John Hughes - wanda ya kafa Donetsk. biography

Daya daga cikin mafi bayyanar industrialists daga lokaci Yahaya Hughes - wanda ya kafa Donetsk. Godiya ga shi, akwai wannan daya daga cikin mafi girma a yankunan masana'antu na Ukraine. Abin da kuma ya sananne biography Dzhona Yuza? Bari mu gano a cikin mafi daki-daki, abin da ya kasance da abin da ya aikata.

ƙaramin shekaru

Da farko, bari mu ga abin da shekara John Hughes aka haife, inda wani a cikin iyali. Future industrialist aka haife shi a 1814 a garin Merthyr Tydfil a Wales. Ya zo daga wani Welsh m Hughes iyali (a cikin zamani kuskure - Hughes), suka gudu a gida metallurgical shuka.

A cikin matasa Dzhon Dzheyms Hughes yi aiki a kan mahaifinsa kamfanin, amma ga shekaru 28 ya iya tara wasu babban birnin kasar da kuma ya samu kansa masana'antar ƙera jiragen ruwa.

Ayyukan a Birtaniya

A 1850 John Hughes yakan mallaki wani kamfanin - foundry a Newport. Duk da haka, wannan bai hana shi a lokaci guda raya, aiki a matsayin m at Milvolskom jirgin kasa mirgina shuka, inda ya koma a cikin marigayi 50-ies na XIX karni. Tuni a 1860, John Hughes ya zama darektan wannan kamfanin.

Daya daga cikin nasarori a lokacin da aka haifar da wani gun karusa ga nauyi bindigogi, wanda ya tsara a cikin 1864. Wannan inji ya ja hankalin masu yawa kasashen Turai, inda umarni fadi. Bugu da kari, John Hughes aka tasowa makamai domin motocin.

Sunan Dzhona Yuza ya kasance daya daga cikin mafi shahara a Birtaniya karfe masana'antu da kuma Shipbuilding.

Tayi daga Rasha

Development Dzhona Yuza sha'awar Admiralty na Rasha Empire, wanda ya shirya ya yi amfani da makamai don ƙarfafa "Constantine" a Kronstadt Fort.

A lokacin tattaunawar domin samar da makamai daga Hughes ya fara a kusa da sani da Rasha da jami'ai, a tsakanin wanda aka Kanar Ottomar Gern da Janar Eduard Totleben. Suka kawo shawara da su aiwatar da aikin na Burtaniya Industry a kudu da Rasha Empire domin gina samar da baƙin ƙarfe reluwe da shuka, domin wanda a baya ya yi niyya Prince Kochubey. Hughes amince.

A dalilan yarda da tayin

Babban dalilin da ya sa Dzhona Yuza mayar da hankali ta babban aiki a cikin Rasha Empire, ya masana'antu rikicin a Birtaniya bayan da m fall na London Stock Exchange a 1866. Wannan ya ba Yunƙurin zuwa wani gagarumin karuwa a rashin aikin yi a kasar da kuma outflow na zuba jari. A wannan lokaci shi ragu sosai ƙara da umarni daga abokan ciniki.

Rasha sa'an nan ya a jihar wanda tattalin arzikin da aka tasowa da leaps da haddi a cikin wani ƙoƙari don rage rata tare da West. Saboda haka, shi ne wata quite m filin ga kasashen waje industrialists. Ya yi nufi don jawo hankalin ayyukan a Rasha, da aiki da karfi na United Kingdom, ga wanda bukatar ya auku sharply a cikin gida kasar.

Bugu da kari, Rasha jami'an sanya Hughes mai yawan fairly garabasa tayi, wanda a cikin wannan halin da ake ciki ze fi kyau.

Fara ayyukan a Rasha

Saboda haka, Yahaya Hughes zo Grips tare da Rasha aikin, wanda wa'adi da manyan ribar.

A 1868, ya tafi zuwa Rasha, da barin matarsa a mahaifarsa, kamar yadda ta flatly ƙi motsa.

