangaren tsarin Koryak-Avacha kuma yana a cikin kudancin gabas. A waje shi ne siffar kaya na yau da kullum. A wani rana mai duhu yana kallo Koryakskaya Sopka, wanda tsawo ya kai mita 3,456.

Mene ne abin banmamaki game da kullun?

Hannun wannan giant ne babban circus da diamita na fiye da mita biyar a gabas da arewacin dutsen, daga inda manyan manyan glaciers suka sauko a kan flanks da wani yanke. A cikin irinsa, dutsen mai tsabta yana nufin stratovolcanoes. Kayansa yana kunshe da basalt da kuma inesite, da kuma ash da lada.

Ya kamata a lura cewa dutse yana da babban kusurwa mai zurfi - har zuwa digiri ashirin a kasa kuma har zuwa digiri talatin da biyar a saman. Kamfanin na Kamchatka yana da raguwa, wanda ba shi da kyau, yana fadada zuwa ƙananan furrows, wanda ya wanke ruwa mai gudu. Suna a bayyane bayyane, ko da cike da dusar ƙanƙara da kankara.

Crater

Gidan fasahar wutar lantarki na zamani shine a cikin yammacin taron. Yawanta yana da mita biyu. An ɓacewa da ƙarancin ɓangaren da yake ciki a baya. Wani tsohuwar dutsen yana tsaye a arewacin taron, inda ake kiyaye circus, fiye da mita dari a zurfin da mita biyar na diamita. Yanzu an shafe shi da wani gilashi.

Dukan sassan arewacin dutsen mai tsabta yana rufe shi da snowfields da glaciers. Sun miƙa zuwa ƙafa na kilomita hudu. Kuma ƙananan tuddai na tudun an rufe shi da manyan gandun daji, wanda ya kunshi dutse birch da cedar stlanica. Har yanzu, wannan dutsen mai tsabta a Kamchatka yana aiki, kodayake girmansa ba daidai ba ne daidai da mummunar ɓangaren.

Yankunan da aka kare

Kundaksky dutsen mai kamchatka Koryaksky yana cikin wuraren da aka kare musamman:

• Gidan shakatawa na "Nalychevo", a shekarar 1996, an rubuta a kan jerin abubuwan tarihi na UNESCO;
• Yankin jihar (nazarin halittu) "Gidan tsaunuka uku", wanda aka halicce shi a cikin 1994 don kare marmot mai baƙar fata, tumaki mai dusar ƙanƙara, squirrel na kasa da kuma haramta wa dabbobi da tsuntsaye farauta.

Ayyukan Volcanic

Kundakskaya Sopka dutsen dutsen ba shi da cikakken bincike sosai. Duk da haka, masana kimiyya sun gano cewa a cikin shekaru 7,000 da suka gabata an sami fitina bakwai a taron - a 5050, 1950 da 1550 BC, kuma a 1890, 1926 da 1956. An rubuta sabon aikin a shekarar 2008. Mazauna mazaunin sun lura da tsarkewar hayaki da kuma ash a gangaren yamma. A sakamakon haka, gunkin ash ya mika fiye da kilomita 100.

Rushewar 1926 ya kwanciyar hankali. Babu wani fashewa, daga cikin tarin da aka kwarara sosai a hankali. Harshen na biyu, wanda ya fara a shekara ta 1956, yafi aiki sosai. Masana sun ce abu ne mai ban tsoro a yanayi. Daga rata wanda aka kafa, wanda yake kimanin mita ɗari biyar ne, kuma nisan kimanin mita goma sha biyar, sashin ash da iskar gas ya tashi har zuwa mita dubu bakwai da ɗari bakwai. Ba a taɓa yin tasiri ba.

Har ila yau, mamakin mazauna garin Koryakskaya Sopka a shekarar 2008. Wani sabon saki na gas da ash ya kirkiro wani tsararren da ya shimfiɗa don dubban kilomita. Amma tsirewar bayan wannan bai bi ba. Duk da cewa dutsen mai tsabta yana da wuya a aiki, an haɗa shi a cikin jerin tsaunuka mai tsabta na shekaru goma. Tun daga shekarar 1996, ya shiga jerin ma'aunin birane goma sha shida da Hukumar IAEA ta yi nazarin. Ana la'akari da su mafi haɗari saboda kusanci da ƙauyuka.

Mazauna mazauna sun lura da aikin dutsen mai tsabta sosai, sun kira shi kawai "Koryak", kuma lokacin da yake ƙyatarwa - suna cewa tudun yana shan taba. Snowboarders sun dogon lura da narkewa glaciers, wanda aka located a kan kunya, wanda kawai ya tabbatar da aiki. Daga tsaunuka, shahararrun maɓuɓɓugar ruwa mai suna Paratunsky.

Kundakskaya volcano: hawan

Yanzu dutsen mai fitattun wuta yana hutawa. A gangarensa akwai matuka uku na gas na fumarolic, wanda a cikin shekaru daban-daban zafin jiki ya kai +273 ° C. Kwanakin tsaunuka Koryaksky yana shahararrun masu hawa. Dutsen tsaunuka na kan dutse yana da wuyar hawa, yana bukatar horo da fasaha. Abin takaici, da dama masu cin nasara a kan dutsen dutse sun mutu a nan, wanda ya fi ƙarfin ikon su.

