Kwamfuta cibiyar sadarwa yarjejeniya da aka musamman tsara hanyar da kwakwalwa 'sadarwa' ta cikin cibiyar sadarwa

Lalle ne, haƙĩƙa, mutane da yawa fahimci cewa kwakwalwa suna located in sassa daban daban na duniya, da kara quantitatively jima ko daga baya da zuwa "koyi" don sadarwa tare da juna da kuma zama iya gudanar da aiki tare. Irin wannan hanyar sadarwa sun zama kwamfuta cibiyoyin sadarwa, waxanda suke da gida da kuma duniya. Kamar yadda na gida yankin networks - cewa shi ne networks cewa connect kwakwalwa located a takaice nisa daga juna, misali, a cikin wannan gini. The aiki na wani WAN ne dangane da cibiyoyin sadarwa da kwakwalwa, rabu da sararin nisa - daruruwa da dubban kilomita. The most duniya cibiyar sadarwa a duniya ne Internet.

Ko da fahimtar da msar tambayar tushe na networks, sau da yawa ba ya bayar da wani mutum da damar ci gaba da wani fairly sauki magana: kwamfuta cibiyar sadarwa yarjejeniya ne ... Ga kokarin fahimtar abin da su ne cibiyar sadarwa ladabi da kuma abin da suke bukata. Kamar lura, kwamfuta cibiyar sadarwa yarjejeniya ne a muhimman hakkokin batu, wanda ya sa ya yiwu don tsara sadarwa a tsakanin kwakwalwa, ko na nesa da ya raba su.

Gaskiyar cewa sauki dangane da daya kwamfuta zuwa wani - wani mataki zama dole don ƙirƙirar kwamfuta cibiyar sadarwa da cewa shi ne bai isa ba. Don yiwuwar yaduwar bayanai a cikin cibiyar sadarwa da aka sanya samuwa, shi wajibi ne cewa kwakwalwa "fahimta" juna. kwamfuta cibiyar sadarwa yarjejeniya da shi ne musamman tsara hanyar da kwakwalwa "magana" ta hanyar wani m daya cibiyar sadarwa zuwa wani "harshen". Bugu da kari, cibiyar sadarwa yarjejeniya ne mai sa na dokokin, manne ga wanda yana yiwuwa ya shirya da canja wurin bayanai tsakanin kwakwalwa.

Domin cikakken fahimta abin da yarjejeniya digress daga kwamfuta masana'antu. Ko da mutumin wanda ya taba fuskantar networks da Internet, ya gana da na'urorin, aiki na da kuma bisa wani musamman ɓullo da ladabi a cikin rayuwar yau da kullum. Alal misali, a al'ada tarho line, wanda aka yi amfani da duk, bisa wani mallakar tajirai yarjejeniya damar da na'ura na ƙayyade ko kau da salula a kan naúrar, wanda karɓa mai kira, don gane da gaskiyar na rabuwa, kazalika da mai kira ke lambar.

Da fatan, yanzu na fahimci dalilin da ya kwamfuta duniya da ake bukata na kowa harshe (kira yarjejeniya), bayyananne kowane kwamfuta a duniya.

Basic Internet ladabi gabatar TCP / IP, POP3, SMTP, FTP, HTTP, IMAP4, WAIS, Gorpher, WAP. Kowace daga cikin wadannan ladabi yi takamaiman ayyuka.

Ainihin yarjejeniya a kan Internet ne TCP / IP - yarjejeniya halitta da mafi kyau zukatan mutane. Daya daga cikin halitta na wannan yarjejeniya da aka Vinton Cerf. Yau, mutumin dauke "uban duniya cibiyar sadarwa." Yanzu Vinton Cerf aiki a matsayin Babban mataimakin shugaban kasar a cikin halitta, ya kuma ci gaba da Internet gine Corporation MCI WorldCom Inc.

Aiki a kan Control yarjejeniya da Transmission layinhantsaki / na yanar-gizo layinhantsaki (watau TCP / IP) da aka kammala a shekara ta 1972, wani rukuni na developers karkashin jagorancin Vinton Cerf ne.

Da farko TCP / IP da aka ɓullo da ga Amurka Ma'aikatar Tsaro, amma sai da yarjejeniya ta outgrown da manufar da ya zama wani asali sa na dokoki da yarda da duniya Internet to samu saurin ci gaban. Bayan wannan yarjejeniya aiki kananan cibiyoyin sadarwa ta amfani da Internet fasahar - intranets. Yau, TCP / IP nagartacce ne bude ladabi da kuma ci gaba da inganta.

Ya kamata a lura cewa TCP / IP shi ne ainihin ba guda yarjejeniya, da asalinta - shi ne jerin ladabi da aiki tare. A yarjejeniya kunshi biyu yadudduka. Dalilin da babba Layer yarjejeniya - TCP, shi ne don tsara dace fasalin data cikin bayanai fakitoci cewa suna cimma rundunar kasa a matsayin dalilin da shiri na asali sako. A kan ƙananan matakin yarjejeniya - IP developers aza wajibi wajen saka idanu da daidai bayarwa na saƙonni zuwa ga makõma.