Abu na farko da Hughes ya samu dama zuwa nawa ci a ƙasar da take Prince Paul Lieven. A wannan shekara, a Burtaniya industrialist, ya sayi amince da kayen aiki a cikin metallurgical masana'antu a Ekaterinburg lardin Prince Sergeya Kochubeya, ya taimaka kansa Grand Duke Constantine, wanda shi ne dan'uwan da Sarkin sarakuna Alexander. Hukumance da yarjejeniyar da aka rajista a watan Afrilu na wannan shekara.

Saboda haka, Yahaya Hughes shirya a ƙasa domin ci gaban manyan-sikelin karfe samarwa da kuma ci karafa masana'antu.

Novorossiysk jama'a

Amma domin fara samarwa, bukata babba kudi zuba jari. John Hughes yanke shawarar jawo hankalin su ta hanyar samar da wani hadin gwiwa stock kamfanin. Tare da shi, ya so ya aika Birtaniya babban birnin kasar domin ci gaban masana'antu a kudu da Rasha Empire. Kungiyar mai suna "Novorossiysk Society", kuma ya qware a jawo zuba jari a cikin metallurgical, kwal da kuma dogo samar. Register Society da aka gudanar a 1869 a London.

Babban m na kamfanin zama memba na Birtaniya majalisar Deniel Guch, kuma jimlar yawan mahalarta ya kai goma sha tara. Daga cikinsu akwai Russia, musamman, da muka ambata a sama Sergey Kochubey da Pavel liven.

Donetsk tushe

Yanzu bari mu ga abin da shekara John Hughes kafa Donetsk. Madaidaici Dating wannan taron ba ya wanzu, amma an dauke su da kafa shekara na 1869 th, a lokacin da "Novorossiysk Society" game da Oleksandrivka kauyen fara gina metallurgical shuka. A lokaci guda akwai wani aiki shiri, wanda shi ne girmama Dzhona Yuza kira Yuzivka ko Yuzovo. Daga wannan shiri, da kuma ya girma zamani birnin Donetsk.

Da farko Yuzivka tenements da matsayi na wani Sauki birni gwamnati, da kuma geographically mallakar County Bahmutskiy Ekaterinoslav lardin. A 1870 shi ƙidaya 164 mazaunan.

Sa'an nan, a 1869, akwai wani kauye - Smolyanka. Kusa da shi gina wani ƙirƙira da kuma biyu mahakar mallakar Hughes.

ci gaba na samar da

Ko da yake da farko shuka shirya ya fara a 1870, kammala aikin gina ta farko tsãwa makera a watan Afrilu 1871. By 1872 da factory gini ya gama. Ya kidaya takwas coke dafuwa. A farkon 1872 ya fara samar da Cast baƙin ƙarfe.

A ma'aikata a factory ba kawai batutuwa na Rasha Sarkin sarakuna, amma wani mutum dauka a Birtaniya, wanda saboda rikicin akwai mai yawa rago hannuwanku. Musamman manyan ambaliya na aiki ya daga ƙasarsa ta Wales for Hughes. Mai Birtaniya ma'aikata zauna a Yuzovka kwata, wanda aka kira da Turanci mallaka.

Idan a farko shi ci gaba da samar da shi ne quite wuya, a kan lokaci da ya kai gagarumin rabbai. Hughes factory ya zama daya daga cikin mafi girma a karfe kamfanoni a Rasha Empire.

A 1880, shi izini a factory domin samar da tsaurin tubalin da aka kaddamar. Bayan shekaru tara, kuma ya fara aiki da baƙin ƙarfe foundry da na'ura-gini sha'anin. Duk da haka, shi ya riga sanã'ar ba na Hughes da kuma sauran masana'antun - Gennefelda da Bosse. Duk da haka, shi ne John Hughes ne mutumin, godiya ga wanda da yankin da leaps da haddi suka fara samar masana'antu.

Don tabbatar da samuwar kai tasowa yankin a 1872 Konstantinovskaya Railway aka fara.

