Kashi matsayin sashin jiki: tsarin, Properties, ayyuka,

Kashi matsayin jiki sashi daga cikin tsarin na gabobin da motsi da kuma goyon baya, kuma ta haka ne ya bambanta gaba daya musamman siffar da kuma tsarin, fairly hankula architectonic jijiyoyi da jini. Yana da aka gina yafi na musamman kashi nama cewa an rufe wajen periosteum, kuma a ciki qunshi bargo.

key siffofin

Kowane kashi a matsayin sashin jiki yana da wani size, siffar da wuri a cikin jikin mutum. Duk wannan ƙwarai rinjayi yanayi daban-daban a cikin abin da suka ne masu tasowa, kazalika da daban-daban aikin lodi samu kasusuwa ga mutum kwayoyin.

Duk wani ƙasũsuwa ayan wani adadin jinin samar da kafofin, gaban takamaiman shafukan da su location, kazalika da fairly hankula architectonic tasoshin. Duk wadannan siffofin ne daidai wannan tambaya ga jijiyoyi da cewa innervate kashi.

tsarin

Kashi matsayin sashin jiki ya hada da wasu yadudduka da suke a wasu dangantaka, amma, ba shakka, mafi muhimmanci daga cikinsu shine lamellar kashi nama tsarin wanda za a iya dauke da wani misali na diaphysis (tsakiyar sashen, jiki) dogon tubular ƙasũsuwa.

Babban ɓangare na shi ne dake tsakanin ciki da kuma m faranti da kewaye ne da wani sa na gusset faranti da osteons. A karshen ne a tsarin da kuma aikin naúrar na kashi da aka gani a cikin na musamman tsoka samfurori ko bakin ciki sassan.

Waje da wani kashi ne kewaye da dama yadudduka na kowa, ko janar records, wanda suke kai tsaye a karkashin periosteum. Bayan wadannan yadudduka an qware perforating tashoshi da cewa dauke da wannan sunan jini. A iyakar da medullary rami na dogon ƙasũsuwa dauke da wani ƙarin Layer kewaye ciki faranti soke da wani jam'i na daban-daban tashoshi, fadada Kwayoyin.

Medullary rami gaba daya sahu tare da abin da ake kira endosteum wakiltar wani musamman bakin ciki Layer da connective nama, wanda ya hada da m mĩƙe osteogenic Kwayoyin.

osteons

Osteon wakilta concentrically shirya kashi faranti cewa kama cylinders na daban-daban diameters nested cikin juna da kuma kewaye Haversian canal, ta hanyar da daban-daban jijiyoyi da jini. A mafi yawan lokuta m osteons dlinniku shirya a layi daya zuwa kashi, a cikinsa mahara juna anostomoziruya.

A total number of osteons ne mutum ga kowane mutum kashi. Saboda haka, misali, da femur , kamar yadda jiki ƙunshi su a cikin wani adadin 1.8 per 1 mm², da rabo daga Haversian canal a cikin wannan harka lissafinsu 0.2-0.3 mm².

Tsakanin osteons ne tsaka-tsaki, ko kuma intercalated farantin mikawa a duk inda kuma da ke cikin sauran ɓangare na haihuwa osteons wanda aka riga hallaka. A tsarin da kashi kamar yadda jiki na samar da akai akai matakai na halaka da kuma sabon samuwar osteons.

Kashi faranti da siffar cylinders, kuma osseinovye fibrils dab da juna suka tam da layi daya. Tsakanin faranti aka shirya kwance concentrically osteocytes. Matakai na kashi Kwayoyin da kuma shimfidawa hankali a kan m tubules, motsi zuwa ga makwabta-zangarniya osteocytes kuma suna da hannu a cikin cell-cell sadarwa. Kamar haka suka kafa spatially daidaitacce lacunary-canalicular tsarin samun kai tsaye da hannu a daban-daban na rayuwa tafiyar matakai.

Osteon abun da ke ciki hada da fiye da 20 daban-daban concentric kashi faranti. Ƙasusuwansu sun shige daya ko biyu tasoshin microvasculature osteon ta hanyar tashar, kazalika da daban-daban unmyelinated jijiya zaruruwa da kuma musamman Lymph capillaries, wanda suna tare da yadudduka na connective sako-sako da nama, ciki har da osteogenic daban-daban abubuwa kamar osteoblasts, perivascular Kwayoyin da yawa wasu.

osteons tashoshi da isasshe m lamba tare da juna da kuma da medullary rami da periosteum saboda gaban na musamman probozhdayuschih tashoshi, wanda na taimaka wa sauran kashi anastomosing tasoshin.

periosteum

A tsarin da kashi matsayin jiki yakan haifar da cewa shi ne externally ta rufe musamman periosteum, wanda aka kafa daga fibrous connective nama da kuma yana da wani m da ciki Layer. Last hada cambial progenitor Kwayoyin.

Babban ayyuka sun hada da periosteum da hannu a farfadowa, kazalika da bayar da kariya da kuma trophic aiki, wanda aka samu a nan ta wucewa daban-daban jini. Saboda haka, jini da kashi mu'amala.

