Kwamfuta ayyuka. Basic kwamfuta da su ayyuka

Yin amfani da kwamfuta da ake zama sananne ga zamani mutum. Duk da haka, ba kowane PC mai tunani game da abin da takamaiman aiki ya yi aikin da ya dace sarrafa kwamfuta na'urar. 'Yan masu amfani san abin da ƙayyadaddu daga cikin mutum hardware aka gyara daga kwamfutarka. Abin da funktsiiPK? Wanne hardware aka gyara an kunshe a cikin tsarin sirri kwamfuta?

Key siffofin na kwakwalwa

Abin da ake fasali na kwamfuta za a iya gano a matsayin key? Akwai da dama daga hanyoyin da definition. A ranar Laraba da Rasha IT-masana na kowa makirci, bisa ga abin da ayyuka na kwamfuta da aka nuna a cikin wadannan jerin:

• data aiki.
• data ajiya.
• motsi na bayanai;
• fayil management.

Yana iya lura da cewa, wadannan siffofin kullum ga kowa da kowa iri kwakwalwa. Modern rarrabuwa na sarrafa kwamfuta na'urorin nuna cewa su irin su da yawa. Akwai al'ada inji mai kwakwalwa, masana'antu kwakwalwa akwai, da waɗanda suke kunshe a cikin tsarin da hanyar sufuri. Hakika, kowane irin PC zai yi takamaiman ayyuka.

A cikin hali na mai amfani da kwakwalwa da shi yana iya zama, misali, aiki na graphics, rubutu, ko sauti. Aiki a kan-jirgin kwamfuta na soja jirgin sama - mai mutuwa na'urar management, gyaran ya dace da ta sunadaran. Dace bayani dalla-dalla masana'antu sarrafa kwamfuta na'urorin za a haɗa tare da bukatar a daidai yi da kayyade masana'antu yadda ake gudanar.

Bari mu bincika ƙayyadaddu na kowane da na kowa ayyuka ga dukan kwakwalwa da aka ambata a sama.

Aiki sarrafa kwamfuta: data aiki

Data aiki kwamfuta tsarin ya shafi daban-daban jiyya samar a hardware aka gyara daga cikin kwamfuta. Su aiwatar da mafi yawa ana tare da wani gagarumin sakamakon ga mai amfani: lõkacin da ta je inji mai kwakwalwa, wannan zai iya zama cikin halittar wani daftarin aiki ko yin gyara ga data kasance, a kan-allon nuni da wani bayani, shigarwa ko PC a cikin tattaunawa tare da mai amfani ta hanyar queries. kwamfuta mai shi, saboda haka, ya shafi bayanai aiki aiki a kan PC lokacin da samar, gyara da haifuwa na fayiloli.

data Storage

Basic kwamfuta ayyuka kuma sun hada da bayanan ajiya. Idan muka magana game da PC, an zaci su jeri a cikin nau'i na fayiloli da manyan fayiloli a kan musamman kafofin watsa labarai ga m amfani. Data ajiya dogara ne a kan ka'idojin da tsarin: shi facilitates m binciken na zama dole data. Fayiloli dake a kan kwamfutarka iya zama mai amfani - mallakar da mai shi, ko tsarin da halitta da kuma amfani da PC kanta.

motsi bayanai

PC aiki za a iya fassara a cikin hanyoyi daban-daban. Da farko, a karkashin dabba ba a kanta na bayanai lõkacin da ta je inji mai kwakwalwa, za a iya gane kamar yadda wani tsari a cikin abin da daya ko wasu fayil da aka kofe daga daya matsakaici zuwa wani (ko musanya da wuri zumunta zuwa ga wani ajali directory a cikin fayil tsarin). Wani magani ya shafi aiwatar da cewa bayanai da aka daukar kwayar cutar tsakanin daban-daban kwakwalwa: yin amfani da wayoyin dako (.. CD-ROM drive, flash tafiyarwa, da dai sauransu), ko kuma yanar-gizo, ko wani LAN.

fayil management

Wannan yanayin complements kowane daga cikin uku da aka ambata a sama. fayilolin gudanar kamar yadda bayani a kan magani mataki, kuma a gare adana ko a lokacin hijirar. The aiki a tambaya za a iya aiwatar da ko dai ta atomatik - a cikin wannan harka da kwamfuta kayyade dole lissafi mai tsauri, kazalika da kai tsaye sa hannu na mai amfani.