A matsayinka na mulkin, kudancin tsaunin Koryaksky, wanda ke da alamar gari, saboda kudancin dutse, zurfin masanan ba su dame masu yawon shakatawa ba, kuma? Abin farin cikin, ba ya tsara hawan taro, kamar yadda, misali, a taron Avachinsky makwabta.

Masu nasara na farko na dutsen mai fitattun wuta

An yi imanin cewa, wanda ya fara cin nasara a taron koli na Koryak da kuma likita na Rasha "Alexander" - F. V. Stein. Wannan hawan ya faru a ƙarshen Satumba 1821. Bisa ga takardun da suka tsira, an sani cewa a karni na XX wanda ya fara hawa wannan dutsen mai tsabta a 1934, jagoran jarida daga Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky - Steblich ya jagoranci.

Shekaru hudu bayan haka mace ta farko ta lashe taro - Polina Sushkova. Shekaru bakwai bayan haka, wannan jarumiyar mace ta kusan fadi a ƙarƙashin hasken wutar lantarki na Avachinsky, wanda ya faru a Fabrairu 1945.

Dutsen dutsen yana da kilomita talatin daga Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky. Zuwa gaɓarta ya bambanta a cikin rukunin hanyoyin hanyoyi - daga 1B zuwa 3A. Masu hawan gwaninta masu kwarewa sun yi imanin cewa hawa hawa ba na da wuya. Duk da haka, ana nuna nauyin kayan jiki ta jiki saboda bambancin tsayi.

An fara samo asali daga sansanin sansanin, daga inda aka tura 'yan wasan zuwa hanya. An samo shi a tsawon mita tara. Hawan sama zuwa saman za a iya cika a cikin kwanaki ɗaya ko biyu. Hanyar da ya fi tsayi ya fi dacewa, duk da haka, yana da nasarorin da ba shi da amfani. Da farko dai, yana damu da buƙatar tayi sama da mita fiye da dubu biyu na barci, alfarwa, mai ƙona, abinci da ruwa.

Hawan kan rana daya, yana daukan fiye da goma sha ɗaya zuwa sha biyu. Ruwa yakan yi sauri, a cikin kimanin hudu zuwa biyar. Lokaci mafi kyau don hawa dutsen Koryak dutsen dutsen mai hawa dutsen yayi la'akari da lokacin daga tsakiyar watan Afrilu zuwa karshen Yuni. A wannan lokaci babu sanyi mai tsananin sanyi, kuma dukkanin abubuwan da suka shafi damuwa da dutsen dutsen har yanzu ana rufe su da barkewar dusar ƙanƙara.

Bugu da ƙari, a wannan lokaci, yana da saukin saukowa daga dutsen mai fitattun wuta a kan kankara ko skis. Hawan mutane zasu iya hawan sama da suke da haɓaka na farko a dutsen - don su iya tafiya a cikin gungu, don yin amfani da kankara da ƙura. Muhimmiyar mahimmancin jiki. Masu hawan gwaninta masu dadi sun bayar da shawarar cewa farawa da farko sun gwada hannunsu a tsaunin tsaunin Avachinsky, wanda girmanta yana da mita 2751.

A kan hanyar da 'yan wasan ke aikawa daga wannan sansanin. Don ƙwanƙwirar Avachinsky na farawa wani gwaji ne da kuma horarwa mai kyau, kafin hawan hawan.

Kada ka manta game da kayan aiki na musamman, ba tare da abin da a cikin duwatsu ba zai iya yin ba. Ga jerin abubuwan da ake bukata:

• Jakar barci;
• Alfarwa;
• Cats da kankara;
• Safofin hannu mai zafi;
• Girke jaket;
• Mask fuska (don kariya daga iska);
• Safofin haske;
• Alamar katako;
• Pants sanya daga membrane fabric;
• Thermosetting;
• Takalma;
• Snowboard ko kayan motsa jiki (lokacin da ake shirin saukowa daga dutsen mai fitattun wuta),
• Thermos (1 lita);
• Sunglasses;
• Abun lurawa;
• Sunscreen.

Yadda za a samu can?

Tare da birane na Rasha, Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky yana haɗin sadarwa da iska. Yelizovo Airport, abin da hidima a cikin birni ne na kasa da kasa. Daga cikin jiragen sama na yau da kullum zuwa garuruwan Rasha masu yawa ne: (Vladivostok, Moscow, Khabarovsk, St. Petersburg, Magadan, Krasnoyarsk, Novosibirsk da sauransu). Bugu da kari, gudu cikin gida iska a Ust-Kamchatsk, Ozernovsky, Palani, Nikolskoye (Kwamandan Islands), Ossorio. Daga wurare na Mokhovaya, Avacha, Nagorny, Dolynovka zuwa dutsen mai tsabta za a iya kai su ta hanyar bashi na yau da kullum.

Bisa ga sake dubawa na duk wadanda suka ga Koryaksky hill, suna farin ciki tare da kyawawan ƙarancin jiki da iko. Hasken dutsen yana samar da babbar ra'ayi har ma a kan wajan da ba su hawa, don haka idan kana da dama don ziyarci Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, tabbas za ku ziyarci tudu.