Mene ne ayyuka na periosteum

A periosteum ne kusan gama maida hankali ne akan m ɓangare na kashi, da kuma kawai togiya a nan su ne wuraren da akwai articular guringuntsi, kazalika da tsayayyen jijiya ko tsoka agara. Shi ne ya kamata a lura da cewa, da taimakon da jini da kashi periosteum iyakance ta da kewaye nama.

A kanta shi ne musamman bakin ciki, amma a lokaci guda, da karfi film wanda aka hada da musamman m connective nama, wanda aka located a cikin Lymph da jini da kuma jijiyoyi. Shi ne ya kamata a lura da cewa na karshe shiga cikin kashi abu saboda periosteum. Ko da kuwa ko dauke hanci kashi, ko wasu sauran, periosteum yana da quite wani babban tasiri a kan ci gaban tafiyar matakai a cikin kauri da kuma iko.

A ciki Layer na osteogenic shafi ne da farko wuri a wadda kashi ne kafa, da kuma a kanta shi a yalwace innervated da ke shafar ta ji na ƙwarai. Idan kashi ne hana periosteum, ƙarshe shi ceases ya zama mai yiwuwa da kuma cikakken sphacelating. Lokacin gudanar da wani m shisshigi a kan kashi, kamar samu karaya, da periosteum dole ne a kiyaye ba tare da kasa, don tabbatar da su al'ada girma da kuma ci gaba da kiwon lafiya.

Sauran zane fasali

Kusan duk wani kashi (sai ga manyan rinjaye na girman kwanyar, wanda ya hada da hanci kashi) da articular surface, wanda aka bayar da su sanarwa akan abinda tare da sauran. Irin wannan saman maimakon na periosteum akwai wani musamman hadin gwiwa guringuntsi, wanda a da tsarin ne fibrous ko hyaline.

Tu mafi fifiko ga bargo da aka located, wanda aka sanya a tsakanin faranti ne spongy abu ko kai tsaye a cikin medullary kogo, da kuma shi yana iya zama rawaya ko ja.

A neonates da tayi a cikin kashi ne ba na musamman ja bargo, wanda shine hematopoietic da kuma wakiltar wani taro yi kama, cikakken kafa abubuwa na jini, kazalika da musamman reticular nama. Red bargo ƙunshi manyan yawan osteocytes, kashi Kwayoyin. A girma daga ja kashi mozag ne game 1500 cc.

An adult wanda ya riga ya faru da girma da kashi, ja bargo ne a hankali maye gurbinsu da rawaya, wakilta, yafi da musamman mai Kwayoyin, yayin da dama ne ya kamata a lura da cewa maye gurbin gaba ɗaya da bargo, wanda aka located a cikin medullary canal.

osteology

A cewa yana da wani kwarangwal na mutum, yadda kashi Fusion, da kuma wani kwarara matakai hade tare da su, tsunduma a osteology. A daidai yawan gawarwakin da aka bayyana a cikin mutane ba za a iya ƙaddara da yaƙĩni, domin shi ya canjãwa a lokacin da tsufa. 'Yan mutane gane cewa daga yara zuwa tsufa a cikin mutane ne kullum faruwa kashi raunuka, nama mutuwa da kuma wasu matakai. A general, cikin rayuwa iya ci gaba fiye da 800 daban-daban fitar kasusuwan jikinsu abubuwa, 270 daga wanda - ko da a utero.

Shi ne ya kamata a lura da cewa mafi yawan su suna da Fused da juna, yayin da mutum yake a cikin shimfiɗar jariri, da kuma samartaka. A adult mutum kwarangwal ƙunshi a total na 206 ƙasũsuwa, wanda a Bugu da kari ga m, a} uruciyarsa iya bayyana fickle dan lido, da ya faru na wanda aka sa by da dama mutum siffofin da kuma ayyuka na jiki.

kwarangwal

Ƙasusuwan da wata gabar jiki da kuma sauran sassa na jiki tare da sadarwa ta samar da wata mutum kwarangwal, wanda yake shi ne m sa na ilimin Halittar Jiki Tsarin, wanda a zaune kwayoyin zaton ma na musamman inji ayyuka. A wannan yanayin, kimiyyar zamani tsaye m kwarangwal cewa buga kanta kasũsuwa, ashe, da kuma taushi, wanda ya hada da dukan jijiyoyin, membranes da kuma musamman cartilaginous hadin gwiwa.

The mutum ƙasũsuwa da gidajen abinci, kazalika da mutum kwarangwal a matsayin dukan, yana iya zama a cikin jiki zuwa yi da dama ayyuka. Saboda haka, ƙashi na daga cikin ƙananan wata gabar jiki da kuma akwati ne, yafi zama mai taushi nama support, yayin da mafi yawan kasusuwa ne levers, kamar yadda tsokoki suna a haɗe zuwa gare su, samar da locomotor aiki. Dukansu siffofin ka damar rightfully ba ka kira wani kwarangwal gaba daya m kashi na mutum musculoskeletal tsarin.