Hughes gidan

Da farko, John Hughes ya rayu a kan Estate saye daga mallaki gidaje Smolyaninovo, inda akwai wani kauye da Smolyanka. A gidan inda ya rayu, shine sifar kama Ukrainian bukka. Its ganuwar da aka sanya na Adobe, da kuma rufin da aka sanya na bambaro. Duk da haka, har zuwa yanzu wannan tsari ya ba an kiyaye.

A gagarumin tarihi da kuma gine-gine da darajar ne wani gidan Dzhona Yuza. Yana da aka gina a Yuzovka musamman domin Welsh industrialist. Fara na yi an kwanan rana zuwa biyu da rabi na 1873. Tuni a cikin tsakiyar gaba shekara da gidan da aka gina. Shi ne mai daya-labarin tubali gini, ja da kunshi takwas da dakuna. Rufin an rufe ta da baƙin ƙarfe zanen gado. Bugu da kari, da gidan da aka adjoined da yawa gine-gine na tattalin arziki da irin, fara daga cikin ginshiki da kuma kammala ɗakin kare. A lambu ya kasance a kan Estate. Har ila yau a cikin gidan sun halayen zamani, kamar yadda a guje ruwa da wutar lantarki.

Hughes House wani rabin kilomita nesa daga factory.

Dzhona Yuza matar koma daga Ingila zuwa Yuzovka yawa daga baya mijinta, riga a lokacin da gidan da aka gina. Yana bai dace da bayyanar, musamman, da cewa da gidan wani daya-labarin. Saboda haka, aka yanke shawarar sake gina shi a biyu benaye.

Amma ba aikin na Rasha gine-ginen kasa gamsar da dandano na Hughes iyali, don haka da wani gwani da aka yi ijara da a Birtaniya. Game da yadda za a alhakin tsarin kula da zane, evidenced da cewa shi ne yada a kan shekaru da dama. Haka kuma, a 1880, aikin a kan aikin da aka katse saboda wani yawan karfi majeure, wato mutuwa da na ɗan, da kuma matarsa Dzhona Yuza. Su koma aiki ne kawai na shekaru uku bayan da dakatar. A sakamakon haka, aikin ya da wani shirin na gini a Renaissance style.

Nan da nan da gina fara a 1887 kuma ya ƙare shekaru hudu daga baya, wato, bayan mutuwar Dzhona Yuza. Ba ya kuma matarsa bai rayu har zuwa wannan lokacin a lokacin da gidan da aka gina a karshe. Duk da haka, wasu 'yan iyali koma cikin qasaita a cikin kaka na 1891. Suka zauna a cikin gidan har 1903, sa'an nan bar wannan wuri domin mai kyau.

Yanzu ginin cewa ya sau ɗaya gida na Hughes, shi ne daya daga cikin abubuwan jan hankali Popular birnin Donetsk, ko da yake yana a cikin wani dilapidated yanayin. An ayi a ul. Clinical, 15. A zamani bayyanar ginin za a iya gani a cikin hoto a sama.

mutuwa

Kamar yadda aka ambata a sama, John Hughes (1814-1889) ya mutu kafin kammala sabon gida. Wannan ya faru a cikin watan Yuni 1889, a lokacin da Hughes ne a cikin babban birnin kasar na Rasha Empire, St. Petersburg. Mutuwa ta riske shi a semidesyatipyatiletnem shekaru na hotel "Angleterre".

John Hughes da aka binne a kasarsa, da Birtaniya, da London West Norwood hurumi.

iyali

Bari yanzu mu taƙaice dubi sauran 'yan Hughes iyali.

John Hughes ya auri Elizabeth Lewis. Ta ya dade bai yi kuskure tafi daga ƙasarsa ta Birtaniya ta kudu da Rasha Empire. Amma a ƙarshe ta bi mijinta da kuma 'ya'ya maza. Ya mutu shekaru tara kafin mutuwa Dzhona Yuza a watan Nuwamba 1880.