Bayan nazarin key fasali na kwamfuta kamar mai amfani da kayan aiki, ka yi la'akari da siffofin ta bangaren hardware. A wannan yanayin, zai zama wani sirri sarrafa kwamfuta na'urorin na zuwa da ake kira IBM-gine, ya fi kowa a duniya.

PC hardware aka gyara

Modern PC - kwamfuta gidaje kunsha da dama na'urorin. Technologically, kowanne daga abin da ya aikata mai zaman kanta aiki, amma aiki dabam daga sauran - da m amfani ga mai na PC - iya ba. Abin da aka gyara su ne ba a cikin tsarin da zamani kwakwalwa? Daga cikin wadanda:

• tsarin naúrar (wanda, bi da bi, suna located: wani processor, motherboard, RAM, rumbun kwamfutarka, video da sauti cards, cibiyar sadarwa da na'urorin, faifai tafiyarwa).
• saka idanu.
• Ikon nufin (keyboard, linzamin kwamfuta, da kuma analogs daga gare ta).
• na'urorin haɗi (firintocinku, Scanners, da sauransu. d.).

Dangane da sanyi na PC data aka gyara na iya zama daban raka'a ko zama guda hardware dandali. A farkon yanayin, da kwamfuta zai zama daga cikin irin "tebur" cewa ya kamata su haifar da wani ganiya wuri a kan tebur ba tare da m motsi daga wuri daya zuwa wani. A karo na biyu - da PC zai fi yiwuwa gina a cikin wani nau'i na kwamfutar tafi-da-gidanka. Akwai kuma wani tsaka-tsaki version na PC taro - a matsayin "monoblock". Yana hadawa kusan dukan da aka zaba hardware aka gyara, fãce ga controls - suna haɗe da kwamfuta dabam.

Wadannan su ne ainihin naúrar na kwamfuta. Su ayyuka ne don nazarin zai zama mai amfani, da kuma yana da - mu gaba aiki.

The ayyuka na PC aka gyara: processor

Processor - babban kwamfuta guntu kwamfuta. Matsayin mai mulkin, wannan ne mafi high-tech da tsada bangaren na wani PC. Sarrafawa domin inji mai kwakwalwa suna samuwa tare da kawai 'yan kamfanonin a duniya. Fiye da 90% na duniya kasuwar ne shagaltar da ƙungiya biyu - Intel da AMD. Babban bangaren na index of yi Pc - mita na ayyukan. A mafi yawa ana auna a gigahertz, ko GHz. A mafi girma da mita, cikin sauri guntu yi aikin dole lissafin.

Har ila yau, wani gagarumin nuna alama na processor yi - da yawan tsakiya. Da more, da karfi da m hardware bangaren. Abin da ake fasali na kwamfutarka processor za a iya kira a key? Za mu iya cewa su ne kullum kamar waɗanda yi da PC matsayin dukan: karža, motsi, ajiya, database, fayil management. A wannan hanya za mu iya gano muhimmancin da processor a kowane yanki na kwamfutarka.

motherboard

Motherboard - babbar PC guntu. Ta ce ke da alhakin hadawa da daban-daban hardware aka gyara daga kwamfutarka. A shi ne processor, rumbun kwamfutarka, memory, audio da video cards, cibiyar sadarwa da adaftan na'urorin. A ta wannan tsarin - babban tashoshi da cewa tsara a layi na waje PC na'urorin haɗi. A motherboard, kazalika da processor yana gudun nuna alama, inda ya bayyana matsayin mita. Yawanci, da ya dace zaɓi ga irin hardware aka gyara shafi Figures suna fadin fiye da CPUs, kuma shi ba gyarawa a gigahertz, kuma a megahertz. Amma akwai ban. Akwai high-yi motherboards cewa aiki a mita bayyana ta kamar guda a gigahertz.

bazuwar damar ƙwaƙwalwar

PC RAM, ko RAM - wannan chipset, a cikin abin da wucin gadi jeri na dijital data a kwamfuta tafiyar matakai. Dace hanya, yawanci tana amfani da processor. Sauran muhimmanci ayyuka na kwamfuta ta memory - gabatarwa na m musayar bayanai tsakanin kwakwalwa, kazalika da halittar musamman hardware yanayi to load shirye-shirye. A musamman irin software za a iya gudu kawai idan PC ne free RAM.

girma - da babban nuna alama na wasan kwaikwayon na RAM. Abin da shi ne, da girma da darajar da bayanai iri-iri za a iya sanya shi a cikin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyar. Wani sashi na yi na daidai hardware bangaren, kamar yadda a yanayin saukan wani processor ko motherboard, - mita. A mafi girma shi ne, da sauri ƙwaƙwalwar aiki. Wani muhimmin nuna alama na wasan kwaikwayon na RAM - bandwidth. Ya nuna yadda da yawa daga cikin fayil za a iya sarrafa a cikin wani guntu na sa lokaci. Abin da shi ne, daidai hardware bangaren shi ne sauri. Da damar da memory, kazalika da sauran na'urorin, wanda shi ne halayyar wannan halayyar da aka bayyana a cikin megabits da na biyu, da kuma high-yi model - gigabits da na biyu. Kalmar "bandwidth" tana da yawan ma'ana - misali, "Channel kudi" (ko "bas", "ramummuka", "tashar jiragen ruwa").