Human kwarangwal wakiltar antigravity tsarin counteracting da karfi nauyi. Da yake karkashin tasirin da take da, jikin mutum yana zuwa da za a guga man da ƙasa, amma a kudi na siffofin da cewa kawo mutum Kwayoyin daga kashi da kuma kwarangwal a matsayin dukan, jiki siffar canje-canje ba faruwa.

kashi aiki

Ƙasusuwan kwanyar, kafafuwa da kuma gangar jikin samar da wani m aiki da daban-daban diyya muhimmanci gabobin, jijiya kututturan ko manyan tasoshin:

• kwanyar ne cikakken ganga ga ma'auni gabobin, gani, ji, da kuma kwakwalwa.
• kashin baya canal hada da laka.
• haƙarƙari keji kare huhu, zuciya da kuma manyan jijiyoyi da jini;
• pelvic ƙasũsuwa an kare daga lalacewa cikin mafitsara, dubura, kazalika da daban-daban ciki al'aurar.

Fifiko ga mafi ƙasũsuwa ciki ƙunshi ja bargo, wanda shi ne na musamman gabobin hematopoiesis da kuma tsarin na rigakafi na jikin mutum. Shi ne ya kamata a lura da cewa ƙasũsuwa kare shi daga lalacewa, kazalika da samar da kyakkyawan yanayi ga maturing na daban-daban da maikacin jini, da trophism.

Bugu da kari, musamman hankali ya kamata a biya su da cewa da kasusuwa ne kai tsaye da hannu a ma'adinai metabolism, kamar yadda suka ajiye mai yawa sinadaran abubuwa, daga cikinsu na musamman wuri ne shagaltar da alli da phosphorus. Saboda haka, idan kwayoyin da aka gudanar rediyoaktif alli bayan game da 24 hours fiye da 50% na abu ne tara a cikin kasusuwa.

ci gaba

Kashi samuwar ne da za'ayi ta osteoblasts, kuma akwai da dama iri ossification:

• Endesmalnoe. An kai tsaye, a cikin connective nama sutura, primary kashi. Daga daban-daban maki na ossification a connective nama tayi hanya ossification fara yada kamar haskoki a kan dukkan bangarorin. Surface yadudduka na connective nama haka zama a cikin nau'i na periosteum daga cikin kashi wadda fara girma a kauri.
• Perichondral. Akwai ranar da matsanancin surface na guringuntsi rudiments na kai tsaye hallara perichondrium. Godiya ga ayyuka na osteoblasts, wanda aka located a karkashin perichondrium, hankali jinkirta kashi, a guringuntsi maye da kuma kafa musamman m kashi abu.
• Periosteal. Shi ne saboda da periosteum, wanda aka canza kama perichondrium. Previous da iri osteogenesis suna bin juna.
• Endochondral. Aiwatar a cikin guringuntsi rudiments na kai tsaye hallara perichondrium samar da abinci a cikin guringuntsi matakai dauke da wani musamman tasoshin. Wannan kosteobrazovatelnaya nama sannu a hankali halaka izvetshaly guringuntsi ossification da suranta wani batu kai tsaye a tsakiyar cartilaginous kashi model. Tare da kara rarraba endochondral ossification daga cibiyar ga periphery aka yi trabecular kashi samuwar.

Me ke faruwa?

Kowane mutum ne aikin sa ossification fara da busiest wurare na tsakiyar kashi. Around watan biyu na rayuwa a cikin mahaifa fara bayyana da farko aya daga wanda ci gaban diaphyseal, metaphyseal da kuma gawawwakin dogon ƙasũsuwa. Daga baya da suka ossified da endochondral kashi samuwar kuma perichondral, amma dama kafin haihuwa ko a farko 'yan shekaru bayan haihuwa, fara bayyana sakandare aya, daga abin da epiphyseal ci gaba.

A yara, kazalika da mutane a cikin matasa da kuma} uruciyarsa iya bayyana ƙarin ossification tsibiran, inda raya fara apophyses. Daban-daban ƙasũsuwa da, su mutum sassa, kunsha na musamman spongy abu, a kan lokaci endochondral ossification, yayin da abubuwa da cewa sun dauki ta membobinsu spongy da kuma m abu, ossify peri- da endochondral. Ossification na kowane kashi ne cikakken nuna ta aikin saboda tafiyar matakai na phylogeny.

girma

A lokacin da girma da aka kwashe sake gina da kuma karamin kashi hijira. Fara ta samar da sabon osteons, kuma wannan ne ma da za'ayi a cikin layi daya rezorbatsiya wakiltar resorption na haihuwa osteons, wanda aka samar da osteoclasts. Saboda su aiki aikin kusan duk endochondral kashi diaphysis ƙarshe dissolves, kuma a maimakon kafa cikakken bargo kogo. Har ila yau, ya kamata a lura shi ne cewa yunkura da yadudduka perichondral kasũsuwa, ashe, amma maimakon vuya kashi ajiye kara yadudduka daga periosteum. A rezultatet kashi fara girma a kauri.

Kashi girma a tsawon aka bayar da epiphyseal guringuntsi, musamman Layer tsakanin metaphysis da epiphysis, ci gaba ga matasa da kuma yara.