A Hughes iyali da 'ya'ya bakwai:' ya'ya maza biyar da mata biyu. Babbansu ya, Sarah Anne Hughes, a cikin aure Lemon aka haife shi a 1846 ya kuma rasu a shekara ta 1929 a London. Wani ya - Margaret - mutu matasa a Yuzovka. A shekara ta 1948 ta kabari da aka bude da kuma tõne.

A babban dan na iyali sunan da aka Dzhon Dzheyms Hughes. An haife shi a 1848 ya kuma rasu a 1917. Yana da aka Dzhon Dzheyms, bayan rasuwar tsohonsa, a 1889 ya zama shugaban da Hughes iyali.

A ɗa na biyu, Arthur Hughes, haife shi a 1852, ya mutu, kamar ɗan'uwansa, a 1917. Ya aka yi aure to Ogaste Dzheyms, aure da 'ya'ya hudu mata da aka haife.

Ayvor Edvard, haife shi a 1855, shi ne na uku, ɗan Dzhona Yuza. Ya mutu a cikin 1917 a London.

Wani yaro a cikin gidan da aka Albert Hughes Evellin (b. 1857), wanda ya mutu a 1907 a London. 'Yarsa kuma ita Kira Hughes, wanda ya yi aure a karo na farko Rasha jama'a Sergeem Bursakom, sa'an nan da Banasare Ambemarlem Blackwood. Daga biyu aure ta na da yara.

Matasa yara a gidan sun David Hughes da kuma tandã Tudor.

Bugu da kari, Dzhona Yuza shi ne shege dan Ivan, haife shi a shekara ta 1870 ya kuma rasu a 1910. Ya tara yara.

Passion for Dzhona Yuza

Babban amfani Dzhona Yuza, ban da aikin injiniya da kasuwanci aji, an tattara. A babba, na daga cikin arziki, ya ciyar da shi a kan sayen wani iri-iri m kaya. Ya kasance yana isar da sadarwa da ta tsoho shagunan.

By karshen rayuwarsa, John Hughes taru quite mai ban sha'awa tarin antiquities.

The Legacy Dzhona Yuza

Yana da wuya a overestimate wasiyya bari by John Hughes. Ya farko sa a kan m hanya a cikin Donetsk yankin, da karafa masana'antu, ya sanya wani gagarumin taimako ga ci gaban kwal hako ma'adinai da aikin injiniya. Amma, mafi yawansu duk, ya aka sani na mu na zamani, a matsayin wanda ya kafa birnin Donetsk.

A daidai wannan lokaci shi wajibi ne don tsayar da gaskiya cewa matasa na Dzhona Yuza, ya na sirri rayuwa, dalili a lokacin da yin muhimmanci yanke shawara, mu sani ma kadan.

Memory of John Uzes

A lokacin da rayuwar Birtaniya industrialist mai suna Hughes aiki kauyen da aka mai suna, wanda a nan gaba ya zama cibiyar da Donetsk yankin. By 1884 da yawan jama'a na wannan birni yana da kusan 5.5 dubu mutane da 1897 -... 29 dubu mutane, kuma ta 1918 ne riga gida zuwa 67 000 mutane a Yuzovka.

Amma bayan da Oktoba juyin juya halin gwamnatin da'irori kokarin da duk yana nufin a rufe rawar da Hughes a cikin ci gaban da yankin, tun da, a cikin ra'ayi, waje arzikin masu arziki da rashin cancanta da mutane ta ƙwaƙwalwar. A 1924 aka yanke shawarar sake sunan birnin Yuzivka Stalino. A shekarar 1961, birnin samu ta yanzu sunan - Donetsk.

Bayan faduwar kwaminisanci tsarin mulki sanya yiwu reinterpretation na baya. Birtaniya industrialist ya karshe iya dauka da wuri a cikin tarihin kasar, wanda ya cancanci. A cikin watan Satumba 2001, a cikin Voroshilov gundumar Donetsk John Hughes tunawa da aka bude. Marubucin wannan halittar - Ukrainian sculptor Alexander jima.