Yana iya lura cewa processor, motherboard da memory - na'urorin da suke da su a wasu har alhakin gaskiyar yadda azumi a PC zai yi aiki da kuma yadda kyau zai gudu na asali ayyuka na kwamfuta. Idan cika Manuniya dacewa hardware aka gyara su ne low, a cimma karuwa da shiga da tsarin, shi ne wuya PC gudun a kudi na wasu na'urorin. Duk da haka, da suka da dũkiyõyinsu ma suna da muhimmanci daga ra'ayi na aiwatar da zama dole ayyuka na PC. Ka yi la'akari da ƙayyadaddu daga wadannan aka gyara.

rumbunka

Hard drive - a na'urar tsara don m jeri fayiloli. Saboda haka, a key bangaren cikin sharuddan kwamfuta aiki a matsayin data ajiya. The wuya faifai bayanai da aka sanya a kan ka'idodin da aka ayyana a cikin fayil tsarin amfani da PC.

Babban nuna alama na yi rahoto hardware bangaren - ƙarar. Abin da shi ne, da mafi muhimmanci shi ne darajar wani tsararru na fayiloli cewa za a iya sanya a kan rumbunka. Wani muhimmin nuna alama daga cikin aikin wannan bangaren - kamar yadda a cikin hali na RAM, wannan bandwidth. A mafi girma shi ne, da sauri da bayanai da aka karanta da kuma rubuta da wuya faifai, wanda yana da wani kai tsaye sakamako a kan gudun kwamfutarka.

Video katin da kuma duba

Idan kun tuna, abin da ayyuka suna yi da kwamfuta na zuwa category na sirri kwamfuta na'urorin, da farko ƙungiya mu iya tashi daga graphics aiki. PC aka yi amfani a matsayin kayan aiki domin samar da da kuma gyara images, fina-finai, images daga kwamfuta wasanni da warware wasu irin ayyuka. Key hardware aka gyara da alhakin nasara aiwatar da ayyuka na Game da PC - katin da kuma duba. Na biyu na'urar ne ke da alhakin gani nuni bayanai a wani nau'i m ga mai amfani. Babban halaye na duba - diagonal da ƙuduri. Game da farko wani zaɓi - shi duka ya dogara da kayadadden fifiko na mai amfani. duba ƙuduri, bi da bi, dole ne isasshe high cewa graphics kasance daga high quality kuma bayyana.

A video katin ne ke da alhakin graphics aiki da kuma nuna shi a kan allo. Wannan na'urar da aka located, yawanci a kan motherboard. Amma a wasu PC model, fi a kwamfyutocin, da m guntu ne hadedde tare da processor, da cewa shi ne, shi ne wani bangaren na hardware bangaren. Babban halayyar video - bandwidth. A mafi girma shi ne, mafi yawan image data m ga hardware bangaren iya aiwatar. Wani muhimmin halayyar da video katin - ne adadin gina-a ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyar da ita.

sauti

PC Features sau da yawa sun hada da audio aiki. A key hardware bangaren da alhakin bayani na irin wannan matsaloli - sauti katin. An yafi located a kan motherboard a matsayin mai raba na'urar. Amma akwai wani sauti da cewa an gina a cikin most PC guntu. Basic yi halaye m hardware bangaren - ƙarfin sigina da daukan samfur mita. A farko siga da aka auna a decibels, ko DB, na biyu - mafi sau da yawa a cikin kilohertz, ko kHz. The sama biyu halaye - da mafi alheri da sauti da cewa za a buga kwamfuta.

sadarwar na'urorin

Mafi zamani kwakwalwa aiki a cibiyoyin sadarwa - game da gida inji mai kwakwalwa, sa'an nan m shi aka zaci su da wani Internet connection. Ciniki inji mai kwakwalwa, kazalika da wasu gida, ba shakka, za su iya ma ta samar da wata gida yankin cibiyar sadarwa.

Fili kwamfuta tare da sauran sarrafa kwamfuta na'urorin da Game da hardware aka gyara. Mafi sau da yawa, da cibiyar sadarwa adaftan - guntu sanya, a motherboard ko kamar yadda a cikin hali na audio katin, wani lokacin gina a cikin shi. Don shi iya haɗa wani na USB daga ISP kuma, da ita da samar da damar yin amfani da Internet kwamfuta.

Mutane da yawa zamani cibiyar sadarwa da adaftan na'urorin iya aiki ba tare da wayoyi - via Wi-Fi fasaha. A wannan yanayin, da kwamfuta da aka farko da aka haɗa a waya na'ura mai ba da hanya tsakanin hanyoyin sadarwa, ko na'ura mai ba da hanya tsakanin hanyoyin sadarwa, wanda a nuna za a iya kawota daga USB naka.

Akwai abin da ake kira mobile modems - na'urorin da cewa suna da alaka da PC kullum ta hanyar daya daga cikin tashoshin jiragen ruwa na motherboard ne iya kawo kwamfuta ta yanar-gizo via mobile da sadarwarka cibiyar sadarwa. Wannan shi ne a cikin su ne SIM-katin da da mai shi ya zana har da wannan ofishin sadarwarka musamman jadawalin kuɗin fito domin yin amfani da Internet.

Babban halayyar duk cibiyar sadarwa da na'urorin - bandwidth. A mafi girma shi ne, da sauri, misali, don sauke fayiloli daga Intanit.

PC Gudanarwa: Keyboard da kuma linzamin kwamfuta

Mai yiwuwa rundunar PC management kayan aiki - da keyboard. The m amfani da sarrafa kwamfuta na'urar ba tare da wuya matuƙa. Babban ayyuka na cikin kwamfuta keyboard: Input rubutu data, kazalika da bayar da mai amfani da hulda da PC ta hanyar aika a kwamfuta tsarin musamman sakonni da mutum keys ko haduwa daga gare ta. Shiga wannan na'urar fi to daya daga cikin tashoshin jiragen ruwa na motherboard. Amma akwai kuma mara waya na'urorin haɗi na dace da irin. A takamaiman ayyuka na kwamfuta keyboard keys za a iya kaddara ta amfani, ko da yake akwai wani yawan} asashen duniya, wanda na'urar masana'antun, kazalika da masu goyon baya da fasahar kwamfuta, a general, kokarin dabbakawa to.

A mafi yawan lokuta, da PC keyboard ne complemented wasu na'urorin haɗi - wani linzamin kwamfuta. An tsara don tallafa a hannu na mai amfani da kwamfuta albarkatun da kuma hanzarta da bayani na wasu matsaloli. Linzamin kwamfuta sun fi mayar da duplicates cikin ayyukan kwamfuta keyboard - da kyau, ta hanyar dace ƙungiyoyi iya ba ka PC ko wani tawagar. Kazalika da m jerin takamaiman ayyuka yi da wani linzamin kwamfuta (msl, iko da wasan hali a cikin game) iya yi ta amfani da keyboard.

Key aka gyara na kwamfuta da su ayyuka, mun koya. Amma akwai yalwa da na'urorin haɗi da cewa gaba da asali hardware aka gyara na PC. Ka yi la'akari da ƙayyadaddu daga cikin na kowa - firintocinku da Scanners. Sun saya da yawa masu amfani lokaci guda tare da sayan kwamfuta.

PC na'urorin haɗi: firintocinku da Scanners

Duk da cewa wadannan kwamfuta na'urorin da su ayyuka ne daban-daban, suna da yawa dauke a cikin wannan mahallin. Wannan shi ne m: The printer kwafi da bayanai daga PC zuwa takarda, Scanners - a kan akasin haka, shi ne ya gabatar a cikin kwamfuta, da juya daga takarda zuwa dijital form. Akwai hardware aka gyara da hada aiki firintocinku da Scanners, - Multi-aiki na'urorin, ko MFP. Kamar yadda mai mulkin, suka kuma yana da wani aiki da copier.

Irin wannan ne bayani dalla-dalla na aiki na zamani na sirri kwamfuta na'urorin. A yau makarantu, suka sukan yi karatu yara farkon zamanai. Mutane da yawa zamani malamai yi imani da cewa mafi kyau duka shekaru category na yaro wanda bukatar ya san da key fasali na kwamfuta - Grade 3. Computer armashi, a da yawa daga yau makarantu a matsayin mafi muhimmanci abu da cewa dole ne ka Master da yara.